酵母β-葡聚糖的制备及其对霉菌毒素去毒效果的研究
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摘要
本试验以废啤酒酵母为原料,探讨高压均质-酶碱法制备酵母β-葡聚糖的最佳工艺条件,并研究酵母β-葡聚糖对饲喂霉变玉米日粮肉仔鸡生长性能、器官指数及血清指标的影响。试验分为两个部分:
试验一酵母β-葡聚糖制备的工艺条件研究
本试验采用高压均质与酶碱法相结合的方法制备酵母β-葡聚糖,以多糖纯度为评价指标,确定最佳工艺条件为:将浓度为15%的酵母悬浊液高压均质处理后,离心收集沉淀,按120 U/g酵母细胞壁残渣添加木瓜蛋白酶,pH6.0、55℃酶解6 h后离心,以2 ml/g沉淀物加入3%NaOH溶液,90℃处理2 h,水洗至中性,离心后沉淀物37℃烘干。此条件下多糖得率10.5%,多糖纯度为85.4%。
试验二霉变日粮中添加酵母葡聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能、器官指数及血清指标的影响
本试验旨在研究酵母β-葡聚糖对饲喂霉变日粮肉仔鸡生长性能、血清指标及器官指数的影响。选用180只体重接近的4日龄肉仔鸡随机分成5组,分别为对照组(基础日粮组)、发霉饲料组(即日粮中的正常玉米由发霉玉米替代)、试验组Ⅰ(发霉饲料+0.05%酵母β-葡聚糖)、试验组Ⅱ(发霉饲料+0.10%酵母β-葡聚糖)、试验组Ⅲ(发霉饲料+0.15%酵母β-葡聚糖),试验期为21d。结果表明:发霉玉米日粮中低剂量的霉菌毒素对肉仔鸡生长性能无影响,但可导致肝脏、心脏和脾脏肿胀,胸腺和法氏囊萎缩及血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮浓度降低;在发霉玉米日粮中添加0.05%~0.15%的酵母葡聚糖,能降低发霉玉米中霉菌毒素对内脏器官的毒害作用,使器官指数和血清指标基本恢复到正常水平。
The experiment was conducted to prepareβ-glucan by high pressure homogenization-enzyme-alkaline method from waste beer yeast and study the effects of yeastβ-glucan added in Mold-contaminated Feed on growth performance, organ and serum indices of broilers.The experiment included two parts: Exp.1 Preparation of Yeastβ-glucan by High pressure homogenization- Enzyme-Alkaline Method
Theβ-glucan was isolated by High pressure homogenization-Enzyme- Alkaline method from waste beer yeast. The relative preparation conditions were as follows: yeast liquid (its concentration as 15%) was treated by Highpressure homogenization. The precipitate obtained through centrifugation. 120 U/g(substrate) papain was added in the precipitate, then the mixture was treated isothermally at pH6.0 and 55℃with 6 h. The precipitate obtained through centrifugation again. 3%NaOH solution was added into the precipitate(solution:solids=2:1). The mixture was treated isothermally at 90℃with 2 h. After centrifuged,the precipitate was adjusted to pH7.0. The product was obtained through centrifugation and drying. The final yield and purity ofβ-glucan were 10.5% and 85.4%.
Exp.2 Effects of Yeastβ-glucan Added in Mold-contaminated Feed on Growth Performance, Organ and Serum Indices of Broilers
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of yeastβ-glucan added in Mold-contaminated Feed on orowth performance, organ and serum indices of broilers. 180 broiler chicks(4-day-old)were randomly divided into 5 treatments:control(basal diet),Mold-contaminated feed (moldy corn added in basal diet),testⅠ(mold-contaminated feed+0.05%β-glucan), TestⅡ(mold-contaminated feed+0.05%β-glucan), testⅢ(mold- contaminated feed+0.05%β-glucan),and the experiment lasted for 21 days. The result showed that growth performance of broiler fed mold-contaminated feed was no difference; weights of liver, heart and spleen were significantly increased, and weights of thymus and bursa were reduced; the contents total protein,albumin and blood usea nitrogen in serum in serum were decreased. With 0.05%~0.15% yeastβ-glucan added in mold-contaminated feed, organ morphology and serum indices returned to normal levels.
试验一酵母β-葡聚糖制备的工艺条件研究
本试验采用高压均质与酶碱法相结合的方法制备酵母β-葡聚糖,以多糖纯度为评价指标,确定最佳工艺条件为:将浓度为15%的酵母悬浊液高压均质处理后,离心收集沉淀,按120 U/g酵母细胞壁残渣添加木瓜蛋白酶,pH6.0、55℃酶解6 h后离心,以2 ml/g沉淀物加入3%NaOH溶液,90℃处理2 h,水洗至中性,离心后沉淀物37℃烘干。此条件下多糖得率10.5%,多糖纯度为85.4%。
试验二霉变日粮中添加酵母葡聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能、器官指数及血清指标的影响
本试验旨在研究酵母β-葡聚糖对饲喂霉变日粮肉仔鸡生长性能、血清指标及器官指数的影响。选用180只体重接近的4日龄肉仔鸡随机分成5组,分别为对照组(基础日粮组)、发霉饲料组(即日粮中的正常玉米由发霉玉米替代)、试验组Ⅰ(发霉饲料+0.05%酵母β-葡聚糖)、试验组Ⅱ(发霉饲料+0.10%酵母β-葡聚糖)、试验组Ⅲ(发霉饲料+0.15%酵母β-葡聚糖),试验期为21d。结果表明:发霉玉米日粮中低剂量的霉菌毒素对肉仔鸡生长性能无影响,但可导致肝脏、心脏和脾脏肿胀,胸腺和法氏囊萎缩及血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮浓度降低;在发霉玉米日粮中添加0.05%~0.15%的酵母葡聚糖,能降低发霉玉米中霉菌毒素对内脏器官的毒害作用,使器官指数和血清指标基本恢复到正常水平。
The experiment was conducted to prepareβ-glucan by high pressure homogenization-enzyme-alkaline method from waste beer yeast and study the effects of yeastβ-glucan added in Mold-contaminated Feed on growth performance, organ and serum indices of broilers.The experiment included two parts: Exp.1 Preparation of Yeastβ-glucan by High pressure homogenization- Enzyme-Alkaline Method
Theβ-glucan was isolated by High pressure homogenization-Enzyme- Alkaline method from waste beer yeast. The relative preparation conditions were as follows: yeast liquid (its concentration as 15%) was treated by Highpressure homogenization. The precipitate obtained through centrifugation. 120 U/g(substrate) papain was added in the precipitate, then the mixture was treated isothermally at pH6.0 and 55℃with 6 h. The precipitate obtained through centrifugation again. 3%NaOH solution was added into the precipitate(solution:solids=2:1). The mixture was treated isothermally at 90℃with 2 h. After centrifuged,the precipitate was adjusted to pH7.0. The product was obtained through centrifugation and drying. The final yield and purity ofβ-glucan were 10.5% and 85.4%.
Exp.2 Effects of Yeastβ-glucan Added in Mold-contaminated Feed on Growth Performance, Organ and Serum Indices of Broilers
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of yeastβ-glucan added in Mold-contaminated Feed on orowth performance, organ and serum indices of broilers. 180 broiler chicks(4-day-old)were randomly divided into 5 treatments:control(basal diet),Mold-contaminated feed (moldy corn added in basal diet),testⅠ(mold-contaminated feed+0.05%β-glucan), TestⅡ(mold-contaminated feed+0.05%β-glucan), testⅢ(mold- contaminated feed+0.05%β-glucan),and the experiment lasted for 21 days. The result showed that growth performance of broiler fed mold-contaminated feed was no difference; weights of liver, heart and spleen were significantly increased, and weights of thymus and bursa were reduced; the contents total protein,albumin and blood usea nitrogen in serum in serum were decreased. With 0.05%~0.15% yeastβ-glucan added in mold-contaminated feed, organ morphology and serum indices returned to normal levels.
引文
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