中国企业“走出去”的发展现状与政策建议
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摘要
“走出去”战略是党中央根据我国现代化进程和当代国际政治经济大格局提出的一项重大战略方针,是我国由发展中的经济大国向世界经济强国迈进的重大战略步骤。
在近年来经济全球化和区域经济一体化的背景下,各国企业纷纷走出国门开展对外经济合作。作为亚洲地区最大的发展中国家,自20世纪80年代起,中国企业开始走向世界进行对外直接投资和跨国并购。近年来,中国企业“走出去”进行对外直接投资和跨国并购的规模和数量不断上升,尤其自2008年世界金融危机之后,国际国内环境的变化为我国企业“走出去”提供了十分有利的条件,许多企业纷纷进行海外抄底。但在中国企业“走出去”的同时,跨国并购也因屡屡失败遭受了惨痛的教训,认真总结中国企业“走出去”的发展历程,分析近年来中国企业“走出去”的典型成败案例,总结出在不断出现的经济现象和经济事件中抽象出来的规律,对今后我国企业“走出去”进行对外直接投资和开展跨国并购具有一定的参考价值。
文章共有五个部分,首先,回顾了我国“走出去”战略的提出,清晰的界定了“走出去”的概念;其次,对“走出去”的相关理论和国内外学者的研究成果进行了研究;再次,阐述了中国企业“走出去”的发展现状和特点;第四部分结合典型案例对中国企业“走出去”的成功经验和失败教训进行了总结,提出了中国企业“走出去”的几点启示;最后,根据中国企业“走出去”的成功经验和失败教训,提出了相应的政策建议。
The international-oriented strategy is a significant strategy policy which is proposed under China's modernization process and the pattern of contemporary international political economy by the CPC Central Committee, and it is a great strategic step forward making China from developing country to a powerful country in the world.
In recent years, Enterprises in various countries going abroad to carry out foreign economic cooperation in the background of economic globalization and regional economic integration. As the largest developing country in Asia, Since the 20th century 80th,the Chinese companies began to have the foreign direct investment and cross-border mergers and acquisitions in the world. The number and scale of Chinese enterprises to carry out cross-border mergers and acquisitions of foreign direct investment is growing in recent years, especially after the world financial crisis in 2008,changes in international and domestic environment provide favorable conditions for our enterprises to go out, and many enterprises take overseas bargain-hunting. However, Chinese companies have suffered painful lessons because of repeated failure while carrying out the international-oriented strategy, taking the cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Conscientiously sum up the history of Chinese enterprises' development of "going out", and analysis the typical cases of Chinese enterprises in recent years, summarize the law of emerging economies phenomena and economic events are reference value for the enterprises to go out on the future conduct of foreign direct investment and launched cross-border M & A.
The article have five parts, first of all, review the international-oriented strategy, and clearly defined the concept of international-oriented strategy; Secondly, studied the theory of international-oriented strategy and the research results in domestic and foreign country; Thirdly, described the development status of Chinese enterprises "going out" and features; In fourth part, with the typical cases of Chinese enterprises" going out" successes and failures, put forward inspirations in the process of Chinese enterprises " going out"; Finally, based on the successes and failures, gave the corresponding policy recommendations.
在近年来经济全球化和区域经济一体化的背景下,各国企业纷纷走出国门开展对外经济合作。作为亚洲地区最大的发展中国家,自20世纪80年代起,中国企业开始走向世界进行对外直接投资和跨国并购。近年来,中国企业“走出去”进行对外直接投资和跨国并购的规模和数量不断上升,尤其自2008年世界金融危机之后,国际国内环境的变化为我国企业“走出去”提供了十分有利的条件,许多企业纷纷进行海外抄底。但在中国企业“走出去”的同时,跨国并购也因屡屡失败遭受了惨痛的教训,认真总结中国企业“走出去”的发展历程,分析近年来中国企业“走出去”的典型成败案例,总结出在不断出现的经济现象和经济事件中抽象出来的规律,对今后我国企业“走出去”进行对外直接投资和开展跨国并购具有一定的参考价值。
文章共有五个部分,首先,回顾了我国“走出去”战略的提出,清晰的界定了“走出去”的概念;其次,对“走出去”的相关理论和国内外学者的研究成果进行了研究;再次,阐述了中国企业“走出去”的发展现状和特点;第四部分结合典型案例对中国企业“走出去”的成功经验和失败教训进行了总结,提出了中国企业“走出去”的几点启示;最后,根据中国企业“走出去”的成功经验和失败教训,提出了相应的政策建议。
The international-oriented strategy is a significant strategy policy which is proposed under China's modernization process and the pattern of contemporary international political economy by the CPC Central Committee, and it is a great strategic step forward making China from developing country to a powerful country in the world.
In recent years, Enterprises in various countries going abroad to carry out foreign economic cooperation in the background of economic globalization and regional economic integration. As the largest developing country in Asia, Since the 20th century 80th,the Chinese companies began to have the foreign direct investment and cross-border mergers and acquisitions in the world. The number and scale of Chinese enterprises to carry out cross-border mergers and acquisitions of foreign direct investment is growing in recent years, especially after the world financial crisis in 2008,changes in international and domestic environment provide favorable conditions for our enterprises to go out, and many enterprises take overseas bargain-hunting. However, Chinese companies have suffered painful lessons because of repeated failure while carrying out the international-oriented strategy, taking the cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Conscientiously sum up the history of Chinese enterprises' development of "going out", and analysis the typical cases of Chinese enterprises in recent years, summarize the law of emerging economies phenomena and economic events are reference value for the enterprises to go out on the future conduct of foreign direct investment and launched cross-border M & A.
The article have five parts, first of all, review the international-oriented strategy, and clearly defined the concept of international-oriented strategy; Secondly, studied the theory of international-oriented strategy and the research results in domestic and foreign country; Thirdly, described the development status of Chinese enterprises "going out" and features; In fourth part, with the typical cases of Chinese enterprises" going out" successes and failures, put forward inspirations in the process of Chinese enterprises " going out"; Finally, based on the successes and failures, gave the corresponding policy recommendations.
引文
[1]江泽民.高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜,把建设有中国特色社会主义事业全面推向二十一世纪——江泽民在中国共产党第十五次全国代表大会上的报告.人民出版社,1997.
[2]蓝庆新,夏占有.中国企业“走出去”[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社,2007:60-61.
[3]庞彦翔,徐本华.“走出去”战略的核心问题研究[J].经济师,2004(3):86-88.
[4]邓世培.中国企业海外投资的战略选择[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2005(01):34-38.
[5]Deng Ping. Out investment by Chinese MNCs: Motivations and implications. Business Horizons,2004,47(3):8-16.
[6]Amitabh Singh. Foreign direct investment from developing countries: a case study of India. Doctor Dissertation, University of North Carolina,2001.
[7]Robert Konopaske, Steve Werner, Kent E. Neupert. Entry mode strategy and performance: the role of FDI staffing. Journal of Business Research,2002,(55):759-770.
[8]Ashoka Mody,Autu Panini Murshid. Growing up with capital flows. Journal of International Economics, 2005(65):249-266.
[9]B. Elango. The influence of plant characteristics on the entry mode choice of overseas firms. Journal of Operations Management,2005(23):65-79.
[10]钟艳冰.透视中国企业的跨国并购:现状、动因与竞争优势分析[D].对外经济贸易大学,2007.
[11]张建军,任宏森.中国企业“走出去”战略探讨[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2009(7):54-56.
[12]董倩,兰天.我国企业跨国并购现状分析[J].时代金融,2010(04):109-111.
[13]覃娜.中国企业海外并购行为研究[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2007,20(1):6-9.
[14]王黎明,宋明明.中国企业海外并购的动因及存在的问题研究[J].产业与科技论坛,2008(01):7-10.
[15]魏昀妍.中国企业的跨国并购战略[J].财经视点,2010(06):117-118.
[16]施丹锋,邓罗飞,何涛舟.中国企业跨国并购动因、存在问题与对策[J].市场论坛,2010(02):21-23.
[17]姚望.大国崛起的步伐-中国“走出去”战略[M].科学出版社,2008-07-01.
[18]陈晨.中国企业跨国并购的动因和模式分析[D].对外经济贸易大学,2007.
[19]刘英奎.中国企业实施“走出去”战略研究[D].中国社会科学院研究生院,2003.
[20]杨硕.关于中国企业“走出去”的模式选择及对策分析[D] .吉林大学,2009.
[21]王文创.我国矿业企业“走出去”模式研究[J].国家行政学院学报,2006(04):73-76.
[22]李士宝.中国制造业企业“走出去”模式选择模型的研究[J].消费导刊,2008(02):59-60.
[23]姬豪亮.纺织企业“走出去”发展战略:目标、模式与路径研究[D].中原工学院,2010.
[24][31]张洪,刁莉.中国资源型企业跨国并购的战略思考[J].亚太经济,2010(02):101-105.
[25]赵伟.跨国并购与“走出去”战略——中外企业跨国并购:比较与启示.对外经贸财会,2006(04):26-28.
[26]胡俐,赵凌云.我国企业跨国并购问题与对策[J].合作经济与科技,2010(03):56-57.
[27][28][29]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2010[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/t jsj/ndsj/2010/indexch.htm.
[30]李桂芳,储贺军.中国企业对外直接投资分析报告[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2009:36-37.
[32]刘楚峰.联想集团并购整合IBM PC业务问题研究[D].东北财经大学, 2007.
[33]周黎.吉利收购沃尔沃背后的思考[J].产业研究,2010:81-82.
[34]庄恩平,唐文文.跨国收购失败教训何在——明基并购西门子案例剖析[J].商业研究,2008(12):201-203.
[35]刘爽,李媛,王厚双.“战略缺口”与跨国公司的强强并购[J].国际贸易问题,2001(08):6-9.
[36]姚淑梅.中国企业“走出去”跨国并购的现状、问题及建议[J].经济要参,2008(36):12-16.
[37]王超.联想跨国并购案的启示[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2009(04):49-51.
[38]赵辉.从吉利收购沃尔沃看跨国并购中顾问团队的作用[J].中国机电工业,2010(05):71-75.
[39]王红茹.吉利式并购[N].中国经济周刊,2010 (13):3-4.
[40]方华刚,朱德忠.我国企业跨国并购现状、动因和对策研究[J].金融发展研究,2010(03):13-17.
[41]刘明.妥善处理中国企业海外并购中的政治因素[J].商业现代化,2008(20):12-13.
[42]李桂芳,储贺军.中国企业对外直接投资分析报告[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2009:313-314.
[2]蓝庆新,夏占有.中国企业“走出去”[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社,2007:60-61.
[3]庞彦翔,徐本华.“走出去”战略的核心问题研究[J].经济师,2004(3):86-88.
[4]邓世培.中国企业海外投资的战略选择[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2005(01):34-38.
[5]Deng Ping. Out investment by Chinese MNCs: Motivations and implications. Business Horizons,2004,47(3):8-16.
[6]Amitabh Singh. Foreign direct investment from developing countries: a case study of India. Doctor Dissertation, University of North Carolina,2001.
[7]Robert Konopaske, Steve Werner, Kent E. Neupert. Entry mode strategy and performance: the role of FDI staffing. Journal of Business Research,2002,(55):759-770.
[8]Ashoka Mody,Autu Panini Murshid. Growing up with capital flows. Journal of International Economics, 2005(65):249-266.
[9]B. Elango. The influence of plant characteristics on the entry mode choice of overseas firms. Journal of Operations Management,2005(23):65-79.
[10]钟艳冰.透视中国企业的跨国并购:现状、动因与竞争优势分析[D].对外经济贸易大学,2007.
[11]张建军,任宏森.中国企业“走出去”战略探讨[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2009(7):54-56.
[12]董倩,兰天.我国企业跨国并购现状分析[J].时代金融,2010(04):109-111.
[13]覃娜.中国企业海外并购行为研究[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2007,20(1):6-9.
[14]王黎明,宋明明.中国企业海外并购的动因及存在的问题研究[J].产业与科技论坛,2008(01):7-10.
[15]魏昀妍.中国企业的跨国并购战略[J].财经视点,2010(06):117-118.
[16]施丹锋,邓罗飞,何涛舟.中国企业跨国并购动因、存在问题与对策[J].市场论坛,2010(02):21-23.
[17]姚望.大国崛起的步伐-中国“走出去”战略[M].科学出版社,2008-07-01.
[18]陈晨.中国企业跨国并购的动因和模式分析[D].对外经济贸易大学,2007.
[19]刘英奎.中国企业实施“走出去”战略研究[D].中国社会科学院研究生院,2003.
[20]杨硕.关于中国企业“走出去”的模式选择及对策分析[D] .吉林大学,2009.
[21]王文创.我国矿业企业“走出去”模式研究[J].国家行政学院学报,2006(04):73-76.
[22]李士宝.中国制造业企业“走出去”模式选择模型的研究[J].消费导刊,2008(02):59-60.
[23]姬豪亮.纺织企业“走出去”发展战略:目标、模式与路径研究[D].中原工学院,2010.
[24][31]张洪,刁莉.中国资源型企业跨国并购的战略思考[J].亚太经济,2010(02):101-105.
[25]赵伟.跨国并购与“走出去”战略——中外企业跨国并购:比较与启示.对外经贸财会,2006(04):26-28.
[26]胡俐,赵凌云.我国企业跨国并购问题与对策[J].合作经济与科技,2010(03):56-57.
[27][28][29]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2010[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/t jsj/ndsj/2010/indexch.htm.
[30]李桂芳,储贺军.中国企业对外直接投资分析报告[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2009:36-37.
[32]刘楚峰.联想集团并购整合IBM PC业务问题研究[D].东北财经大学, 2007.
[33]周黎.吉利收购沃尔沃背后的思考[J].产业研究,2010:81-82.
[34]庄恩平,唐文文.跨国收购失败教训何在——明基并购西门子案例剖析[J].商业研究,2008(12):201-203.
[35]刘爽,李媛,王厚双.“战略缺口”与跨国公司的强强并购[J].国际贸易问题,2001(08):6-9.
[36]姚淑梅.中国企业“走出去”跨国并购的现状、问题及建议[J].经济要参,2008(36):12-16.
[37]王超.联想跨国并购案的启示[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2009(04):49-51.
[38]赵辉.从吉利收购沃尔沃看跨国并购中顾问团队的作用[J].中国机电工业,2010(05):71-75.
[39]王红茹.吉利式并购[N].中国经济周刊,2010 (13):3-4.
[40]方华刚,朱德忠.我国企业跨国并购现状、动因和对策研究[J].金融发展研究,2010(03):13-17.
[41]刘明.妥善处理中国企业海外并购中的政治因素[J].商业现代化,2008(20):12-13.
[42]李桂芳,储贺军.中国企业对外直接投资分析报告[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2009:313-314.