VTS模拟器中交通流模型的研究
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摘要
VTS人员培训的目的在于让培训者具备使用VTS的资格,而在人员培训中模拟器扮演着很重要的角色。模拟器练习可以提高VTS值班人员的技术水平与管理能力,从而保障船舶交通安全,提高船舶运输效率,保证水域安全。
VTS模拟器中,交通流的设置是VTS值班人员进行人机交互的重要辅助手段,且交通流仿真的逼真度对VTS值班人员的设备操作和应急处理的能力有很大的影响,因此逼真的交通流是VTS模拟器研究的重要内容。本课题在对交通流模型理论的研究与分析基础上,采用大连港相关资料和数据,构建了符合大连港实际交通状况的船舶交通流模型。本文的研究内容如下：
1.根据大连港进出船舶的实际数据,利用基于AIS的交通观测方法统计出大连港交通量规律、交通流生成规律、船舶间时距规律、锚地与泊位服务时间规律等。
2.基于大连港统计数据建立交通流子模型,包括：OD交通流模型、航路分配模型、交通流生成模型、船舶航行与避让模型及锚地与泊位服务模型。
3.本文以电子海图为平台,建立了符合大连港的交通流模型,并且通过仿真结果和实际数据对比分析,初步验证了模型的合理性。
The purpose of VTS personnel training is to let trainee get enough qualification. VTS simulator plays an important role in the personnel training. The exercise can improve the technology level and management capability of the person, so it can enhance the safety of shipping traffic, increase the efficiency of shipping transportation and ensure the ship safety at sea.
In the VTS simulator, the setting of the traffic flow has become a major auxiliary means in the human-computer interaction for the trainees. The fidelity of traffic flow simulation has a great effect on the operation ability and emergency response ability of the VTS trainees, so the traffic flow with high realism is an important part of the study of VTS simulator. This thesis builds a traffic flow model which is in accordance with the practices of Dalian port based on the study and analysis of the theory of traffic model. The main contents in the thesis are as follows:
1. Based on the actual data of ship entering and leaving Dalian port, we get the statistics using the investigated method based on the information of AIS and find the distribution law of traffic, the law of interval between two vessels, the generation law of traffic flow, the service law of anchorage and berthing.
2. Based on the statistical data of Dalian port, this thesis builds the models of traffic flow and integrates the models with the simulation sofware. The models included the traffic flow model from origin to destination, the distribution model of seaway, the generation model of traffic flow, the model of vessel collision avoidance, the service model of anchorage and berthing.
3. This thesis builds a traffic flow model by using electronic chart as a platform.By comparing and analyzing simulation result with actual data, the models are verified preliminarily.
VTS模拟器中,交通流的设置是VTS值班人员进行人机交互的重要辅助手段,且交通流仿真的逼真度对VTS值班人员的设备操作和应急处理的能力有很大的影响,因此逼真的交通流是VTS模拟器研究的重要内容。本课题在对交通流模型理论的研究与分析基础上,采用大连港相关资料和数据,构建了符合大连港实际交通状况的船舶交通流模型。本文的研究内容如下：
1.根据大连港进出船舶的实际数据,利用基于AIS的交通观测方法统计出大连港交通量规律、交通流生成规律、船舶间时距规律、锚地与泊位服务时间规律等。
2.基于大连港统计数据建立交通流子模型,包括：OD交通流模型、航路分配模型、交通流生成模型、船舶航行与避让模型及锚地与泊位服务模型。
3.本文以电子海图为平台,建立了符合大连港的交通流模型,并且通过仿真结果和实际数据对比分析,初步验证了模型的合理性。
The purpose of VTS personnel training is to let trainee get enough qualification. VTS simulator plays an important role in the personnel training. The exercise can improve the technology level and management capability of the person, so it can enhance the safety of shipping traffic, increase the efficiency of shipping transportation and ensure the ship safety at sea.
In the VTS simulator, the setting of the traffic flow has become a major auxiliary means in the human-computer interaction for the trainees. The fidelity of traffic flow simulation has a great effect on the operation ability and emergency response ability of the VTS trainees, so the traffic flow with high realism is an important part of the study of VTS simulator. This thesis builds a traffic flow model which is in accordance with the practices of Dalian port based on the study and analysis of the theory of traffic model. The main contents in the thesis are as follows:
1. Based on the actual data of ship entering and leaving Dalian port, we get the statistics using the investigated method based on the information of AIS and find the distribution law of traffic, the law of interval between two vessels, the generation law of traffic flow, the service law of anchorage and berthing.
2. Based on the statistical data of Dalian port, this thesis builds the models of traffic flow and integrates the models with the simulation sofware. The models included the traffic flow model from origin to destination, the distribution model of seaway, the generation model of traffic flow, the model of vessel collision avoidance, the service model of anchorage and berthing.
3. This thesis builds a traffic flow model by using electronic chart as a platform.By comparing and analyzing simulation result with actual data, the models are verified preliminarily.
引文
[1]IALA Guideline No.1027 On Simulation in VTS Training[EB/OL]. http://www.iala-aism. org/iala/publications/documentspdf/doc_98_eng. pdf.
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[4]邱奇.对进一步加强我国VTS监管的思考[J].水运科学研究.2010,1：39-42.
[5]张耀伟,翟洪良.对国内VTS人员培训现状的思考[C].中国航海学会通信导航专业委会2005年学术年会论文集.2005：31-35.
[6]Jin-Soo. PAPK. Education and Training of VTS Operator [C].1994-2011 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.1998.
[7]http//www. marin.nl/web/Facilities-Tools/Simulators/Simulator-Facilities .htm[EB/OL].
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[9]B. A. Colley, R. G.Curtis and C. T. Stockel A Marine Traffic Flow and Collision Avoidance Computer Simulation[J].1983(2):232-250.
[10]Sean Bourdon. A Maritime Traffic Simulation[M] Canada:Centre for Operational Research and Analysis,2007.
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[45]廖鹏.内河船舶交通流量的时空分布特性[J].水利水运工程学报,2009,(2)：33-38.
[46]Jason R. W. Merrick, J. Rene van Dorp. A traffic density analysis of proposed ferry service expansion in San Francisco Bay using a maritime simulation model [J], Reliability Engineering and System Safety.2003:119-132.
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[2]Vessel Traffic Services On the-Job Instructor Training [EB/OL]. http://www. amcs-earch. com. au/courses/vessel-traffic-services/vessel-traffic-services-on-the-jo b-instructor-training/.
[3]李大友.对我国VTS操作员培训现状的思考[C].中国航海学会航标专业委员会第七届大会论文集.2003：334-338.
[4]邱奇.对进一步加强我国VTS监管的思考[J].水运科学研究.2010,1：39-42.
[5]张耀伟,翟洪良.对国内VTS人员培训现状的思考[C].中国航海学会通信导航专业委会2005年学术年会论文集.2005：31-35.
[6]Jin-Soo. PAPK. Education and Training of VTS Operator [C].1994-2011 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.1998.
[7]http//www. marin.nl/web/Facilities-Tools/Simulators/Simulator-Facilities .htm[EB/OL].
[8]http//www.km.kongsberg.com/ks/web/nokbg0240.nsf/AllWeb/lEA9575B66858EC3C12 56DCD00492F02?OpenDocument[EB/OL].
[9]B. A. Colley, R. G.Curtis and C. T. Stockel A Marine Traffic Flow and Collision Avoidance Computer Simulation[J].1983(2):232-250.
[10]Sean Bourdon. A Maritime Traffic Simulation[M] Canada:Centre for Operational Research and Analysis,2007.
[11]http://news.nauticexpo.com/press/transas-marine-international/amc-search-assists-with-the-new-transas-vts-simulator-22918-191793.html[EB/OL].
[12]王胜正,施朝健,石永辉等.VTS值班人员操作、训练、评估系统[EB/OL].2009.
[13]Michael D. Ciletti,. Traffic Models for use in Vessel Traffic Systems[C] International interdisciplinary conference.1978,5(6):25-29.
[14]Law A, Kelton W. Simulation Modeling and Analysis [M]. NewYork:McGraw-Hill,2000.
[15]Yi Zhang, Jun Ma, Chaojian Shi, Q. hu. Study on Integration of VTS Simulator into Net System of Ship-handling Simulators[J]. International Journal on Marine navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation.2007,1(4):381-385.
[16]Dimitris Pachakis and Anne S. Kiremidjian. Ship Traffic Modeling Methodology for Ports[J].Journal of waterway port coastal and ocean engineering.2003,129(5) :193-201.
[17]杉崎昭生.模拟实验的通航量,浦贺航道交通实际情况调查报告[R].1967：176-185.
[19]西欧船舶交通管理研究-ECCOST301(Ⅱ)交通管理组织(Ⅰ).航海技术.1988,3(7)：22-25.
[20]Birnur Ozbas Ilhan Or. Analysis and control of maritime transit traffic through thelstanbul channel:a simulation approach Springer-Verlay [J]. Central European Journal of Operations Research 2007,15:235-252.
[21]O. S. Uluscu, B. Ozbas, T. Altiok, I. orandA.O. Almaz. Vessel Traffic in the Strait of Istanbul Springer[J].2009:189-207.
[22]T. P. Sethuraman and Granapathy Chettiar.Artificial Neural Network in Marine Traffic Modeling Modwell Journal[J]. Research Journal of Applied Sciences.2007, 2(10):1043-1047.
[23]Jason R.W. Merrick, J.Rene van Dorp, Joseph P.Blackford. A traffic density analysis of proposed ferry service expansion in San Francisco Bay using a maritime simulation model[J].Reliability Engineering & system.2003,81 (2):119-132.
[24]郝世杰,杨守仁,方祥麟.海上交通系统GPSS模拟及应用[J].大连海事大学学报.1986,12(4)：1-11.
[25]方祥麟,姚杰,卓永强.船舶交通与操纵安全系统评价模型与方法[M].大连：大连海事大学出版社,2003.
[26]金一丞,赵艺声.海上交通模拟在大连港水域的VTS方案可行性论述中的应用[J].大连海运学院学报.1992,18(1)：61-68.
[27]赵艺声,方祥麟,杨守仁.海上交通网络模型微一宏观模拟[J].大连海运学院学报.1989,15(1)：20-24.
[28]方祥麟,赵艺声,谷伟等.基于电子海图技术的海上交通动态模拟[J].交通与计算机.1993,6：1-5.
[29]翁跃宗.船舶交通流宏观评价模型的探讨[J].集美航海学院学报.1994,12(1)：19-23.
[30]吴发林,方祥麟.基于OD船舶交通模拟的研究[J]..大连海事大学学报.1998,24(4)：10-13.
[31]邵长丰,方祥麟.船舶交通流的流体模型[J].大连海事大学学报.2002,28(1)：52-55.
[32]叶铂.基于MAS的船舶交通流仿真[D]：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学.
[33]Xiao yingjie, Zhanghao, Lisong. Dynamic Data Driven Multi-Agent Simulation in Maritime traffic[J]. International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering.2009:234-237.
[34]杨神化,施朝健,关克平等基于MAS和SHS智能港口交通流模拟系统的开发与研究[J].系统仿真学报.2007,19(2)：289-299.
[35]严飞,潘明阳,王德强等.基于智能体和元胞自动机的海上交通流模拟[J].大连海事大学学报.2009,35(2)：89-92.
[36]张如凯.海上搜救通信仿真系统的研究与仿真[D]：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学.
[37]Jingxian Liu, FengZhou, Maoqing Wang. Simulation of Waterway traffic flow at harbor based on the ship behavior and cellular automata[C].2010 International Conference on Aritificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence.2010: 542-546.
[38]徐钟济.蒙特卡罗方法[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社,1985.
[39]郑小燕,丁恒,刘拥辉等.基于Monte-Carlo算法的交通流仿真[J].合肥工业大学学报.2009,32(9)：1374-1377.
[40]张连东.基于AIS数据的成山头水域船舶交通流研究[D]：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学.
[41]Ming-Cheng Tsou. Discovering Knowledge from AIS Database for Application in VTS The journal of navigation [J].2010,63:449-469.
[42]吴兆麟.海上交通工程[M].大连：大连海事大学出版社,1993.
[43]吴兆麟,朱军.海上交通工程[M].大连：大连海事大学出版社,2004.
[44]刘敬贤,李云斌.天津港主航运船舶到达规律的统计分析[J].武汉理工大学学报.2008,(2)：351-357.
[45]廖鹏.内河船舶交通流量的时空分布特性[J].水利水运工程学报,2009,(2)：33-38.
[46]Jason R. W. Merrick, J. Rene van Dorp. A traffic density analysis of proposed ferry service expansion in San Francisco Bay using a maritime simulation model [J], Reliability Engineering and System Safety.2003:119-132.
[47]刘敬贤,韩晓宝.渤海海峡船舶流的调查与分析[J]船舶工程.2008,37(4)：95-98.
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