马尔尼菲青霉菌野生株和临床分离株致病力动物实验研究
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摘要
目的对不同来源的马尔尼菲青霉菌(Penicillium marneffei,PM)菌株的致病过程和致病力情况进行初步探讨。
方法分别将来源于广西银星竹鼠的PM菌株(野生菌株)及广西地区PSM患者的血液培养分离的PM菌株(临床分离菌株)的菌悬液经腹腔注射感染健康小鼠,然后按时间分批处死,肉眼观察并分析脏器感染情况;取其内脏(肝、脾、肺、心、肾、肠、脑、肌肉、胸骨、皮肤)及颈动脉血行真菌培养并比较阳性率差异;分析死亡小鼠的一般状况;主要脏器行组织病理切片观察了解其病理改变。
结果发现小鼠感染的发病率为100%;不同时期小鼠内脏病变程度有差异,且内脏病变程度随着时间推移而逐渐减轻;A、B两组小鼠部分脏器真菌培养阳性率有明显差异;A、B两组小鼠的死亡率无显著性差异,死亡小鼠存活时间的中位数为24.42天;A、B两组小鼠肝、脾、肺、肠、肾等脏器的基本病理形态有改变,C组脏器无病理改变。
结论不同来源的PM菌株经腹腔注射感染途径均可使小鼠致病;说明竹鼠体内野生PM与人类马尔尼菲青霉病(Penicilliosis marneffei,PSM)关系密切;具有正常免疫功能的小鼠感染PM后可以逐渐恢复;本实验可以作为研究马尔尼菲青霉病的发病机制、病理学及致病力等的一个手段。
Objective To study the pathopoiesis and process of wild isolates and clinical isolates penicillium mameffei on mice through abdominal cavity injection.
Methods The conidia suspension of wild isolates and clinical isolates penicillium mameffei was inoculated into the abdominal cavity of healthy mice respectively.We killed the mice in batch on time,to observe the infection status of internal organs and masculine rate of PM infections,to analyze general state for death mice,and to study histopathological microscopical diversity for main internal organs.
Result The incidence of mice infected with penicillium marneffei was 100%;The affection of splanchna was diverse in five periods,and it was less and less prominent with time-lapse.The masculine rate of PM infections was different for some different organs between group A and group B.The mortality rate was identical between group A and group B,and the median of survival time was 24.42 days for death mice;The histopathological microscopical diversity was evident for main internal organs between group A and group B, and there was no change in group C.
Conclusion Penicillium mameffei of different source is pathogenic on mice through abdominal cavity injection;It indicates that the relationship of wild isolates PM and Penicilliosis mameffei in people is intimate;Infection could recover spontaneously by degrees in immunocompetent mice;This experimental study might be suitable to study pathogenesis,pathology and virulence of penicilliosis marneffei.
方法分别将来源于广西银星竹鼠的PM菌株(野生菌株)及广西地区PSM患者的血液培养分离的PM菌株(临床分离菌株)的菌悬液经腹腔注射感染健康小鼠,然后按时间分批处死,肉眼观察并分析脏器感染情况;取其内脏(肝、脾、肺、心、肾、肠、脑、肌肉、胸骨、皮肤)及颈动脉血行真菌培养并比较阳性率差异;分析死亡小鼠的一般状况;主要脏器行组织病理切片观察了解其病理改变。
结果发现小鼠感染的发病率为100%;不同时期小鼠内脏病变程度有差异,且内脏病变程度随着时间推移而逐渐减轻;A、B两组小鼠部分脏器真菌培养阳性率有明显差异;A、B两组小鼠的死亡率无显著性差异,死亡小鼠存活时间的中位数为24.42天;A、B两组小鼠肝、脾、肺、肠、肾等脏器的基本病理形态有改变,C组脏器无病理改变。
结论不同来源的PM菌株经腹腔注射感染途径均可使小鼠致病;说明竹鼠体内野生PM与人类马尔尼菲青霉病(Penicilliosis marneffei,PSM)关系密切;具有正常免疫功能的小鼠感染PM后可以逐渐恢复;本实验可以作为研究马尔尼菲青霉病的发病机制、病理学及致病力等的一个手段。
Objective To study the pathopoiesis and process of wild isolates and clinical isolates penicillium mameffei on mice through abdominal cavity injection.
Methods The conidia suspension of wild isolates and clinical isolates penicillium mameffei was inoculated into the abdominal cavity of healthy mice respectively.We killed the mice in batch on time,to observe the infection status of internal organs and masculine rate of PM infections,to analyze general state for death mice,and to study histopathological microscopical diversity for main internal organs.
Result The incidence of mice infected with penicillium marneffei was 100%;The affection of splanchna was diverse in five periods,and it was less and less prominent with time-lapse.The masculine rate of PM infections was different for some different organs between group A and group B.The mortality rate was identical between group A and group B,and the median of survival time was 24.42 days for death mice;The histopathological microscopical diversity was evident for main internal organs between group A and group B, and there was no change in group C.
Conclusion Penicillium mameffei of different source is pathogenic on mice through abdominal cavity injection;It indicates that the relationship of wild isolates PM and Penicilliosis mameffei in people is intimate;Infection could recover spontaneously by degrees in immunocompetent mice;This experimental study might be suitable to study pathogenesis,pathology and virulence of penicilliosis marneffei.
引文
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2 Supparatpinyo K,Khamwan C,Baosoung V,et al.Disseminated Penicillium marneffei Infection in Southeast Asia.Lancet.1994,344:110-113.
3 T.J.Walsh,A.H.Groll.Emerging fungal pathogens:evolving challenges to immunocompromised patients for the twenty first century.Transplant Infectious Disease.1999,1:247-261.
4 Valeyrie L,Botterel F,Minozzi C,et al.Prolonged fever revealing disseminated infection due to Penicillium marneffei in a French HIV-seropositive patient.AIDS.1999,13:731.
5 Filiotou Anna,Velegraki Aristea,Giannaris Markos,et al.First Case of Penicillium marneffei Fungemia in Greece and Strain Susceptibility to Five Licensed Systemic Antifungal Agents and Posaconazole.American Journal of the Medical Sciences.2006,332:43-45.
6 吴易,李菊裳,梁伶.广西银星竹鼠与人马尔尼菲青霉病关系的研究.中国皮肤性病学杂志.2004,18:196-198
7 Nongnuch Vanittanakom,Chester R.,Cooper Jr.,et al.Penicillium marneffei Infection and Recent Advances in the Epidemiology and Molecular Biology Aspects.Clinical Microbiology Reviews,2006,19:95-110.
8 梁伶,李菊裳.马尔尼菲青霉的生态学研究.广西医科大学学报.1999,16:602-604.
9 马韵,邓卓霖,李山,等.马尔尼菲青霉不同菌株的免疫原性和致病力研究.广西医科大学学报.1994,11:128-130.
10 Capponi MP,Segretain G,Sureau G.Penieilliosis de Rhizomys sinensis[J]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales.1956,49:418-421.
11 DiSalvo AF,Fickling AM,AjelloL.Infection caused by penicillium marneffei:description of first natural infection in man.Am J Clin Pathol,1973,60:259-263
12 Harish Gugnani,Matthew C.Fisher,Anubha Paliwal-Johsi,et al.Role of Cannomys badius as a Natural Animal Host of Penicillium marneffei in India.Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2004,11:5070-5075
13 李菊裳,潘乐泉,吴绍熙.马尔尼菲青霉病.中国人兽共患病杂志.1990,2:54-56
14 李山,邓卓霖,马韵.广西鼠类携带马尔尼菲青霉的研究.广西医学,1995,17(1):1-2.
15 Kudeken N,Kawakami K,Kusano N,et al.Cell-mediated immunity in host resistance against infection caused by Penicillium marneffei.Journal of Medical & Veterinary Mycology.1996,34:371-378.
16 Cui J,Tanaka R.,Taguchi H,et al.Histopathological and electron microscopical studies on experimental Penicillium marneffei infection in mice.Journal of Medical & Veterinary Mycology.1997,35:347-353.
17 Kudeken N,Kawakami K,Saito A.CD4~+ T cell mediated fatal hyperinflammatory reactions in mice infected with Penicillium marneffei.Clin Exp Immunol.1997,107:468-473.
18 刘栋华,谭升顺,梁伶,等.经皮肤损伤感染马尔尼菲青霉菌致病力动物实验研究.中国皮肤性病学杂志.2006,20:324-326.
19 Woods JP.Knocking on the right door and making a comfort-able home:Histoplasma capsulatum intracellular pathogenesis.Curr Opin Microbiol,2003,6(4):327-331.
20 邓卓霖,马韵.酷似组织胞浆菌病的马尔尼菲青霉病.中华病理学杂志,1999,28(5):348-349.
21 马韵,邓卓霖,罗虹.马尔尼菲青霉病不同类型病变中免疫反应观察.广西医科大学学报 1994,11(4):361-364
22 朱宏,崔进,刘明,等.竹鼠马尔尼菲青霉菌感染的病理学研究.哈尔滨医科大学学报.2000,34(6):404-405
23 Hamilton AJ,Jeavons L,YoungchimS,et al.Recognition of fibronectin by Penicillium marneffei conidia via sialic acid dependent process and its relationship to the interaction between conidia and laminin.Infect Immun 1999,67:5200-5205.
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38 Kawakmai K,Tohyama M,Xie Q,et al.IL-12 protects Mice against pulmonary and disseminated infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans.Clin Exp Immunol.1996,10(2):208-214.
39 Romani L,Mencacci A,Cenci E,et al.Neutrophil production of IL-12 and IL-10 in candidiasis and efficancy of IL-12 therapy in neutropenic mice.J Immunol. 1997,158(11):5349-5356.
40 Keya S, Salamatu SM, Latz E, etal. The Antifungal Drug Amphotericin B Promotes Inflammatory Cytokine Release by a Toll-like Receptor and CD14-dependent Mechanism. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2003, 278(39):37561-37568.
41 Kudeken N, Kawakami K, Saito A. CD4~+ T cell mediated fatal hyperinflammatory reactions in mice infected with Penicillium marneffei. Clin Exp Immunol. 1997,107: 468 - 473.
42 Miller RF, Semple SJ. Glucocorticoid therapy for severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. J Infect. 1990,21:131-137
43 Bozza S, Perruccio K, Montagnoll C, et al. A dendritic cell vaccine against invasive aspergillosis in allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Blood. 2003,102:3807-3814
44 Ahuja SS, Mummidi S, Malech HL,etal. Human dendritic cell (DC)-based anti-infective therapy: engineering DCs to secrete functional IFN-γ and IL-12. J Immunol.1998,16(2): 868-876.
2 Supparatpinyo K,Khamwan C,Baosoung V,et al.Disseminated Penicillium marneffei Infection in Southeast Asia.Lancet.1994,344:110-113.
3 T.J.Walsh,A.H.Groll.Emerging fungal pathogens:evolving challenges to immunocompromised patients for the twenty first century.Transplant Infectious Disease.1999,1:247-261.
4 Valeyrie L,Botterel F,Minozzi C,et al.Prolonged fever revealing disseminated infection due to Penicillium marneffei in a French HIV-seropositive patient.AIDS.1999,13:731.
5 Filiotou Anna,Velegraki Aristea,Giannaris Markos,et al.First Case of Penicillium marneffei Fungemia in Greece and Strain Susceptibility to Five Licensed Systemic Antifungal Agents and Posaconazole.American Journal of the Medical Sciences.2006,332:43-45.
6 吴易,李菊裳,梁伶.广西银星竹鼠与人马尔尼菲青霉病关系的研究.中国皮肤性病学杂志.2004,18:196-198
7 Nongnuch Vanittanakom,Chester R.,Cooper Jr.,et al.Penicillium marneffei Infection and Recent Advances in the Epidemiology and Molecular Biology Aspects.Clinical Microbiology Reviews,2006,19:95-110.
8 梁伶,李菊裳.马尔尼菲青霉的生态学研究.广西医科大学学报.1999,16:602-604.
9 马韵,邓卓霖,李山,等.马尔尼菲青霉不同菌株的免疫原性和致病力研究.广西医科大学学报.1994,11:128-130.
10 Capponi MP,Segretain G,Sureau G.Penieilliosis de Rhizomys sinensis[J]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales.1956,49:418-421.
11 DiSalvo AF,Fickling AM,AjelloL.Infection caused by penicillium marneffei:description of first natural infection in man.Am J Clin Pathol,1973,60:259-263
12 Harish Gugnani,Matthew C.Fisher,Anubha Paliwal-Johsi,et al.Role of Cannomys badius as a Natural Animal Host of Penicillium marneffei in India.Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2004,11:5070-5075
13 李菊裳,潘乐泉,吴绍熙.马尔尼菲青霉病.中国人兽共患病杂志.1990,2:54-56
14 李山,邓卓霖,马韵.广西鼠类携带马尔尼菲青霉的研究.广西医学,1995,17(1):1-2.
15 Kudeken N,Kawakami K,Kusano N,et al.Cell-mediated immunity in host resistance against infection caused by Penicillium marneffei.Journal of Medical & Veterinary Mycology.1996,34:371-378.
16 Cui J,Tanaka R.,Taguchi H,et al.Histopathological and electron microscopical studies on experimental Penicillium marneffei infection in mice.Journal of Medical & Veterinary Mycology.1997,35:347-353.
17 Kudeken N,Kawakami K,Saito A.CD4~+ T cell mediated fatal hyperinflammatory reactions in mice infected with Penicillium marneffei.Clin Exp Immunol.1997,107:468-473.
18 刘栋华,谭升顺,梁伶,等.经皮肤损伤感染马尔尼菲青霉菌致病力动物实验研究.中国皮肤性病学杂志.2006,20:324-326.
19 Woods JP.Knocking on the right door and making a comfort-able home:Histoplasma capsulatum intracellular pathogenesis.Curr Opin Microbiol,2003,6(4):327-331.
20 邓卓霖,马韵.酷似组织胞浆菌病的马尔尼菲青霉病.中华病理学杂志,1999,28(5):348-349.
21 马韵,邓卓霖,罗虹.马尔尼菲青霉病不同类型病变中免疫反应观察.广西医科大学学报 1994,11(4):361-364
22 朱宏,崔进,刘明,等.竹鼠马尔尼菲青霉菌感染的病理学研究.哈尔滨医科大学学报.2000,34(6):404-405
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