东北三省外贸结构及其优化问题研究
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摘要
在从计划经济向市场经济转轨的过程中,东北三省体制性和结构性矛盾日益突出,发展滞缓,经济位次不断后移,被称之为“东北现象”[1]。如何促进东北经济的振兴成为我国经济发展的重要问题之一。以内向型经济为主的东北经济,必须放开思路,面对国际市场的挑战,大力发展对外贸易,与世界接轨。
自重商学派的外贸思想诞生以来,西方各经济流派的外贸理论得到不断发展,贸易产生的动因以及外贸结构的优化成为国内外经济理论研究的重点内容之一。大部分理论和研究认为外贸结构和经济增长的关系是互相作用,互为因果的。这些研究大都围绕着外贸结构是否能够促进经济增长展开,忽略了经济增长对外贸结构的反作用。然而,外贸结构的变动并不是随着时间的推移自动发生的,而是在其不能满足经济增长对外贸贡献的要求时,相应发生的改变。因此,经济增长也是促使外贸结构变迁的重要原因,外贸结构要适应经济增长的要求。
从内容上看,论文主要分为三个方面,一是为什么优化,二是如何优化,三是具体的对策建议;从结构上看,论文分为七个部分。
第一部分是相关的文献综述。
第二部分主要研究了外贸结构和区域经济的相关理论,从中总结了外贸结构演变的规律。
第三部分对东北三省外贸结构的演变过程,运用统计学方法、对比分析法进行了研究,针对东北三省外贸结构的现状,从贸易规模、贸易结构以及贸易竞争力等方面入手,总结了其存在的问题及问题的成因。
第四部分根据相关理论研究以及20年东北三省GDP的增长率和外贸商品结构,对东北三省的经济发展阶段进行了划分,并总结了不同经济发展阶段,外贸结构的特征。分析了东北三省外贸结构失衡对区域经济增长的影响以及优化外贸结构的意义。
第五、六、七部分,总结了国内外发达地区优化外贸结构的成功经验,及当前东北三省区域经济发展状况对外贸结构的要求,分析出东北三省外贸结构优化的趋势与方向,并提出了优化思路与对策建议。
在上述研究中,本文较为系统地总结了区域经济增长促使外贸结构变迁的一般规律与作用机理,并尝试以此为理论基础对东北三省外贸结构优化提出了较为可行的政策建议。就理论价值而言,这些研究对我国对外贸易理论的发展具有较为重要的推动意义;就实践价值而言,本文在客观分析东北三省外贸结构与区域经济发展失衡问题的基础上,根据经济增长促进外贸结构变迁的基础理论提出优化东北三省外贸结构的趋势、方向及具体思路,无疑也具有较为深远的现实意义。
From planned economy to market economy, the systematic and structural contradiction of three Northeast provinces is conspicuous day by day, such as development has stagnated and economic ranking has been backward, known as "Northeast phenomenon." How to promote the economy of the Northeast area of china turns to be a very important issue. The domestically-oriented economy of Northeast area of China must face the challenge from the world market, develop foreign trade, and comply with the world.
Since the Mercantilist school, many kinds of western foreign trade theory developed. The foreign trade motive and the foreign trade optimization are discussed mostly, especially for the relationship between foreign trade structure and economic growth. Most theories and researches hold that foreign trade structure and economic growth interact with each other. Most of them which consider foreign trade structure as a motive for the economic growth directly or indirectly, studied whether foreign trade structure has promoted economic growth, and neglected the counter effects of the economic growth on foreign trade structure. However, the foreign trade structure in a country can not change with time naturally, and it changes correspondingly only when it can not meet the demand of the economic growth. Therefore, economic growth is also a motive for the foreign trade change in a country, and foreign trade structure should fulfill the demand of the economic growth.
From the content, this paper includes three parts: first, why optimization; second, how to optimize; third, put forward the specific countermeasures. And from the structures, this paper includes seven parts.
The first part is relevant literatures.
The second part summarized the process of foreign trade structures on the bases of researching on the theories of foreign trade and regional economics.
The third part used statistical methods and comparative analysis to analyze the process of three northeast provinces’foreign trade structures. And start with trade scale, trade structures and trade competitiveness, then due to the analyzing of the status of three northeast provinces’foreign trade structures, summarized the problems and its origins.
The forth part divided three northeast provinces’economic stage of development, and summarized different characteristics of development stage and foreign trade structures according to researching on the relevant theories and growth rate of northeastern areas’GDP for 20 years and its commodity structures of foreign trade. And analyzed the effects on three northeast provinces’economic growth due to unbalanced foreign trade structures, also, explore the significance for optimizing foreign trade structures. At last, according to the present status of economic development stage, put forward aims for foreign trade structures’optimization.
The fifth part to the seventh part summarized experiences of foreign trade structures’optimization from developed regions both of abroad and domestic. Combining with aims which summarized from the above part, these three parts analyzed the trends and directions of foreign trade structures’optimization in northeast areas, and then put forward strategies and countermeasures for optimizations.
In all these parts, this paper systematically summarizes the regional economic growth prompted foreign trade structure with the general rule of change mechanism and try to this as the theoretical basis for the three northeast provinces trade structure optimization suggests a more viable policy Suggestions. Is concerned, these studies theoretical value for the development of the theory of China's foreign trade.Pactical value, based on an objective analysis in three provinces in northeast China foreign trade structure and regional economic development on the basis of the imbalances, according to economic growth promoting foreign trade structure change fundamental theory hypothesis propose optimization northeast three provinces trade structure trend, direction and concrete ideas, no doubt also have more profound realistic significance.
自重商学派的外贸思想诞生以来,西方各经济流派的外贸理论得到不断发展,贸易产生的动因以及外贸结构的优化成为国内外经济理论研究的重点内容之一。大部分理论和研究认为外贸结构和经济增长的关系是互相作用,互为因果的。这些研究大都围绕着外贸结构是否能够促进经济增长展开,忽略了经济增长对外贸结构的反作用。然而,外贸结构的变动并不是随着时间的推移自动发生的,而是在其不能满足经济增长对外贸贡献的要求时,相应发生的改变。因此,经济增长也是促使外贸结构变迁的重要原因,外贸结构要适应经济增长的要求。
从内容上看,论文主要分为三个方面,一是为什么优化,二是如何优化,三是具体的对策建议;从结构上看,论文分为七个部分。
第一部分是相关的文献综述。
第二部分主要研究了外贸结构和区域经济的相关理论,从中总结了外贸结构演变的规律。
第三部分对东北三省外贸结构的演变过程,运用统计学方法、对比分析法进行了研究,针对东北三省外贸结构的现状,从贸易规模、贸易结构以及贸易竞争力等方面入手,总结了其存在的问题及问题的成因。
第四部分根据相关理论研究以及20年东北三省GDP的增长率和外贸商品结构,对东北三省的经济发展阶段进行了划分,并总结了不同经济发展阶段,外贸结构的特征。分析了东北三省外贸结构失衡对区域经济增长的影响以及优化外贸结构的意义。
第五、六、七部分,总结了国内外发达地区优化外贸结构的成功经验,及当前东北三省区域经济发展状况对外贸结构的要求,分析出东北三省外贸结构优化的趋势与方向,并提出了优化思路与对策建议。
在上述研究中,本文较为系统地总结了区域经济增长促使外贸结构变迁的一般规律与作用机理,并尝试以此为理论基础对东北三省外贸结构优化提出了较为可行的政策建议。就理论价值而言,这些研究对我国对外贸易理论的发展具有较为重要的推动意义;就实践价值而言,本文在客观分析东北三省外贸结构与区域经济发展失衡问题的基础上,根据经济增长促进外贸结构变迁的基础理论提出优化东北三省外贸结构的趋势、方向及具体思路,无疑也具有较为深远的现实意义。
From planned economy to market economy, the systematic and structural contradiction of three Northeast provinces is conspicuous day by day, such as development has stagnated and economic ranking has been backward, known as "Northeast phenomenon." How to promote the economy of the Northeast area of china turns to be a very important issue. The domestically-oriented economy of Northeast area of China must face the challenge from the world market, develop foreign trade, and comply with the world.
Since the Mercantilist school, many kinds of western foreign trade theory developed. The foreign trade motive and the foreign trade optimization are discussed mostly, especially for the relationship between foreign trade structure and economic growth. Most theories and researches hold that foreign trade structure and economic growth interact with each other. Most of them which consider foreign trade structure as a motive for the economic growth directly or indirectly, studied whether foreign trade structure has promoted economic growth, and neglected the counter effects of the economic growth on foreign trade structure. However, the foreign trade structure in a country can not change with time naturally, and it changes correspondingly only when it can not meet the demand of the economic growth. Therefore, economic growth is also a motive for the foreign trade change in a country, and foreign trade structure should fulfill the demand of the economic growth.
From the content, this paper includes three parts: first, why optimization; second, how to optimize; third, put forward the specific countermeasures. And from the structures, this paper includes seven parts.
The first part is relevant literatures.
The second part summarized the process of foreign trade structures on the bases of researching on the theories of foreign trade and regional economics.
The third part used statistical methods and comparative analysis to analyze the process of three northeast provinces’foreign trade structures. And start with trade scale, trade structures and trade competitiveness, then due to the analyzing of the status of three northeast provinces’foreign trade structures, summarized the problems and its origins.
The forth part divided three northeast provinces’economic stage of development, and summarized different characteristics of development stage and foreign trade structures according to researching on the relevant theories and growth rate of northeastern areas’GDP for 20 years and its commodity structures of foreign trade. And analyzed the effects on three northeast provinces’economic growth due to unbalanced foreign trade structures, also, explore the significance for optimizing foreign trade structures. At last, according to the present status of economic development stage, put forward aims for foreign trade structures’optimization.
The fifth part to the seventh part summarized experiences of foreign trade structures’optimization from developed regions both of abroad and domestic. Combining with aims which summarized from the above part, these three parts analyzed the trends and directions of foreign trade structures’optimization in northeast areas, and then put forward strategies and countermeasures for optimizations.
In all these parts, this paper systematically summarizes the regional economic growth prompted foreign trade structure with the general rule of change mechanism and try to this as the theoretical basis for the three northeast provinces trade structure optimization suggests a more viable policy Suggestions. Is concerned, these studies theoretical value for the development of the theory of China's foreign trade.Pactical value, based on an objective analysis in three provinces in northeast China foreign trade structure and regional economic development on the basis of the imbalances, according to economic growth promoting foreign trade structure change fundamental theory hypothesis propose optimization northeast three provinces trade structure trend, direction and concrete ideas, no doubt also have more profound realistic significance.
引文
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