无泵溴化锂吸收式空调器的仿真研究
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摘要
目前国内外的大型吸收式制冷装置技术已相当完善，但因制冷量均很大，不适合小冷量场合使用。介于我国天然气工业的迅速发展，空调在家用领域的普及，利用天然气进入城市家用领域的管网，可以直接以天然气为能源，着重提出发展小冷量场合下使用的无泵溴化锂吸收式空调器。
本文对小型溴化锂吸收式空调器进入空调小冷量场合使用，与传统的以电能为能源的空调器在经济性，环保性，节能性进行了分析比较，可以认为无泵式溴化锂吸收式空调器具备进入家用空调领域的很强的竞争力。
本文对无泵溴化锂吸收式空调器的关键部位，气泡泵的特性按照流体力学两相流的理论进行了分析研究，并应用两相流的分相模型，建立了数学模型，并进行了数值模拟计算。对气泡泵的主要的特性参数，直径，提升高度，吸收器液面设计高度，制冷量，浓度差的相互关系，在文中进行了详尽的数值仿真计算，并对仿真结果进行了理论分析。
文中对无泵溴化锂吸收式空调器进行了传热与热力计算，给出了各个状态点的参数和换热面积。并在设计计算的无泵溴化锂吸收式空调器的基础上，根据制冷系统内部的能量平衡，质量平衡，以及相平衡，建立了无泵溴化锂吸收式空调器的热力学系统模型。并进行了变工况系统仿真，得到了详尽的仿真结果，并对仿真结果进行了分析，得到了无泵溴化锂吸收式空调器在变工况下的运行特性。
The technology of the large-size LiBr absorption refrigeration is already very perfect, but the cooling load all are big and is not fitful for a situation of a small cooling load. So, according to our national nature gas industry' station and future, combining itself characterize of air-condition, suggesting to develop the application of a sort of LiBr absorption air-condition which is drived directly by heat source coming from nature gas'burnning .
In the text, Baed on the no-pump LiBr absorption air-condition will break into the family air-condition market, comparing it to the air-condition drived by electricity on environmental protection, economize on energy and economy. We can draw a conclusion that the air-condition have a good rivalrousness. the air-condition enlarge space of absorption chiller utilising nature gas.
In the text applying the theory of two-phase flow'press-drop and diversion-phase model, having a analysis to the press characterize of the important part namely the bubble pump of the no-pump LiBr absorption air-condition , and set up the relational mathematical model. Program of the model was built and having a mathematical simulation. And perfoimed a detailed analysis of the simulation result of the important characterize parameter, the height of advance, the height of the absorption's liquor face, and the difference of the LiBr density.
In the text thermodynamics and heat transfer calculation of the no-pump LiBr absorption refrigeration were performed, and carried out the values of various state point, the heat load and the areas of each apparatus. Based on the calculated result, according to the principle of mass conservation, energy conservation and the phase equilibrium, a thermodynamics model of the system was set up. A program was designed from the model, carried a simulation under different operation states. Having a analysis and getting the system running performance under different operation states.
本文对小型溴化锂吸收式空调器进入空调小冷量场合使用，与传统的以电能为能源的空调器在经济性，环保性，节能性进行了分析比较，可以认为无泵式溴化锂吸收式空调器具备进入家用空调领域的很强的竞争力。
本文对无泵溴化锂吸收式空调器的关键部位，气泡泵的特性按照流体力学两相流的理论进行了分析研究，并应用两相流的分相模型，建立了数学模型，并进行了数值模拟计算。对气泡泵的主要的特性参数，直径，提升高度，吸收器液面设计高度，制冷量，浓度差的相互关系，在文中进行了详尽的数值仿真计算，并对仿真结果进行了理论分析。
文中对无泵溴化锂吸收式空调器进行了传热与热力计算，给出了各个状态点的参数和换热面积。并在设计计算的无泵溴化锂吸收式空调器的基础上，根据制冷系统内部的能量平衡，质量平衡，以及相平衡，建立了无泵溴化锂吸收式空调器的热力学系统模型。并进行了变工况系统仿真，得到了详尽的仿真结果，并对仿真结果进行了分析，得到了无泵溴化锂吸收式空调器在变工况下的运行特性。
The technology of the large-size LiBr absorption refrigeration is already very perfect, but the cooling load all are big and is not fitful for a situation of a small cooling load. So, according to our national nature gas industry' station and future, combining itself characterize of air-condition, suggesting to develop the application of a sort of LiBr absorption air-condition which is drived directly by heat source coming from nature gas'burnning .
In the text, Baed on the no-pump LiBr absorption air-condition will break into the family air-condition market, comparing it to the air-condition drived by electricity on environmental protection, economize on energy and economy. We can draw a conclusion that the air-condition have a good rivalrousness. the air-condition enlarge space of absorption chiller utilising nature gas.
In the text applying the theory of two-phase flow'press-drop and diversion-phase model, having a analysis to the press characterize of the important part namely the bubble pump of the no-pump LiBr absorption air-condition , and set up the relational mathematical model. Program of the model was built and having a mathematical simulation. And perfoimed a detailed analysis of the simulation result of the important characterize parameter, the height of advance, the height of the absorption's liquor face, and the difference of the LiBr density.
In the text thermodynamics and heat transfer calculation of the no-pump LiBr absorption refrigeration were performed, and carried out the values of various state point, the heat load and the areas of each apparatus. Based on the calculated result, according to the principle of mass conservation, energy conservation and the phase equilibrium, a thermodynamics model of the system was set up. A program was designed from the model, carried a simulation under different operation states. Having a analysis and getting the system running performance under different operation states.
引文
1．杨辉爵，刘彦华．21世纪空调技术发展动向．制冷，1999，18(2)：33～36．
2．郭瑞如．空调制冷企业中限制与替代HCFC_s的进展现状．1994(1)：44～46．
3．张国强，龚光彩，FariborzHaghihat．能源，环境与空调制冷．制冷学报．2000(3)：1～6．
4．王长庆．吸收式制冷技术的应用与发展．制冷学报．2000(3)：31～35．
5．戴永庆，欧惠形，蔡小荣．溴化锂吸收式制冷技术的回顾与展望．制冷技术．2001(1)：21～24．
6．周乃君，蒋绍坚，易金萍等．直燃煤型溴化锂吸收式冷温水机组的研制．暖通空调HV&AC．1997．27(增刊)：37～39．
7．苏树强，申江，邹同华．直燃式溴化锂吸收式制冷机的发展．2000．20(6)：11～17．
8．由世俊，刘芳，金志刚．燃气在空调制冷中的应用前景．煤气与热力．2000．20(1)：32～34．
9. Y Yoshida, R Kawakami. Development of an air-cooled absorption packaged air cooling unit. Preprints of 1995 international gas research conference. ⅥⅤ: 106～115.
10. H Iwano. Development of absorption type air condition for residential use. Preprints of 1995 international gas research conference. ⅥⅤ: 11～22.
11．武俊梅．直燃式无泵溴化锂吸收式空调器的应用前景及其技术关键．低温与特气．1999(2)：53～56．
12. Critoph R E, Thorpe R. In: Schweigler C, Zigler F, eds. Proc. of International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, Munich, 1999: 555～559.
13. Critph R E. Heat Recovery System & CHP, 1994, 14(4): 343～350
14．刘迎云，王汉青．日本吸收式制冷机的发展．FLUID MECHANERY．2000．28(1)：57～59．
15．陈永武．中国21世纪初期天然气工业发展展望．天然气工业．2000(1)：1～4．
16．《1999年世界能源统计年鉴》，英国BP。
17．王倩，凌继红．从我国能源结构调整看燃气空调的发展．流体机械．2002(6)：49～54．
18．王长庆，龙惟定，丁文婷．各种冷源的一次能耗及对环境影响的比较．节能技术．2000(4)：8～10．
19．曹伟生．论溴化锂吸收式制冷机的应用与节能．北京节能．1995(3)：9～14．
20．李焰．环境科学导论．中国电力出版社．2000(1)
21．田贯三，李恩三，王侃宏．吸收式燃气空调器制冷循环的技术经济分析．暖通空调．2000(4)：40～42．
22．中国新闻社．国家计委宣布西气东输工程供应的天然气价格．2002．2．06．
23．刘振全，肖尤明．轿车空调用单效溴化锂吸收式冷热水机组的探讨．甘肃工业大学学报．2001(1)：56～58．
24．鲁钟琪．两相流与沸腾传热．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．
25．劳力云，郑之初．关于气液两相流流型及其判别的若干问题．力学进展．2002(2)：236～249．
25. MarcusPfaff, R. Saravanan. Studies on bubble pump for a water-lithium
bromide vapour absorption refrigerator Refrigeration. 1998(21): 452～562.
26．郑成．垂直管内气液两相流的探讨——气泡流压力降．化学工业与工程．1997(4)：16～20．
27．陈学俊，陈立勋，周芳德．气液两相流与传热基础．北京：科学出版社，1995．
28. HenrikKockum, AkeJernqvist. Heatand Mass Transfer. 1998(41): 2909～2924.
29．陈激涛，朱玉群．小型溴化锂吸收式制冷机热虹吸泵的特性研究．鄂州大学学报．2000(4)：59～61
30. Okano T, Asawa Y, Fujimoto M. Development of an air-cooled absorption refrigeration machine using a new working fliud Proceedings of International Absorption Heat Pump Conference Proc Int Absorpt Heat Pump Conf 1994. Publ by ASME, New York, NY, USA: 311～314.
31．戴永庆．溴化锂吸收式制冷技术及应用．北京：机械工业出版社，1996．
32. Yoon Jung-In. Performance Evaluation of Advanced Absorption Cycles. Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Engineering. Tokyo: Tokyo University of A & T, 1995.
33．李树林．空调用制冷技术．北京：机械工业出版社．1995．
34．史美中，王中铮．热交换器原理与设计．南京：东南大学出版社．1996．
35．孔珑．工程流体力学．北京：水利电力出版社．1990．
36．戴永庆．溴化锂吸收式制冷空调技术实用手册．北京：机械工业出版社，1999．
37．刘振全，吴卫东．制冷系统动态仿真及优化．兰州：甘肃工业大学硕士论文．1998，4．
38．hafta AH．Prel iminary simulation of a simple absorption refrigeration system．MSc thesis，Department Of Mechanical Engineering：University of Babhdad．Iraq，1998．
39．丁国良，张春路．制冷空调装置仿真与优化．北京：科学出版社，2001．
40. Khalid A, Joudi, Ali H, Lafta. Simulation of a simple absorption refrigeration system. Energy Conversion and Management 2001(42): 1575～1605.
41. Wassenaar RH. Falling film absorption: a discussion on three types of model an d on the date of absorption measurements. Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Refrigeration. 1995(4): 8～34.
42．王磊，陆震．吸收式制冷系统仿真模型的研究进展．流体机械．2001(2)：58～62．
43．贾明生．溴化锂水溶液的几个主要物性参数计算方程．湛江海洋大学学报．2002(2)：52～58．
44．贾明生．一种简便实用的湿空气性质计算方程．暖通空调HV&AC．1997(增刊)：72～73．
45. Huliquist P. Numerical methods for engineering and computer scientist. New York: Addison Wesley: 1988.
46 何仁斌．MATLAB 6工程计算及应用．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2001．
47．精锐创作组．MATLAB 6.0科学运算完整解决方案．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001．
48．周建华，黄燕．MATLAB 5.3学习教程．北京：北京大学出版社，2000．
49．赵伟，李强．MATLAB数据处理与应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2000．
2．郭瑞如．空调制冷企业中限制与替代HCFC_s的进展现状．1994(1)：44～46．
3．张国强，龚光彩，FariborzHaghihat．能源，环境与空调制冷．制冷学报．2000(3)：1～6．
4．王长庆．吸收式制冷技术的应用与发展．制冷学报．2000(3)：31～35．
5．戴永庆，欧惠形，蔡小荣．溴化锂吸收式制冷技术的回顾与展望．制冷技术．2001(1)：21～24．
6．周乃君，蒋绍坚，易金萍等．直燃煤型溴化锂吸收式冷温水机组的研制．暖通空调HV&AC．1997．27(增刊)：37～39．
7．苏树强，申江，邹同华．直燃式溴化锂吸收式制冷机的发展．2000．20(6)：11～17．
8．由世俊，刘芳，金志刚．燃气在空调制冷中的应用前景．煤气与热力．2000．20(1)：32～34．
9. Y Yoshida, R Kawakami. Development of an air-cooled absorption packaged air cooling unit. Preprints of 1995 international gas research conference. ⅥⅤ: 106～115.
10. H Iwano. Development of absorption type air condition for residential use. Preprints of 1995 international gas research conference. ⅥⅤ: 11～22.
11．武俊梅．直燃式无泵溴化锂吸收式空调器的应用前景及其技术关键．低温与特气．1999(2)：53～56．
12. Critoph R E, Thorpe R. In: Schweigler C, Zigler F, eds. Proc. of International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, Munich, 1999: 555～559.
13. Critph R E. Heat Recovery System & CHP, 1994, 14(4): 343～350
14．刘迎云，王汉青．日本吸收式制冷机的发展．FLUID MECHANERY．2000．28(1)：57～59．
15．陈永武．中国21世纪初期天然气工业发展展望．天然气工业．2000(1)：1～4．
16．《1999年世界能源统计年鉴》，英国BP。
17．王倩，凌继红．从我国能源结构调整看燃气空调的发展．流体机械．2002(6)：49～54．
18．王长庆，龙惟定，丁文婷．各种冷源的一次能耗及对环境影响的比较．节能技术．2000(4)：8～10．
19．曹伟生．论溴化锂吸收式制冷机的应用与节能．北京节能．1995(3)：9～14．
20．李焰．环境科学导论．中国电力出版社．2000(1)
21．田贯三，李恩三，王侃宏．吸收式燃气空调器制冷循环的技术经济分析．暖通空调．2000(4)：40～42．
22．中国新闻社．国家计委宣布西气东输工程供应的天然气价格．2002．2．06．
23．刘振全，肖尤明．轿车空调用单效溴化锂吸收式冷热水机组的探讨．甘肃工业大学学报．2001(1)：56～58．
24．鲁钟琪．两相流与沸腾传热．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．
25．劳力云，郑之初．关于气液两相流流型及其判别的若干问题．力学进展．2002(2)：236～249．
25. MarcusPfaff, R. Saravanan. Studies on bubble pump for a water-lithium
bromide vapour absorption refrigerator Refrigeration. 1998(21): 452～562.
26．郑成．垂直管内气液两相流的探讨——气泡流压力降．化学工业与工程．1997(4)：16～20．
27．陈学俊，陈立勋，周芳德．气液两相流与传热基础．北京：科学出版社，1995．
28. HenrikKockum, AkeJernqvist. Heatand Mass Transfer. 1998(41): 2909～2924.
29．陈激涛，朱玉群．小型溴化锂吸收式制冷机热虹吸泵的特性研究．鄂州大学学报．2000(4)：59～61
30. Okano T, Asawa Y, Fujimoto M. Development of an air-cooled absorption refrigeration machine using a new working fliud Proceedings of International Absorption Heat Pump Conference Proc Int Absorpt Heat Pump Conf 1994. Publ by ASME, New York, NY, USA: 311～314.
31．戴永庆．溴化锂吸收式制冷技术及应用．北京：机械工业出版社，1996．
32. Yoon Jung-In. Performance Evaluation of Advanced Absorption Cycles. Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Engineering. Tokyo: Tokyo University of A & T, 1995.
33．李树林．空调用制冷技术．北京：机械工业出版社．1995．
34．史美中，王中铮．热交换器原理与设计．南京：东南大学出版社．1996．
35．孔珑．工程流体力学．北京：水利电力出版社．1990．
36．戴永庆．溴化锂吸收式制冷空调技术实用手册．北京：机械工业出版社，1999．
37．刘振全，吴卫东．制冷系统动态仿真及优化．兰州：甘肃工业大学硕士论文．1998，4．
38．hafta AH．Prel iminary simulation of a simple absorption refrigeration system．MSc thesis，Department Of Mechanical Engineering：University of Babhdad．Iraq，1998．
39．丁国良，张春路．制冷空调装置仿真与优化．北京：科学出版社，2001．
40. Khalid A, Joudi, Ali H, Lafta. Simulation of a simple absorption refrigeration system. Energy Conversion and Management 2001(42): 1575～1605.
41. Wassenaar RH. Falling film absorption: a discussion on three types of model an d on the date of absorption measurements. Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Refrigeration. 1995(4): 8～34.
42．王磊，陆震．吸收式制冷系统仿真模型的研究进展．流体机械．2001(2)：58～62．
43．贾明生．溴化锂水溶液的几个主要物性参数计算方程．湛江海洋大学学报．2002(2)：52～58．
44．贾明生．一种简便实用的湿空气性质计算方程．暖通空调HV&AC．1997(增刊)：72～73．
45. Huliquist P. Numerical methods for engineering and computer scientist. New York: Addison Wesley: 1988.
46 何仁斌．MATLAB 6工程计算及应用．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2001．
47．精锐创作组．MATLAB 6.0科学运算完整解决方案．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001．
48．周建华，黄燕．MATLAB 5.3学习教程．北京：北京大学出版社，2000．
49．赵伟，李强．MATLAB数据处理与应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2000．