人参发根诱导及高产发根无性系的筛选研究
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摘要
本试验建立了人参发根适宜的诱导方法。采用菌液针刺、菌脓涂抹和菌液共培养等方法,利用发根农杆菌A_4对吉参1号的根、茎及叶等外植体进行发根诱导试验。人参茎、叶、叶柄及幼根等外植体间,人参幼根诱导率高;不同诱导方法,以菌液滴加法对人参发根的诱导率最高。结果表明,以人参二年生根片菌液滴加法诱导发根较好。利用rolC基因特异引物从人参发根R9923系基因组中扩增出0.8kb DNA片段,表明,其确为发根农杆菌A_4诱导的转化根。
     进行了高产发根R9923系的筛选研究。将生长较快的几个发根系进行液体培养,R9923系生长速率最高为28.8倍,发根干重最高达28.4克/L,总皂苷含量为1.52%,总皂苷产量高达0.432g/L。通过对各发根系生长速率、发根干重和总皂苷含量与产量等性状的综合比较,确定了高产人参发根R9923系。
     进行了发根系R9923生物产量及其皂苷的关系研究。发根生物量的形成大约经历以下时期:延迟生长期,对数生长期,直线生长期与减慢期。高效液相色谱分析表明,人参发根在整个生长期间,均有持续、稳定合成人参皂苷的能力,皂苷含量的变化与发根生长的周期性和培养液中糖等营养成分的消长有关,发根中皂苷的积累随生物量的增加而大幅度提高,二者呈正相关。
     优化了发根的培养条件,并初步研究了人参发根工厂化生产工艺,为人参发根工厂化生产奠定了理论基础。发根继代培养宜在N/5固体培养基上,悬浮培养液为1/2MS;发根培养时在2周前须进行补料,以保证发根的正常生长和皂苷的积累。发根种子罐接种量为3~5克,培养时间约2周,次级培养罐接种量为30克左右,再培养2周,即可转入生产罐中进行皂苷的生产,直至4周后采收。
In this paper a methode was established in the co-culture of 2-year-old root explant of Panax ginseng and A4 strain of Agobacterium rhizogenes and a high-yielding clone of hairy roots R9923 was induced. A 0.8kb DNA fragment of rolC gene was amplified by PCR via the template of the R9923 genome. The result showed that R9923 was exactly a transformed hairy root of A4 strain.
    Selection of high-yielding clone R9923 were also studied. The hairy root of R9923 clone had a highest growth rate of 28.8; the highest dry weight of 28.4g/L; total ginsenoside contents of 1.52% of dry weight and total gisenosede yielding of 0.432g/L via the synthetic comparition of the growth of rate; dry weight; total ginsenside content and yielding.
    The growth of hairy root had retarding period; logarithmic period; the lineer period and the slow period. The ginsenoside contents of hairy root R9923 detected by HPLC showed that it had continuous produtive ability and stable ginsenoside content. The varition of ginsenoside contents of hairy root was related to the cyclicty of growth and the dissolving of carbohydrates etc. and the accumulation of ginsenosides had a positive relation to the increation of biomass.
    In the factory production of hairy root R9923 an inocuration of 3~5g was suitable in the first culture tank for 2 weeks, an inocuration of 30g was suitable in the second culture tank for 2 weeks and then hairy root was cultured in the production tank for 4 weeks till harvest.
引文
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