产业集群与区域经济非均衡协调发展
|
摘要
本文围绕产业集群与区域经济非均衡协调发展这一主题，运用发展经济学、区域经济学、产业经济学等多学科相关理论，以及大量经验数据分析和计量经济学方法，借鉴国外产业集群发展推动区域经济增长的经验，并结合我国产业集群与区域经济发展的现状，试图改变以往研究的视角，从产业集群角度出发寻找影响区域经济非均衡协调发展的因素及其作用机制，建立起一个基于产业集群基础的区域经济非均衡协调发展的分析框架，为制定基于产业集群的区域经济协调发展战略提供理论支撑。
近年来，随着生产过程中分工的进一步深化，为了降低成本和增加收益，具有相同或相似特征的企业和机构通常会在市场机制的驱动下向要素资源丰富或区位优势突出的地区集中，最终形成彼此联系密切，且各具特色的产业集群。本文认为，随着经济市场化和全球化进程的不断加快，我国区域之间的竞争日益激烈并逐渐呈现出群体竞争，即产业集群式竞争的特点。
经济发展过程中的非均衡发展是区域经济发展变化的一般规律，但是非均衡发展的过程必须能保持国民经济的整体繁荣，相互依存的各区域经济都能得到发展，并且各区域之间的发展差距是逐步缩小的，或者保持在合理和适度的范围内，即区域经济非均衡发展必须是协调的发展。本文的研究发现，区域经济发展如果不协调，将会给发达地区和落后地区都造成一定的利益损失，最终影响我国经济发展的整体速度和质量。
通过对产业集群与区域经济发展二者之间关系的研究，本文认为产业集群与区域经济发展二者之间是相互影响，相互依赖的。地区产业集群的发展是提升区域竞争力，推动区域经济的有效组织形式。产业集群会通过影响地区经济的增长、区域内企业的创新能力、企业的生产和交易成本、区域品牌和产品品牌、城乡的协调发展以及区域的可持续性发展，从而对区域经济产生巨大的影响力。而区域经济发展的状态也会在很大程度上影响产业集群的发展。区域内自然要素的多少、制度环境的优劣、劳动力素质的高低、区域整体开放度的大小，以及基础设施是否完备等因素都会对产业集群的发展产生较大的影响。
大量经验数据的分析表明了我国目前的产业集群发展情况很不协调，充分表现在地区分布总量的不协调、产业集群组织结构和主导产业产业结构的不协调。而由于产业集群与区域经济之间的密切联系，这种不协调导致了我国区域经济发展过程中出现了各种不协调的状况，表现在地区经济总量、生产要素的区际流动、地区之间创新能力、经济发展与生态环境的不协调。因此，本文认为，目前我国产业集群发展情况的不协调是造成我国区域经济发展不协调的重要原因之一。
因此，要推动我国区域经济发展由不协调向协调的方向努力，应该改进区域环境中会对产业集群产生较大影响的那些因素来积极培育和发展落后地区的产业集群，调整区域内部产业集群发展不协调的方面，从而达到促进地区经济的发展，缩小地区之间的差距的目标。
本文通过研究产业集群与区域经济非均衡协调发展的相互关系，提出了通过产业集群发展战略实现区域经济非均衡协调发展的路径方法。不仅符合我国当前区域经济发展的实际情况，具有较强的现实意义，而且对于从产业集群角度来理解如何推动区域经济的非均衡协调发展也有一定的理论价值。
This dissertation focuses on a topic that is a non-equilibrium and coordinated development based on industrial clusters and regional economy. Many theories such as developing economics, regional economics, industry economics, and econometric methods used to analyze empirical data are used in this paper. The experience that is how to promote regional economic growth by industrial clusters development is referenced and the present situation of industrial clusters and regional economic development in China is considered in this paper. In order to alter a traditional perspective, what influence factors affect on the non-equilibrium and coordinated development of regional economy and its mechanism are discussed from a new point of industrial clusters. A study framework which the non-equilibrium and coordinated development of regional economy is affected by industrial clusters is constructed in order to provide theoretical support for drafting a regional economic coordinated development strategy based on industrial clusters.
In recent years, in order to reduce production cost and increase profit, many characteristic and linked closely industrial clusters are finally formed by the same or similar enterprises and institutions gathering into the place where resource endowment is abound or location advantage is obvious with the further deepening of the division of labor in the production process. A perspective is hold in this paper that regional competition is increased greatly with a new characteristic of industrial clusters competition owing to the accelerating process of the economic marketing and economic globalization.
A non-equilibrium development in the process of economic development is a regular pattern of regional economic development. But a generally flourished nationwide economy, all interdependence regions developing and the gradually narrowed gap or the controlled gap to the reasonable and modest extent between regions should be companied with this non-equilibrium economic development. That is the non-equilibrium development of regional economy should be developed coordinately. A study reveals in this paper that the interest of developed and undeveloped regions should be affected to some extent if regional economy developed uncoordinatedly and eventually our nation economic development should be damaged in developing speed and quality.
By analyzing the relationship between industrial clusters and regional economic development, there is an interaction and interdependence relationship between industrial clusters and regional economic development. The development of regional industrial clusters is an effective institution that will improve a regional competitive power. The regional economic growth, enterprise innovation capacity, production & transaction cost of enterprise, the regional brand and product brand, the coordinated development between city and countryside and the sustainable development in regions should be influenced by industrial clusters, which have a great influence on regional economy. Meanwhile, the industrial clusters development will be affected by the regional economic development. And the endowment of natural resource, the environment of institution, the quality of labor, the overall openness and the completeness of infrastructure in region and so on will do greatly influence on the development of industrial clusters.
The development of industrial clusters is unbalanced greatly as a fact of the disparities of distributed quantities in different regions, the non-equilibrium institution structure of industrial clusters and leading industrial structure by analyzing mass empirical data. Because of there is a contact interaction between the industrial clusters and regional economy. So this non-equilibrium situation causes all kinds of uncoordinated situations just like total regional economic quantity, the flow of production factor between regions, innovation capacity between regions and economic development and ecological environment. So the situation that industrial clusters in our country are not equilibrium is a most important reason that causes the uncoordinated regional economic development.
So in order to promote regional economic development from the uncoordinated situation to the coordinated situation, we should improve those factors which influence the industrial clusters in regional environment to foster and develop the industrial clusters in undeveloped regions. And we should adjust the uncoordinated situation of industrial clusters within regions to promote regional economic development and narrow the gap between regions.
In this paper, a method that how to realize the non-equilibrium coordinated development of regional economy by industrial clusters development strategy is brought forward based on a study of the relationship between industrial cluster and the non-equilibrium coordinated development of regional economy. This is in line with current regional economic development in our nation, which has a strong practical significance. And also there is a certain theoretical value of studying the non-equilibrium coordinated development of regional economy from the industrial cluster view.
近年来，随着生产过程中分工的进一步深化，为了降低成本和增加收益，具有相同或相似特征的企业和机构通常会在市场机制的驱动下向要素资源丰富或区位优势突出的地区集中，最终形成彼此联系密切，且各具特色的产业集群。本文认为，随着经济市场化和全球化进程的不断加快，我国区域之间的竞争日益激烈并逐渐呈现出群体竞争，即产业集群式竞争的特点。
经济发展过程中的非均衡发展是区域经济发展变化的一般规律，但是非均衡发展的过程必须能保持国民经济的整体繁荣，相互依存的各区域经济都能得到发展，并且各区域之间的发展差距是逐步缩小的，或者保持在合理和适度的范围内，即区域经济非均衡发展必须是协调的发展。本文的研究发现，区域经济发展如果不协调，将会给发达地区和落后地区都造成一定的利益损失，最终影响我国经济发展的整体速度和质量。
通过对产业集群与区域经济发展二者之间关系的研究，本文认为产业集群与区域经济发展二者之间是相互影响，相互依赖的。地区产业集群的发展是提升区域竞争力，推动区域经济的有效组织形式。产业集群会通过影响地区经济的增长、区域内企业的创新能力、企业的生产和交易成本、区域品牌和产品品牌、城乡的协调发展以及区域的可持续性发展，从而对区域经济产生巨大的影响力。而区域经济发展的状态也会在很大程度上影响产业集群的发展。区域内自然要素的多少、制度环境的优劣、劳动力素质的高低、区域整体开放度的大小，以及基础设施是否完备等因素都会对产业集群的发展产生较大的影响。
大量经验数据的分析表明了我国目前的产业集群发展情况很不协调，充分表现在地区分布总量的不协调、产业集群组织结构和主导产业产业结构的不协调。而由于产业集群与区域经济之间的密切联系，这种不协调导致了我国区域经济发展过程中出现了各种不协调的状况，表现在地区经济总量、生产要素的区际流动、地区之间创新能力、经济发展与生态环境的不协调。因此，本文认为，目前我国产业集群发展情况的不协调是造成我国区域经济发展不协调的重要原因之一。
因此，要推动我国区域经济发展由不协调向协调的方向努力，应该改进区域环境中会对产业集群产生较大影响的那些因素来积极培育和发展落后地区的产业集群，调整区域内部产业集群发展不协调的方面，从而达到促进地区经济的发展，缩小地区之间的差距的目标。
本文通过研究产业集群与区域经济非均衡协调发展的相互关系，提出了通过产业集群发展战略实现区域经济非均衡协调发展的路径方法。不仅符合我国当前区域经济发展的实际情况，具有较强的现实意义，而且对于从产业集群角度来理解如何推动区域经济的非均衡协调发展也有一定的理论价值。
This dissertation focuses on a topic that is a non-equilibrium and coordinated development based on industrial clusters and regional economy. Many theories such as developing economics, regional economics, industry economics, and econometric methods used to analyze empirical data are used in this paper. The experience that is how to promote regional economic growth by industrial clusters development is referenced and the present situation of industrial clusters and regional economic development in China is considered in this paper. In order to alter a traditional perspective, what influence factors affect on the non-equilibrium and coordinated development of regional economy and its mechanism are discussed from a new point of industrial clusters. A study framework which the non-equilibrium and coordinated development of regional economy is affected by industrial clusters is constructed in order to provide theoretical support for drafting a regional economic coordinated development strategy based on industrial clusters.
In recent years, in order to reduce production cost and increase profit, many characteristic and linked closely industrial clusters are finally formed by the same or similar enterprises and institutions gathering into the place where resource endowment is abound or location advantage is obvious with the further deepening of the division of labor in the production process. A perspective is hold in this paper that regional competition is increased greatly with a new characteristic of industrial clusters competition owing to the accelerating process of the economic marketing and economic globalization.
A non-equilibrium development in the process of economic development is a regular pattern of regional economic development. But a generally flourished nationwide economy, all interdependence regions developing and the gradually narrowed gap or the controlled gap to the reasonable and modest extent between regions should be companied with this non-equilibrium economic development. That is the non-equilibrium development of regional economy should be developed coordinately. A study reveals in this paper that the interest of developed and undeveloped regions should be affected to some extent if regional economy developed uncoordinatedly and eventually our nation economic development should be damaged in developing speed and quality.
By analyzing the relationship between industrial clusters and regional economic development, there is an interaction and interdependence relationship between industrial clusters and regional economic development. The development of regional industrial clusters is an effective institution that will improve a regional competitive power. The regional economic growth, enterprise innovation capacity, production & transaction cost of enterprise, the regional brand and product brand, the coordinated development between city and countryside and the sustainable development in regions should be influenced by industrial clusters, which have a great influence on regional economy. Meanwhile, the industrial clusters development will be affected by the regional economic development. And the endowment of natural resource, the environment of institution, the quality of labor, the overall openness and the completeness of infrastructure in region and so on will do greatly influence on the development of industrial clusters.
The development of industrial clusters is unbalanced greatly as a fact of the disparities of distributed quantities in different regions, the non-equilibrium institution structure of industrial clusters and leading industrial structure by analyzing mass empirical data. Because of there is a contact interaction between the industrial clusters and regional economy. So this non-equilibrium situation causes all kinds of uncoordinated situations just like total regional economic quantity, the flow of production factor between regions, innovation capacity between regions and economic development and ecological environment. So the situation that industrial clusters in our country are not equilibrium is a most important reason that causes the uncoordinated regional economic development.
So in order to promote regional economic development from the uncoordinated situation to the coordinated situation, we should improve those factors which influence the industrial clusters in regional environment to foster and develop the industrial clusters in undeveloped regions. And we should adjust the uncoordinated situation of industrial clusters within regions to promote regional economic development and narrow the gap between regions.
In this paper, a method that how to realize the non-equilibrium coordinated development of regional economy by industrial clusters development strategy is brought forward based on a study of the relationship between industrial cluster and the non-equilibrium coordinated development of regional economy. This is in line with current regional economic development in our nation, which has a strong practical significance. And also there is a certain theoretical value of studying the non-equilibrium coordinated development of regional economy from the industrial cluster view.
引文
[1] Ahokangas, P., Hyry, M. and Rasanen, P.: Small technology-based firms in fast-growing regional cluster[J]. New England Jorunal of Entrepreneurship, 1999,2: 19-26.
[2] Anthony J. Venables. : Cities and trade : external trade and internal geography in developing economies NBER, working paper ,2000.
[3] Anthony J. Venables.: Regionlism and Economic Development, Lacea, 2001.
[4] Baptista, R., and Swann P.: Do Firms in Clusters Innovate More. Research Policy. 1998,27.
[5] Best, Michael H. Cluster Dynamic. The New Competitive Advantage: The Renewal of American Industry[M]. Oxford University Press,2001, 3.
[6] Camagni, R.:The Concept of Innovative Milieu and Its Relevance for Public Policies in European Lagging Regions [J].The Journal of the RSAI. 1995, 74(4):317-340.
[7] Capello R.:Spatial Transfer of Knowledge in Hi-Tech Milieux: Learning Versus Collective Learning Progresses [J].Regional Studies 1999, 33:352-365.
[8] Carie, A.S.: From Integrated Enterprises to Regional Clusters: the Changing Basis of Competition, Computers in Industry, 2000.
[9] Catherine Beaudry and Peter Swann.: Growth in industrial cluster: a bird's eye view of the United Kingdom. SIEPR Discussion Paper. 2001.
[10] Chiarvesio, M. and Micellli, S. . Networks without technologies in industrial districts of Northeast Italy. In Age Mariussen, eds, Cluster Policies-Cluster Development? Stockholm, 2001: 79-91.
[11] Ciccone, A.: Agglomeration Effects in Europe, European Economic Review, 2002.
[12] Coffey, W.J. and Shearmur, R.G.: Agglomeration and Dispersion of High-order Service Employment in the Montreal Metropolitan Region, 1981-96, Urban Studies, 2002.
[13] Cooke, P and Schienstock G.: Structural Competitiveness and Learning Region[J].Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies. 2000, 1(3)265-280.
[14] Danny Quah: Demand-driven Knowledge Clusters in a Weightless Economy, LSE Economics Department, Working Paper, 2001.
[15] David L. Barkley and Mark S. Henry : Industry Agglomerations and Employment Change In Non-Metropolitan Areas, RURDS, 1999.
[16] David Newlands: Competetion and Cooperation in Industrial Clusters: The Implications for Public Policy, European Planning Studies, 2003.
[17] Dorothy McCormic: African Enterprise Clusters and Industrialization: Theory and Reality. World Development, 1999, 9.
[ 18] DRI/McGraw-Hill. America's Clusters, Lexington, MA:DRI/McGraw-Hill, 1995.
[19] Eaton, B.C. and Lipsey, R.G.: An Economic Theory of Central Places, Economic Journal, 1982.
[20] Ellison,G. , and Glaeser, E.L.: Geographic Concentration in US Manufacturing Industries: Advantage Explain Agglomeration? ,The American Economic Review, 1999.
[21] Ennifer Bair: Local Clusters in Global Chains: The Causes and Consequences of Export Dynamism in Torreon's Blue Jeans Industry. World Development, 2001, 11.
[22] Fan, C. and Scott, A. J.: Industrial agglomeration and development: A survey of spatial issues in East Asia and a statistical analysis of Chinese regions. Economic Geography, 2003.
[23] Fotopoulos, G, and Spence, N., Regional variations of firm births,desths and growth patterns in the UK. 1980-1991. Growth and Change, 2001, 32(spring).
[24] Francoise Maurel, Beatrice Sedillot: A Measure of the Geographic Concentration in French Manufacturing Industries, Regional Science and Urban Economics 1999, 29.
[25] Garofoli, G. : The Italian model of spatial development in the 1970s and 1980s', in Benko, G. and Dunford, M.(eds) Industrial change and regional development. The transformation of new industrial spaces, London: Belhaven, 85-101
[26] Giovana, C., and Dini, M.: Small enterprises cluster and network development in developing countries: The experience of UNIDO. Issues Paper of UNIDO, 1999.
[27] Gordon I.R. and McCann P.: Industrial Clusters: Complexes, Agglomeration and/or Social Networks? Urban Studies, 2000.
[28] Grossman, G.M. and Helpman, E.: Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, MIT Press Cambridge, 1991.
[29] Harald Bathelt, Anders Malmberg, Peter Maskell: Clusters and Knowledge: Local Buzz, Global Pipelines and the Process of Knowledge Creation. Working Paper of Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics (DRUID), 2002: 2-12.
[30] Harrison, B.. Industrial Districts: Old Wine in New Bottles? Regional Studies. 1992, 26(5), 469-483
[31] Head, K., J. Ries, and D. Swenson: Aggolmeration Benefits and Location Choice. Journal of International Economics, 1995.
[32] Henderson, J. V.: Efficiency of Resource Usage and City Size. Journal of Urban Economies, 1986, 19(1): 47-70.
[33] Henry G. Overman, Stephen Redding, and Anthony J. Venables: The Economic Geography of Trade, Production and Income: a Survey of Empirics, NBER, working paper, 2001.
[34] Hirschman A. Strategy of Economic Development. Yale University Press. 1958.
[35] Hospers,G., Beugelsdijk,S.: Regional Cluster Policies: Learning by Comparing? [J] Kyklos, 2002.
[36] Ian R.Gordon and Philip McCann:Industrial Clusters: Complexes, Agglomeration and/or Social Network? Urban Studies, 2000,37(3):513-532.
[37] J. Vernon Henderson, Zmarak Shalizi, and Anthony J. Venable: Geography and development. NBER, working paper, 2001.
[38] Johnson, R.: Review of P. Krugman, Environment and Planning, 1992.
[39] Kaldor, N.: The Role of Increasing Returns, Technical Progress and Cumulative Causation in the Theory of International Trade and Economic Growth. Economic Appliquee, 1981.
[40] Khalid Nadvi: Collective Efficiency and Collective Failure: The Response of the Sialkot Surgical Instrument Cluster to Global Quality Pressures [J]. World Development, 1999,9.
[41] Klaesson J.: Monopolistic Competition, Increasing Returns, Agglomeration, and Transport Costs, Regional Science, 2001.
[42] Krugman, P.: Increasing Returns and Economic Geography [J]. Journal of Political Economy, 1991, 99.
[43] Krugman, P.: Sapce: the final frontier, Journal of Economic Perspective, 1998.
[44] Krugman, P.: The Localization of the World Economy, New Perspectives Quarterly Winter, 1995.
[45] Krugman, P.: The localization of the world economy. New Perspectives Quarterly Winter, 1995.
[46] Krugman, P.: Trade, Accumulation, and Uneven Development. Journal of Development Economic, 1981.
[47] Lipton, M. Balanced and Unbalanced Growth in Developing Countries. Economic Journal. 1962, 9.
[48] Lundvall B. A. NationalSystem of Innovation, Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning[M]. London Printer. 1992.
[49] Lynn Mytelka, and Fulvia Farinelli: Local clusters, innovation systems and sustained competitiveness. UNU/INTECH Discussion Papers, 2000.
[50] Martin, P. and Ottaviano, G. I. P.: Growth and Agglomeration. International Economic Review, 2001.
[51] Michael J.Enright, Regional clusters: What we know and what we should know, The University of HongKong, November 2001.
[52] North, D.: Institutional change and economic performance [M].New York: Cambridge University Prss, 1990.
[53] Ottaviano, G.I.P. and J. Thisse.: Agglomeration and Trade Revisited, CEPR Discussion Paper, 1998.
[54] Ottaviano, G.I.P. and Puga, D.: Agglomeration in the Global Economy: a survey of the new economic geography. Working Paper No. 356, Centre of Economic Performance, London School of Economics, August 1997.
[55] Overman, H., Redding, S. and Venables, A.. The Economic Geography of Trade, Production, and Income: A Survey of Empirics. Working Paer. 2001.
[56] Peter Knorriga, Jorg Meyer Stamer. New Dimensionsin Enterprise Cooperation and Development: From Clusters to Industrial Districts. 1998, 10.
[57] Peter Knorringa. Agra: An Old Cluster Facing the New Competition. [J].World Development, 1999, 9.
[58] Philip McCann, Tomokazu Arita, Ian R. Gordon. Industrial clusters, transactions costs and the institutional determinants of MNE location behaviour[J]. International Business Review 11. 2002:647-663.
[59] Philippe Martin and Gianmarco I.P.Ottavino: Growth and Agglomeration, International Economic Review, 2001.
[60] Po-Hsuan Hsu, Joseph Z. Shyu, Hsiao-Cheng YU, Chao-Chen You and Ta-Hsien Lo: Exploring the Interaction Between Incubators and Industrial Clusters: the Case of the [TR] Incubator in Taiwan, R&D Management, 2003.
[61] Porter, M. E.: Clusters and the New Economies of Competition [J]. Harvard Business Review, 1998, 76.
[62] Porter. M. E. : Location, Competition, and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Economy. Economic Development Quarterly. 2000(1):15-35.
[63] Proter, M. E. :The Adam Smith Address: Location, Clusers, and the New Microeconomics of Competition. The National Association of Bustiness Economists, 1998.
[64] R.W. Helsley and W.C. Strange: Agglomeration economies and Matching in a System of Cities, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 1990.
[65] Rauch, J. E.. Comparative Advantage, Geographic Advantage , and the Volume of Trade. NBER Working Papers 3512, National Bureau of Economic Research. 1993.
[66] Rivera-Batiz, F.L.: Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and Agglomeration Economies in Consumption and Production. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 1988.
[67] Scott, A, J. . Industrial Organization and Location:Diivision of Labor, the Firm and Spatial Process. Economic Geography, 1986, 62: 215-231.
[68] Scott, A. :The collective order of flexible production agglomerations: Lesson for economic development policy and strategic choice. Economic Geography, 1992, 68: 219-233.
[69] Scott, A.J. and Storper, M: Industrialization and regional development. In pathways to industrialization and regional development, ed. M. Storper and A. Scott, London: Routledge, 1992.
[70] Scott, A.J. and Storper, M: Regional Development Reconsidered. In Regional Development and Contemporary Industrial Response: Extending Flexible Specialization. ed. H. Emste and V. Meier, London: Belhaven, 1992.
[71] Stuart S. Rosenthal, William C. Strange: The Determinants of Agglomeration, Journal of Urban Economics50, 2001.
[72] Tracey P.: Alliances, Networks and Competitive Strategy: Rethinking Clustes of Innovation. Growth and Change. 2003.
[73] UNIDO, The Italian Experience of Industrial Districts, http://www.unido.org/doc.4310.
[74] Venables,A.J.: Equilibrium locations of vertically linked industries, International Economic Review, 1996.
[75] Venables,A.J.: The assessment: trade and location. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 1998.
[76] 安虎森．增长极理论评述．南开经济研究，1997(1)
[77] 保罗·克鲁格曼．地理和贸易．张兆杰译．北京：北京大学出版社，2000
[78] 蔡宁，杨旭．小企业集群和中小企业的国际化．经济管理·新管理，2002(8)
[79] 蔡孝箴．城市经济学．天津：南开大学出版社，1998
[80] 茶洪旺．区域经济理论新探与中国西部大开发．北京：经济科学出版社．2008
[81] 陈德安．区域经济非均衡增长的可持续性研究：[博士学位论文]．天津：天津大学博士论文，2004
[82] 陈佳贵，王钦．中国产业集群可持续发展与公共政策选择．中国工业经济，2005(9)
[83] 陈建军．产业区域转移与东扩西进战略--理论和实证分析．北京：中华书局，2002
[84] 陈秀山．区域经济协调发展要建立区域互动机制．党政干部学刊，2006(1)
[85] 陈耀．成果举世瞩目 前景振奋人心--西部大开发战略实施七年情况综述．今日中国论坛，2007(1)
[86] 仇保兴．小企业集群研究．上海：复旦大学出版社，1999
[87] 戴宏伟，田学斌，陈永国．区域产业转移研究--以“大北京”经济圈为例．北京：中国物价出版社，2003
[88] 范剑勇．产业集聚与地区差距：来自中国的证据．中国社会科学评论，2003(3)
[89] 符正平．论企业集群的产生条件与形成机制．中国工业经济，2002(10)
[90] 盖文启．创新网络--区域经济发展新思维．北京：北京大学出版社，2002
[91] 高志刚．区域经济差异预警：理论、应用和调控．中国软科学．2002(11)
[92] 高志刚．中国区域经济发展及区域经济差异研究述评．当代财经，2002(5)
[93] 顾强，任宝，张彦明．产业集群与品牌互动发展实证研究．中国产业集群(第3辑)．北京：机械工业出版社，2005
[94] 郭凤典，刘志高．我国典型地方产业集群及其存在的潜在问题．江汉论坛，2003(5)
[95] 国家统计局．重庆承接产业转移存在的问题及对策．2008年9月9日．http://www.cq.xinhuanet.com/2008/2008-09/09/content_14308826_5.htm
[96] 何雄浪．产业集群与区域经济发展探析．南方论丛，2006，12(4)
[97] 胡鞍钢．中国：走向区域协调发展．国务院发展研究中心信息网．2007年10月29日. http://www.drcnet.com.cn/DRCNet.Channel.Web/expert/showdoc.asp?doc_id=199234
[98] 黄治国．印度软件人才培养极其启示．高等工程教育研究，2005(6)
[99] 吉利斯，帕金斯，罗默，斯诺德格拉斯．发展经济学．北京．经济科学出版社，1989
[100] 蒋清海．区域经济发展的若干理论问题．财经问题研究，1995(6)
[101] 景后寅，李杰．产业集群强 则拒绝发展快--河北省培育发展产业集群的调查．中国县域经济报，2008-8-14(012)
[102] 李京文．走向21世纪的中国区域经济．南宁：广西人民出版社，1999
[103] 李凯，李世杰．我国产业集群分类的研究综述与进一步探讨．当代财经，2005
[104] 梁琦．产业集聚论．北京：商务印书馆，2004
[105] 刘朝明，靳景玉，杨玉明．西部区域增长极培养与形成条件的判断．经济学动态，2004(9)
[106]刘恒江，陈继祥．国外产业集群政策研究综述．外国经济与管理，2004，26(11)
[107]刘力，程华强．产业集群生命周期演化的动力机制研究．上海经济研究，2006(6)
[108]刘世锦．产业集聚及其对经济发展的意义．改革，2003(3)
[109]刘世锦．中国产业集群发展报告(2007-2008)．北京：中国发展出版社．2008
[110]刘文国，王欲鸣，杨一苗．西部地区对外开放中存在的问题及对策分析．新疆企业信息平台，2006-10-31
[111]陆大道．地区合作与地区经济协调发展．地域研究与开发，1997(1)
[112]路爱国．国外产业政策研究若干新进展．经济学动态，2006(10)
[113]罗勇，曹丽莉．中国制造业集聚程度变动趋势实证研究．经济研究，2005(8)
[114]骆静，聂鸣．发展中国家集群比较分析及启示．外国经济与管理，2002(3)
[115]马春辉．产业集群的发展与城市化．经济问题，2004(3)
[116]马歇尔．经济学原理．朱志泰译．北京：商务印书馆，1965
[117]迈克尔·E．波特．簇群与新竞争经济学．经济社会体制比较，2000(2)
[118]迈克尔·E．波特．国家竞争优势．李明轩译．北京：华夏出版社，2002
[119]迈克尔·波特．竞争论．北京：中信出版社，2003
[120]倪鹏飞．政府促进产业集群的十大陷阱．理论参考，2006(9)
[121]倪鹏飞．中国城市竞争力报告(第3辑)．北京：社科文献出版社，2005
[122]钱志新．产业集群的理论与实践：基于中国区域经济发展的实证研究．北京：中国财政经济出版社，2004
[123]秦海霞．“小狗经济”的惊人能量．小康，2007(2)：60
[124]权衡，王琤，陶希东．中国区域经济：统筹协调发展．上海：上海人民出版社，2007
[125]沈玉芳，张超．加入WTO后我国地区产业调控机制和模式的转型研究--兼论区域产业群落理论和地区生产综合体理论的替代关系，2002，11(1)
[126]沈正平．产业集群与区域经济发展研究．中国软科学，2004(2)
[127]隋广军，申明浩．产业集聚生命周期演进的动态分析．经济学动态，2004(11)
[128]孙伟，黄鲁成．产业群技术创新动力分析．软科学，2003，17(2)
[129]藤田昌久，雅克-弗朗科斯·蒂斯．集聚经济学 城市 产业区位与区域增长．成都：西南财经大学出版社，2004
[130]王缉慈．创新的空间：企业集群与区域发展．北京：北京大学出版社，2001
[131]王琴梅．转型期区域非均衡协调发展的机制及其构建制度创新：[博士学位论文]．西安：西北大学博士论文．2006
[132]王亭亭．浅谈京津翼区域经济协调发展．光明日报，2002-7-16
[133]王文锦．中国区域协调发展研究：[博士学位论文]．北京：中共中央党校博士论文，2001
[134]王小刚．印度软件业迅速崛起的启示．北京工业大学学报(社会科学版)，2008，8(3)
[135]魏后凯．对产业集群与竞争力的考察．经济管理．新管理，2003(6)
[136]魏后凯．区域经济发展的新格局．昆明：云南人民出版社，1995
[137]魏后凯．我国产业集聚的特点、存在问题及对策．经济学动态，2004(9)
[138]魏后凯．中国产业集聚与集群发展战略．北京：经济管理出版社，2008
[139]魏守华．集群竞争力的动力机制以及实证分析．中国工业经济，2002(10)
[140]温家宝．开拓创新 扎实工作 不断开创西部大开发的新局面．人民日报，2005-2-5
[141]吴德进．产业集群论．北京：社会科学文献出版社，2005
[142]吴勤堂．产业集群与区域经济发展耦合机理分析．管理世界．2004(2)
[143]吴学利，魏后凯．产业集群研究的最新进展及理论前沿．上海行政学院学报，2004，5(3)
[144]吴永红，保建云．论企业集聚、扩张的区域效应．西南民族学院学报，2001(3)
[145]西部大开发“十一五”规划．中国西部开发网．http://www.chinawest.gov.cn/web/NewsInfo.asp?NewsId=35013
[146]杨建梅，冯广森．东莞台资IT企业集群产业结构剖析．中国工业经济，2002(8)
[147]易训华．产业集群的技术创新机制初探．现代财经，2004(12)
[148]余东华，赵可亭．论产业集群的形成机理与竞争优势．甘肃理论学刊，2004(5)
[149]张道根．“断层危机”与西部开发的引擎拉动．上海经济研究，1999(4)
[150]张敦富，覃成林．中国区域经济差异与协调发展．北京：中国轻工业出版社，2001
[151]张敦富．区域经济学原理．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1999
[152]张宏伟．产业集群研究的新进展．经济理论与经济管理，2004(4)
[153]张杰，刘东．我国地方产业集群的升级路径：基于组织分工架构的一个初步分析．中国工业经济，2006(5)
[154]张培刚．发展经济学教程．北京：经济科学出版社，2001
[155]赵玮，王韬，李德功．论中部地区产业集聚与城市化互动．地域研究与开发，2006(4)
[156]中国区域创新能力报告2006-2007．北京：知识产权出版社，2007
[157]周兵，蒲勇键．产业集群的增长经济学解释．中国软科学．2003(5)
[158]朱英明．产业集聚论．北京：经济科学出版社，2003
[2] Anthony J. Venables. : Cities and trade : external trade and internal geography in developing economies NBER, working paper ,2000.
[3] Anthony J. Venables.: Regionlism and Economic Development, Lacea, 2001.
[4] Baptista, R., and Swann P.: Do Firms in Clusters Innovate More. Research Policy. 1998,27.
[5] Best, Michael H. Cluster Dynamic. The New Competitive Advantage: The Renewal of American Industry[M]. Oxford University Press,2001, 3.
[6] Camagni, R.:The Concept of Innovative Milieu and Its Relevance for Public Policies in European Lagging Regions [J].The Journal of the RSAI. 1995, 74(4):317-340.
[7] Capello R.:Spatial Transfer of Knowledge in Hi-Tech Milieux: Learning Versus Collective Learning Progresses [J].Regional Studies 1999, 33:352-365.
[8] Carie, A.S.: From Integrated Enterprises to Regional Clusters: the Changing Basis of Competition, Computers in Industry, 2000.
[9] Catherine Beaudry and Peter Swann.: Growth in industrial cluster: a bird's eye view of the United Kingdom. SIEPR Discussion Paper. 2001.
[10] Chiarvesio, M. and Micellli, S. . Networks without technologies in industrial districts of Northeast Italy. In Age Mariussen, eds, Cluster Policies-Cluster Development? Stockholm, 2001: 79-91.
[11] Ciccone, A.: Agglomeration Effects in Europe, European Economic Review, 2002.
[12] Coffey, W.J. and Shearmur, R.G.: Agglomeration and Dispersion of High-order Service Employment in the Montreal Metropolitan Region, 1981-96, Urban Studies, 2002.
[13] Cooke, P and Schienstock G.: Structural Competitiveness and Learning Region[J].Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies. 2000, 1(3)265-280.
[14] Danny Quah: Demand-driven Knowledge Clusters in a Weightless Economy, LSE Economics Department, Working Paper, 2001.
[15] David L. Barkley and Mark S. Henry : Industry Agglomerations and Employment Change In Non-Metropolitan Areas, RURDS, 1999.
[16] David Newlands: Competetion and Cooperation in Industrial Clusters: The Implications for Public Policy, European Planning Studies, 2003.
[17] Dorothy McCormic: African Enterprise Clusters and Industrialization: Theory and Reality. World Development, 1999, 9.
[ 18] DRI/McGraw-Hill. America's Clusters, Lexington, MA:DRI/McGraw-Hill, 1995.
[19] Eaton, B.C. and Lipsey, R.G.: An Economic Theory of Central Places, Economic Journal, 1982.
[20] Ellison,G. , and Glaeser, E.L.: Geographic Concentration in US Manufacturing Industries: Advantage Explain Agglomeration? ,The American Economic Review, 1999.
[21] Ennifer Bair: Local Clusters in Global Chains: The Causes and Consequences of Export Dynamism in Torreon's Blue Jeans Industry. World Development, 2001, 11.
[22] Fan, C. and Scott, A. J.: Industrial agglomeration and development: A survey of spatial issues in East Asia and a statistical analysis of Chinese regions. Economic Geography, 2003.
[23] Fotopoulos, G, and Spence, N., Regional variations of firm births,desths and growth patterns in the UK. 1980-1991. Growth and Change, 2001, 32(spring).
[24] Francoise Maurel, Beatrice Sedillot: A Measure of the Geographic Concentration in French Manufacturing Industries, Regional Science and Urban Economics 1999, 29.
[25] Garofoli, G. : The Italian model of spatial development in the 1970s and 1980s', in Benko, G. and Dunford, M.(eds) Industrial change and regional development. The transformation of new industrial spaces, London: Belhaven, 85-101
[26] Giovana, C., and Dini, M.: Small enterprises cluster and network development in developing countries: The experience of UNIDO. Issues Paper of UNIDO, 1999.
[27] Gordon I.R. and McCann P.: Industrial Clusters: Complexes, Agglomeration and/or Social Networks? Urban Studies, 2000.
[28] Grossman, G.M. and Helpman, E.: Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, MIT Press Cambridge, 1991.
[29] Harald Bathelt, Anders Malmberg, Peter Maskell: Clusters and Knowledge: Local Buzz, Global Pipelines and the Process of Knowledge Creation. Working Paper of Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics (DRUID), 2002: 2-12.
[30] Harrison, B.. Industrial Districts: Old Wine in New Bottles? Regional Studies. 1992, 26(5), 469-483
[31] Head, K., J. Ries, and D. Swenson: Aggolmeration Benefits and Location Choice. Journal of International Economics, 1995.
[32] Henderson, J. V.: Efficiency of Resource Usage and City Size. Journal of Urban Economies, 1986, 19(1): 47-70.
[33] Henry G. Overman, Stephen Redding, and Anthony J. Venables: The Economic Geography of Trade, Production and Income: a Survey of Empirics, NBER, working paper, 2001.
[34] Hirschman A. Strategy of Economic Development. Yale University Press. 1958.
[35] Hospers,G., Beugelsdijk,S.: Regional Cluster Policies: Learning by Comparing? [J] Kyklos, 2002.
[36] Ian R.Gordon and Philip McCann:Industrial Clusters: Complexes, Agglomeration and/or Social Network? Urban Studies, 2000,37(3):513-532.
[37] J. Vernon Henderson, Zmarak Shalizi, and Anthony J. Venable: Geography and development. NBER, working paper, 2001.
[38] Johnson, R.: Review of P. Krugman, Environment and Planning, 1992.
[39] Kaldor, N.: The Role of Increasing Returns, Technical Progress and Cumulative Causation in the Theory of International Trade and Economic Growth. Economic Appliquee, 1981.
[40] Khalid Nadvi: Collective Efficiency and Collective Failure: The Response of the Sialkot Surgical Instrument Cluster to Global Quality Pressures [J]. World Development, 1999,9.
[41] Klaesson J.: Monopolistic Competition, Increasing Returns, Agglomeration, and Transport Costs, Regional Science, 2001.
[42] Krugman, P.: Increasing Returns and Economic Geography [J]. Journal of Political Economy, 1991, 99.
[43] Krugman, P.: Sapce: the final frontier, Journal of Economic Perspective, 1998.
[44] Krugman, P.: The Localization of the World Economy, New Perspectives Quarterly Winter, 1995.
[45] Krugman, P.: The localization of the world economy. New Perspectives Quarterly Winter, 1995.
[46] Krugman, P.: Trade, Accumulation, and Uneven Development. Journal of Development Economic, 1981.
[47] Lipton, M. Balanced and Unbalanced Growth in Developing Countries. Economic Journal. 1962, 9.
[48] Lundvall B. A. NationalSystem of Innovation, Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning[M]. London Printer. 1992.
[49] Lynn Mytelka, and Fulvia Farinelli: Local clusters, innovation systems and sustained competitiveness. UNU/INTECH Discussion Papers, 2000.
[50] Martin, P. and Ottaviano, G. I. P.: Growth and Agglomeration. International Economic Review, 2001.
[51] Michael J.Enright, Regional clusters: What we know and what we should know, The University of HongKong, November 2001.
[52] North, D.: Institutional change and economic performance [M].New York: Cambridge University Prss, 1990.
[53] Ottaviano, G.I.P. and J. Thisse.: Agglomeration and Trade Revisited, CEPR Discussion Paper, 1998.
[54] Ottaviano, G.I.P. and Puga, D.: Agglomeration in the Global Economy: a survey of the new economic geography. Working Paper No. 356, Centre of Economic Performance, London School of Economics, August 1997.
[55] Overman, H., Redding, S. and Venables, A.. The Economic Geography of Trade, Production, and Income: A Survey of Empirics. Working Paer. 2001.
[56] Peter Knorriga, Jorg Meyer Stamer. New Dimensionsin Enterprise Cooperation and Development: From Clusters to Industrial Districts. 1998, 10.
[57] Peter Knorringa. Agra: An Old Cluster Facing the New Competition. [J].World Development, 1999, 9.
[58] Philip McCann, Tomokazu Arita, Ian R. Gordon. Industrial clusters, transactions costs and the institutional determinants of MNE location behaviour[J]. International Business Review 11. 2002:647-663.
[59] Philippe Martin and Gianmarco I.P.Ottavino: Growth and Agglomeration, International Economic Review, 2001.
[60] Po-Hsuan Hsu, Joseph Z. Shyu, Hsiao-Cheng YU, Chao-Chen You and Ta-Hsien Lo: Exploring the Interaction Between Incubators and Industrial Clusters: the Case of the [TR] Incubator in Taiwan, R&D Management, 2003.
[61] Porter, M. E.: Clusters and the New Economies of Competition [J]. Harvard Business Review, 1998, 76.
[62] Porter. M. E. : Location, Competition, and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Economy. Economic Development Quarterly. 2000(1):15-35.
[63] Proter, M. E. :The Adam Smith Address: Location, Clusers, and the New Microeconomics of Competition. The National Association of Bustiness Economists, 1998.
[64] R.W. Helsley and W.C. Strange: Agglomeration economies and Matching in a System of Cities, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 1990.
[65] Rauch, J. E.. Comparative Advantage, Geographic Advantage , and the Volume of Trade. NBER Working Papers 3512, National Bureau of Economic Research. 1993.
[66] Rivera-Batiz, F.L.: Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and Agglomeration Economies in Consumption and Production. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 1988.
[67] Scott, A, J. . Industrial Organization and Location:Diivision of Labor, the Firm and Spatial Process. Economic Geography, 1986, 62: 215-231.
[68] Scott, A. :The collective order of flexible production agglomerations: Lesson for economic development policy and strategic choice. Economic Geography, 1992, 68: 219-233.
[69] Scott, A.J. and Storper, M: Industrialization and regional development. In pathways to industrialization and regional development, ed. M. Storper and A. Scott, London: Routledge, 1992.
[70] Scott, A.J. and Storper, M: Regional Development Reconsidered. In Regional Development and Contemporary Industrial Response: Extending Flexible Specialization. ed. H. Emste and V. Meier, London: Belhaven, 1992.
[71] Stuart S. Rosenthal, William C. Strange: The Determinants of Agglomeration, Journal of Urban Economics50, 2001.
[72] Tracey P.: Alliances, Networks and Competitive Strategy: Rethinking Clustes of Innovation. Growth and Change. 2003.
[73] UNIDO, The Italian Experience of Industrial Districts, http://www.unido.org/doc.4310.
[74] Venables,A.J.: Equilibrium locations of vertically linked industries, International Economic Review, 1996.
[75] Venables,A.J.: The assessment: trade and location. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 1998.
[76] 安虎森．增长极理论评述．南开经济研究，1997(1)
[77] 保罗·克鲁格曼．地理和贸易．张兆杰译．北京：北京大学出版社，2000
[78] 蔡宁，杨旭．小企业集群和中小企业的国际化．经济管理·新管理，2002(8)
[79] 蔡孝箴．城市经济学．天津：南开大学出版社，1998
[80] 茶洪旺．区域经济理论新探与中国西部大开发．北京：经济科学出版社．2008
[81] 陈德安．区域经济非均衡增长的可持续性研究：[博士学位论文]．天津：天津大学博士论文，2004
[82] 陈佳贵，王钦．中国产业集群可持续发展与公共政策选择．中国工业经济，2005(9)
[83] 陈建军．产业区域转移与东扩西进战略--理论和实证分析．北京：中华书局，2002
[84] 陈秀山．区域经济协调发展要建立区域互动机制．党政干部学刊，2006(1)
[85] 陈耀．成果举世瞩目 前景振奋人心--西部大开发战略实施七年情况综述．今日中国论坛，2007(1)
[86] 仇保兴．小企业集群研究．上海：复旦大学出版社，1999
[87] 戴宏伟，田学斌，陈永国．区域产业转移研究--以“大北京”经济圈为例．北京：中国物价出版社，2003
[88] 范剑勇．产业集聚与地区差距：来自中国的证据．中国社会科学评论，2003(3)
[89] 符正平．论企业集群的产生条件与形成机制．中国工业经济，2002(10)
[90] 盖文启．创新网络--区域经济发展新思维．北京：北京大学出版社，2002
[91] 高志刚．区域经济差异预警：理论、应用和调控．中国软科学．2002(11)
[92] 高志刚．中国区域经济发展及区域经济差异研究述评．当代财经，2002(5)
[93] 顾强，任宝，张彦明．产业集群与品牌互动发展实证研究．中国产业集群(第3辑)．北京：机械工业出版社，2005
[94] 郭凤典，刘志高．我国典型地方产业集群及其存在的潜在问题．江汉论坛，2003(5)
[95] 国家统计局．重庆承接产业转移存在的问题及对策．2008年9月9日．http://www.cq.xinhuanet.com/2008/2008-09/09/content_14308826_5.htm
[96] 何雄浪．产业集群与区域经济发展探析．南方论丛，2006，12(4)
[97] 胡鞍钢．中国：走向区域协调发展．国务院发展研究中心信息网．2007年10月29日. http://www.drcnet.com.cn/DRCNet.Channel.Web/expert/showdoc.asp?doc_id=199234
[98] 黄治国．印度软件人才培养极其启示．高等工程教育研究，2005(6)
[99] 吉利斯，帕金斯，罗默，斯诺德格拉斯．发展经济学．北京．经济科学出版社，1989
[100] 蒋清海．区域经济发展的若干理论问题．财经问题研究，1995(6)
[101] 景后寅，李杰．产业集群强 则拒绝发展快--河北省培育发展产业集群的调查．中国县域经济报，2008-8-14(012)
[102] 李京文．走向21世纪的中国区域经济．南宁：广西人民出版社，1999
[103] 李凯，李世杰．我国产业集群分类的研究综述与进一步探讨．当代财经，2005
[104] 梁琦．产业集聚论．北京：商务印书馆，2004
[105] 刘朝明，靳景玉，杨玉明．西部区域增长极培养与形成条件的判断．经济学动态，2004(9)
[106]刘恒江，陈继祥．国外产业集群政策研究综述．外国经济与管理，2004，26(11)
[107]刘力，程华强．产业集群生命周期演化的动力机制研究．上海经济研究，2006(6)
[108]刘世锦．产业集聚及其对经济发展的意义．改革，2003(3)
[109]刘世锦．中国产业集群发展报告(2007-2008)．北京：中国发展出版社．2008
[110]刘文国，王欲鸣，杨一苗．西部地区对外开放中存在的问题及对策分析．新疆企业信息平台，2006-10-31
[111]陆大道．地区合作与地区经济协调发展．地域研究与开发，1997(1)
[112]路爱国．国外产业政策研究若干新进展．经济学动态，2006(10)
[113]罗勇，曹丽莉．中国制造业集聚程度变动趋势实证研究．经济研究，2005(8)
[114]骆静，聂鸣．发展中国家集群比较分析及启示．外国经济与管理，2002(3)
[115]马春辉．产业集群的发展与城市化．经济问题，2004(3)
[116]马歇尔．经济学原理．朱志泰译．北京：商务印书馆，1965
[117]迈克尔·E．波特．簇群与新竞争经济学．经济社会体制比较，2000(2)
[118]迈克尔·E．波特．国家竞争优势．李明轩译．北京：华夏出版社，2002
[119]迈克尔·波特．竞争论．北京：中信出版社，2003
[120]倪鹏飞．政府促进产业集群的十大陷阱．理论参考，2006(9)
[121]倪鹏飞．中国城市竞争力报告(第3辑)．北京：社科文献出版社，2005
[122]钱志新．产业集群的理论与实践：基于中国区域经济发展的实证研究．北京：中国财政经济出版社，2004
[123]秦海霞．“小狗经济”的惊人能量．小康，2007(2)：60
[124]权衡，王琤，陶希东．中国区域经济：统筹协调发展．上海：上海人民出版社，2007
[125]沈玉芳，张超．加入WTO后我国地区产业调控机制和模式的转型研究--兼论区域产业群落理论和地区生产综合体理论的替代关系，2002，11(1)
[126]沈正平．产业集群与区域经济发展研究．中国软科学，2004(2)
[127]隋广军，申明浩．产业集聚生命周期演进的动态分析．经济学动态，2004(11)
[128]孙伟，黄鲁成．产业群技术创新动力分析．软科学，2003，17(2)
[129]藤田昌久，雅克-弗朗科斯·蒂斯．集聚经济学 城市 产业区位与区域增长．成都：西南财经大学出版社，2004
[130]王缉慈．创新的空间：企业集群与区域发展．北京：北京大学出版社，2001
[131]王琴梅．转型期区域非均衡协调发展的机制及其构建制度创新：[博士学位论文]．西安：西北大学博士论文．2006
[132]王亭亭．浅谈京津翼区域经济协调发展．光明日报，2002-7-16
[133]王文锦．中国区域协调发展研究：[博士学位论文]．北京：中共中央党校博士论文，2001
[134]王小刚．印度软件业迅速崛起的启示．北京工业大学学报(社会科学版)，2008，8(3)
[135]魏后凯．对产业集群与竞争力的考察．经济管理．新管理，2003(6)
[136]魏后凯．区域经济发展的新格局．昆明：云南人民出版社，1995
[137]魏后凯．我国产业集聚的特点、存在问题及对策．经济学动态，2004(9)
[138]魏后凯．中国产业集聚与集群发展战略．北京：经济管理出版社，2008
[139]魏守华．集群竞争力的动力机制以及实证分析．中国工业经济，2002(10)
[140]温家宝．开拓创新 扎实工作 不断开创西部大开发的新局面．人民日报，2005-2-5
[141]吴德进．产业集群论．北京：社会科学文献出版社，2005
[142]吴勤堂．产业集群与区域经济发展耦合机理分析．管理世界．2004(2)
[143]吴学利，魏后凯．产业集群研究的最新进展及理论前沿．上海行政学院学报，2004，5(3)
[144]吴永红，保建云．论企业集聚、扩张的区域效应．西南民族学院学报，2001(3)
[145]西部大开发“十一五”规划．中国西部开发网．http://www.chinawest.gov.cn/web/NewsInfo.asp?NewsId=35013
[146]杨建梅，冯广森．东莞台资IT企业集群产业结构剖析．中国工业经济，2002(8)
[147]易训华．产业集群的技术创新机制初探．现代财经，2004(12)
[148]余东华，赵可亭．论产业集群的形成机理与竞争优势．甘肃理论学刊，2004(5)
[149]张道根．“断层危机”与西部开发的引擎拉动．上海经济研究，1999(4)
[150]张敦富，覃成林．中国区域经济差异与协调发展．北京：中国轻工业出版社，2001
[151]张敦富．区域经济学原理．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1999
[152]张宏伟．产业集群研究的新进展．经济理论与经济管理，2004(4)
[153]张杰，刘东．我国地方产业集群的升级路径：基于组织分工架构的一个初步分析．中国工业经济，2006(5)
[154]张培刚．发展经济学教程．北京：经济科学出版社，2001
[155]赵玮，王韬，李德功．论中部地区产业集聚与城市化互动．地域研究与开发，2006(4)
[156]中国区域创新能力报告2006-2007．北京：知识产权出版社，2007
[157]周兵，蒲勇键．产业集群的增长经济学解释．中国软科学．2003(5)
[158]朱英明．产业集聚论．北京：经济科学出版社，2003