汽车整车性能测试分析系统的研究与开发
摘要
随着汽车制造行业的发展和激烈的市场竞争,许多汽车生产厂商不断的开展了大量的试验研究工作,以求提高汽车的质量和推出新颖产品。因此对汽车试验仪器的需求也是越来越高。但是,在当前的测试领域中,传统的测试系统由于本身所固有的诸多弊端变得越来越不能适应现代测试的要求。同时随着计算机和软件技术的快速发展,虚拟仪器正在逐渐成为测试领域的发展方向。本课题针对现有机动车性能检测仪器的不足,利用虚拟仪器技术的柔性和可扩展性等优点,开发了汽车的整车性能测试分析系统。
论文首先叙述了国内外机动车性能检测系统的发展概况,简要介绍了虚拟仪器技术的应用现状与前景,说明了课题的研究意义。然后论述系统所建立的理论依据和用到的主要器件。最后根据汽车各性能的评价指标,采用NI公司软、硬件构建了汽车整车性能的测试分析系统。系统利用LabVIEW软件设计的人性化界面,很好地发挥了虚拟仪器的数据采集、数据测试与分析以及结果输出显示的三大功能,能够实现实时显示、事后数据分析、数据曲线绘制等功能。并且由于NI硬件轻巧便捷,该测试系统可在道路实验中,直接对汽车的性能进行测试。
此外,论文的测试系统进行了可行性与适用性实验。测试结果表明系统性能稳定,复现性能良好,能较精确和稳定地反映实验数据。论文还详细研究了实验的步骤和实验中需要注意的问题。
With the development of automobile industry and the drastic competition of market, many automobile manufacturers have been carrying out a lot of experiments and study continually in order to enhance the quality of production and invent the new production. So more and more automobile experiment instruments are required. But,in the field of modern vehicle performance test , traditional measuring system can not meet the need of modern test because of its inheernt shortcomings.At the same time,with the development of computer hardware and software, virtual instrument has become the developing tendency of measurement field. In this paper, aiming at the shortocming of test sysetm used in our country ,the use of the advantage of virtual instrument are made to develop the test system of automobile.
Firstly,the paper analyzes the situation and development of vehicle capability test system home and aborad the actual application states and foreground of the virtual instrument technology in brief.Based on virtual instrument technology, the automobile measurement system,such as dynamic performance and fuel economy, is set up to improve the current testing methods whose results are not humanization. The system which is developed with LabVIEW and consists of notebook pc, sensors, sample-and-hold accessory and data acquisition card, can valuate the automobile dynamic performance , fuel economy, smoothness and so on, including the display of velocity, acceleration, distance, fuel consumption per 100km and curve of data.
The feasibility and practicability was proved by experiments and error analysis on this system. The results show that the system has a stable and repeatable performance, can reflect the test data exactly.
论文首先叙述了国内外机动车性能检测系统的发展概况,简要介绍了虚拟仪器技术的应用现状与前景,说明了课题的研究意义。然后论述系统所建立的理论依据和用到的主要器件。最后根据汽车各性能的评价指标,采用NI公司软、硬件构建了汽车整车性能的测试分析系统。系统利用LabVIEW软件设计的人性化界面,很好地发挥了虚拟仪器的数据采集、数据测试与分析以及结果输出显示的三大功能,能够实现实时显示、事后数据分析、数据曲线绘制等功能。并且由于NI硬件轻巧便捷,该测试系统可在道路实验中,直接对汽车的性能进行测试。
此外,论文的测试系统进行了可行性与适用性实验。测试结果表明系统性能稳定,复现性能良好,能较精确和稳定地反映实验数据。论文还详细研究了实验的步骤和实验中需要注意的问题。
With the development of automobile industry and the drastic competition of market, many automobile manufacturers have been carrying out a lot of experiments and study continually in order to enhance the quality of production and invent the new production. So more and more automobile experiment instruments are required. But,in the field of modern vehicle performance test , traditional measuring system can not meet the need of modern test because of its inheernt shortcomings.At the same time,with the development of computer hardware and software, virtual instrument has become the developing tendency of measurement field. In this paper, aiming at the shortocming of test sysetm used in our country ,the use of the advantage of virtual instrument are made to develop the test system of automobile.
Firstly,the paper analyzes the situation and development of vehicle capability test system home and aborad the actual application states and foreground of the virtual instrument technology in brief.Based on virtual instrument technology, the automobile measurement system,such as dynamic performance and fuel economy, is set up to improve the current testing methods whose results are not humanization. The system which is developed with LabVIEW and consists of notebook pc, sensors, sample-and-hold accessory and data acquisition card, can valuate the automobile dynamic performance , fuel economy, smoothness and so on, including the display of velocity, acceleration, distance, fuel consumption per 100km and curve of data.
The feasibility and practicability was proved by experiments and error analysis on this system. The results show that the system has a stable and repeatable performance, can reflect the test data exactly.
引文
[1] 黄岩.汽车检测技术的发展趋势.汽车维修与保养,2004,(6):42 ~ 43
[2] Citorn S.J.Cylinder by Cylinder Engine Pressure and Perssure Torque Waveform Deterrniation Utilizing Fluctuation. Automatic,1992,(16):153 ~ 168
[3] Isemrnna R.Process Fault Detection Based on Modeling and Estimatino Methods- Survey[J].Automatic, 1984,(20): 216 ~228
[4] 顾国瑞.汽车检测诊断技术的应用与发展[J].云南交通科技,2000,16(1):1~ 4
[5] 肖永清.国内外汽车检测技术发展状况[J].中国机电工业,2003,(18):37 ~38
[6] 周天佑.汽车检测技术发展概况[J].汽车维护与修理,2002,(05):8~10
[7] 李军.汽车使用性能与检测技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.7~9
[8] 赵忠宪.谈现代汽车检测技术及其发展趋势[J].汽车与社会,2003,(23):16 ~18
[9] 周天佑.汽车检测技术发展方向的探讨[J].中国汽车维修市场,2001,(23):22 ~ 24
[10] 王平,黄惟一.测试仪器的发展方向.工业仪表自动化装置,2003,(6):66 ~ 68
[11] 顾柏良,苏清祖,魏学颜,等.汽车工程手册·试验篇.北京:人民交通出版社,2000.1 ~ 3
[12] 严一平.虚拟仪器技术和发展趋势〔J〕.上海计量测试,2005,(03):16 ~ 17
[13] 曹玲芝.现代测试技术及虚拟仪器[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,2004.65 ~ 67
[14] 李忠明,杨建祥.虚拟仪器的技术特征与发展[J].咸宁师专学报,2000,20(3):22 ~ 26
[15] Marcin.Stegawski,Rolf Schauman.A New Virtual-Instrumentation-Based Experimenting Environment for Undergraduate Laboratorise with Apliaction in Research and Measurement, 1998,47(6):1503 ~ 1506
[16] Guichu W.Virtual Instruments and Their Aplication in Experiments[J].proc.of ICEMI:1086 ~ 1092
[17] I.Djurovie,LJ.Stankovie.A Virtual Instrument for Time-Frequency Analysis[J]. IEEE,1999,48(6): 1026 ~ 1032
[18] Halit Eren,Chun Che Fung.A Virtual Instrumentation or Electric Drive System for Automation and Testing[J]. IEEE,2000:1500 ~ 1505
[19] 陈兵舫,杨乐平.虚拟仪器编程基础-VISA 标准与应用.航空计测技术,1998,8(4):29 ~32
[20] 张羽.虚拟仪器的技术研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2000
[21] 樊强,徐运涛.虚拟仪器测试系统简介.现代军事通讯,2001,9(1):16 ~19
[22] 陆劲昆译.LabVIEW 图形编程.第 2 版.北京:北京大学出版社,2002.32 ~ 48
[23] National Instruments Corp.VXIbus Seminar. Austin, Texas USA.January 1998.80 ~ 94
[24] National Instruments Corp.PXI E Series User Manual.Austin, Texas USA.July 1998.14 ~28
[25] National Instruments Corp.Signal Processing Toolset Reference Manual.Austin, Texas USA.January 1999.25 ~85
[26] 乔瑞萍,林欣译.LabVIEW6.0 实用教程.第 2 版.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.28 ~53
[27] 陈敏.虚拟仪器软件 LabVIEW 在仪器控制中的应用.宇航计测技术,1999,19(1):32~36
[28] 陈敏,汤晓安.虚拟仪器软件 LabVIEW 与数据采集.小型微型计算机系统,2001,(3):501~503
[29] 鲍晓峰.汽车试验与检测.北京:机械工业出版社,1995.24 ~33
[30] 黄河.汽车电喷系统基本原理.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2003.135 ~140
[31] 金一庆,陈越.数值方法.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.132 ~ 138
[32] 张贤达.现代信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,1995.442 ~ 474
[33] 吴湘淇.信号系统与信号处理.北京:电子工业出版社,1996.55 ~ 97
[34] 贝达特.皮尔索(美)著,陵福根译.随机数据分析方法.北京:国防工业出版社.1976.325 ~335
[35] 秦叶,陈文戈,原锡光,等.大型机组振动信号的采集与典型故障的诊断.广东工业大学学报,1997,14(1):71 ~ 75
[36] National Instruments Corp.LabVIEW User Manual.Austin, Texas USA.January 1998.49 ~ 444
[37] 吴淼.现代工程信号处理及应用.北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1997.98 ~ 109
[38] 刘朝红,韩进,杨洪余.中轻型载重汽车动力性分析应用软件.本溪冶金高等专科学校学报,1999,1(2):36 ~39
[39] National Instruments Corp.SC-2040 User Manual(Eight-Channel Simultaneous Sample-and-Hold Accessory).Austin, Texas USA.September 1994.1~ 40
[40] National Instruments Corp.DAQCard E Series User Manual(Multifunction I/O Cards for PCMCIA)Austin, Texas USA.March 1999.1~ 74
[41] 赵永立.基于 LabVIEW 的车辆振动分析系统研究:[硕士学位论文].天津:河北工业大学,2003
[42] 汤华,刘庆明,刘长林.存储测试数据处理软件的设计及应用.华北工学院测试技术学报,2001,15(1):35 ~ 39
[43] 张海藩.软件工程导论.第 4 版.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.68 ~129
[44] 吴湘淇.信号系统与信号处理.北京:电子工业出版社,1996.51 ~ 54
[45] 李科杰.新编传感器技术手册.北京:国防工业出版社,2002.486 ~ 542
[46] Taskashi Seckino,Toshiyuki Okayasu. Ultra Hi-Speed pin——Electronics and test Station Using Ga as IC. IEEE.ITC,1994.683 ~ 690
[47] Avtometriya.Dynamic automobile model in the real time.2000.108 ~ 115
[48] Test and Measurement.Dynamic test system for automobile working condition Proceedings of the International Symposium.1997.246 ~ 248
[49] 张贤达.现代信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,1995.442 ~ 474
[50] 庄表中,刘明杰.工程振动学.北京:高等教育出版社,1989.7~ 10
[51] 赵永立.基于 LabVIEW 的车辆振动分析系统研究:[硕士学位论文].天津:河北工业大学,2003
[52] Zimochz.Sensitivity Analysis of Vibrating Systems.Journalof Soundand Vibration.1987(3):447~458
[53]Thomas,Kenny M.QuantifyingTire,Rim,and Vehicle Effectson Ride Quanlity.SAETransactions.1989, 5(8):1~ 9
[54] 姜永生,陈立伟. 电控喷油器喷射过程的计算模拟:[硕士学位论文].江西:南昌大学学报(工科版),2002
[55] 中华人民共和国专业标准 ZB T10 001-87,轿车、轻型货车燃油消耗量试验方法. 北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[56] 高红华,陈学东,钱文军.汽车平顺性的建模分析及研究.工程设计学报,2003,10(6):321~ 325
[57] 李士松,高荫峰,潘文军.考虑阻尼非线性汽车平顺性预测.北方交通大学学报,1997,21(4):459 ~ 461
[58] 王平,黄惟一.测试仪器的发展方向.工业仪表自动化装置,2003,(6):66 ~ 68
[2] Citorn S.J.Cylinder by Cylinder Engine Pressure and Perssure Torque Waveform Deterrniation Utilizing Fluctuation. Automatic,1992,(16):153 ~ 168
[3] Isemrnna R.Process Fault Detection Based on Modeling and Estimatino Methods- Survey[J].Automatic, 1984,(20): 216 ~228
[4] 顾国瑞.汽车检测诊断技术的应用与发展[J].云南交通科技,2000,16(1):1~ 4
[5] 肖永清.国内外汽车检测技术发展状况[J].中国机电工业,2003,(18):37 ~38
[6] 周天佑.汽车检测技术发展概况[J].汽车维护与修理,2002,(05):8~10
[7] 李军.汽车使用性能与检测技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.7~9
[8] 赵忠宪.谈现代汽车检测技术及其发展趋势[J].汽车与社会,2003,(23):16 ~18
[9] 周天佑.汽车检测技术发展方向的探讨[J].中国汽车维修市场,2001,(23):22 ~ 24
[10] 王平,黄惟一.测试仪器的发展方向.工业仪表自动化装置,2003,(6):66 ~ 68
[11] 顾柏良,苏清祖,魏学颜,等.汽车工程手册·试验篇.北京:人民交通出版社,2000.1 ~ 3
[12] 严一平.虚拟仪器技术和发展趋势〔J〕.上海计量测试,2005,(03):16 ~ 17
[13] 曹玲芝.现代测试技术及虚拟仪器[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,2004.65 ~ 67
[14] 李忠明,杨建祥.虚拟仪器的技术特征与发展[J].咸宁师专学报,2000,20(3):22 ~ 26
[15] Marcin.Stegawski,Rolf Schauman.A New Virtual-Instrumentation-Based Experimenting Environment for Undergraduate Laboratorise with Apliaction in Research and Measurement, 1998,47(6):1503 ~ 1506
[16] Guichu W.Virtual Instruments and Their Aplication in Experiments[J].proc.of ICEMI:1086 ~ 1092
[17] I.Djurovie,LJ.Stankovie.A Virtual Instrument for Time-Frequency Analysis[J]. IEEE,1999,48(6): 1026 ~ 1032
[18] Halit Eren,Chun Che Fung.A Virtual Instrumentation or Electric Drive System for Automation and Testing[J]. IEEE,2000:1500 ~ 1505
[19] 陈兵舫,杨乐平.虚拟仪器编程基础-VISA 标准与应用.航空计测技术,1998,8(4):29 ~32
[20] 张羽.虚拟仪器的技术研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2000
[21] 樊强,徐运涛.虚拟仪器测试系统简介.现代军事通讯,2001,9(1):16 ~19
[22] 陆劲昆译.LabVIEW 图形编程.第 2 版.北京:北京大学出版社,2002.32 ~ 48
[23] National Instruments Corp.VXIbus Seminar. Austin, Texas USA.January 1998.80 ~ 94
[24] National Instruments Corp.PXI E Series User Manual.Austin, Texas USA.July 1998.14 ~28
[25] National Instruments Corp.Signal Processing Toolset Reference Manual.Austin, Texas USA.January 1999.25 ~85
[26] 乔瑞萍,林欣译.LabVIEW6.0 实用教程.第 2 版.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.28 ~53
[27] 陈敏.虚拟仪器软件 LabVIEW 在仪器控制中的应用.宇航计测技术,1999,19(1):32~36
[28] 陈敏,汤晓安.虚拟仪器软件 LabVIEW 与数据采集.小型微型计算机系统,2001,(3):501~503
[29] 鲍晓峰.汽车试验与检测.北京:机械工业出版社,1995.24 ~33
[30] 黄河.汽车电喷系统基本原理.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2003.135 ~140
[31] 金一庆,陈越.数值方法.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.132 ~ 138
[32] 张贤达.现代信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,1995.442 ~ 474
[33] 吴湘淇.信号系统与信号处理.北京:电子工业出版社,1996.55 ~ 97
[34] 贝达特.皮尔索(美)著,陵福根译.随机数据分析方法.北京:国防工业出版社.1976.325 ~335
[35] 秦叶,陈文戈,原锡光,等.大型机组振动信号的采集与典型故障的诊断.广东工业大学学报,1997,14(1):71 ~ 75
[36] National Instruments Corp.LabVIEW User Manual.Austin, Texas USA.January 1998.49 ~ 444
[37] 吴淼.现代工程信号处理及应用.北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1997.98 ~ 109
[38] 刘朝红,韩进,杨洪余.中轻型载重汽车动力性分析应用软件.本溪冶金高等专科学校学报,1999,1(2):36 ~39
[39] National Instruments Corp.SC-2040 User Manual(Eight-Channel Simultaneous Sample-and-Hold Accessory).Austin, Texas USA.September 1994.1~ 40
[40] National Instruments Corp.DAQCard E Series User Manual(Multifunction I/O Cards for PCMCIA)Austin, Texas USA.March 1999.1~ 74
[41] 赵永立.基于 LabVIEW 的车辆振动分析系统研究:[硕士学位论文].天津:河北工业大学,2003
[42] 汤华,刘庆明,刘长林.存储测试数据处理软件的设计及应用.华北工学院测试技术学报,2001,15(1):35 ~ 39
[43] 张海藩.软件工程导论.第 4 版.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.68 ~129
[44] 吴湘淇.信号系统与信号处理.北京:电子工业出版社,1996.51 ~ 54
[45] 李科杰.新编传感器技术手册.北京:国防工业出版社,2002.486 ~ 542
[46] Taskashi Seckino,Toshiyuki Okayasu. Ultra Hi-Speed pin——Electronics and test Station Using Ga as IC. IEEE.ITC,1994.683 ~ 690
[47] Avtometriya.Dynamic automobile model in the real time.2000.108 ~ 115
[48] Test and Measurement.Dynamic test system for automobile working condition Proceedings of the International Symposium.1997.246 ~ 248
[49] 张贤达.现代信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,1995.442 ~ 474
[50] 庄表中,刘明杰.工程振动学.北京:高等教育出版社,1989.7~ 10
[51] 赵永立.基于 LabVIEW 的车辆振动分析系统研究:[硕士学位论文].天津:河北工业大学,2003
[52] Zimochz.Sensitivity Analysis of Vibrating Systems.Journalof Soundand Vibration.1987(3):447~458
[53]Thomas,Kenny M.QuantifyingTire,Rim,and Vehicle Effectson Ride Quanlity.SAETransactions.1989, 5(8):1~ 9
[54] 姜永生,陈立伟. 电控喷油器喷射过程的计算模拟:[硕士学位论文].江西:南昌大学学报(工科版),2002
[55] 中华人民共和国专业标准 ZB T10 001-87,轿车、轻型货车燃油消耗量试验方法. 北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[56] 高红华,陈学东,钱文军.汽车平顺性的建模分析及研究.工程设计学报,2003,10(6):321~ 325
[57] 李士松,高荫峰,潘文军.考虑阻尼非线性汽车平顺性预测.北方交通大学学报,1997,21(4):459 ~ 461
[58] 王平,黄惟一.测试仪器的发展方向.工业仪表自动化装置,2003,(6):66 ~ 68