摘要
由于竞争环境的不确定性和复杂性,产品生命周期的不断缩短,企业一次成功的创新不再能够保证企业会由此获得持续的利润增长。只有持续的创新才能给企业带来持续的竞争优势并由此获得超过平均的利润水平。因此企业需要持续的创新,企业如何实现“持续”的创新?如何对企业持续创新进行过程中控制?这就是本文要探讨的问题。
该文对企业持续创新体系的研究分为三部分(共六章):第一部分(第一、二、章):主要阐述为什么要着重研究企业持续创新的问题,企业持续创新的基本内涵和主要特点,一般创新与持续创新的联系和区别,通过对持续创新理论的回顾、持续创新现状的分析和持续创新国际比较的探讨,加深了对持续技术创新的理论和现实意义的认识,使持续技术创新的研究目标更加明确;第二部分(第三,四、五章):主要研究持续创新过程控制理论,过程控制理论的发展,企业持续创新过程分析并从过程控制的角度研究企业持续创新体系,通过对持续创新过程控制理论基础要素、体系构成的分析,引伸出了持续创新的策略范式和风险管理策略,并试图提出解决企业持续创新过程控制问题的一些建议,在此基础上设计出持续创新的综合评价体系;第三部分(第六章):通过对蓝星电脑公司实施持续创新的实证研究,进一步揭示了企业如何在持续创新中加强过程控制。当前,中国企业已跨入“二次创业”阶段,其持续创新的机理和制度建设已成为企业和学术界关注的焦点。面对新形势,该文围绕企业持续创新这个主题,在分析和借鉴国内外理论和实践经验基础上,提出了持续创新的内涵、演化机理、体系构成、策略范式、过程控制方法,过程控制模型,持续创新评价体系,过程控制评价体系等一系列创新体系。在当前中国企业面对的复杂形势下,有针对性地研究企业的持续创新,有着一定的战略意义和现实意义。
As a result of uncertainty and complicacy of competitive environment, periodically of product life cycle continuously shrink, enterprises' one-off innovative success no longer guarantee continuous profit increase. None but sustaining innovation could insure continuous competitive advantages and earn higher profit than the average. Therefore, enterprises require continuous innovation. The question is how to actualize 'continuous' innovation? How to implement process control of continuous innovation? All of those issue would be discussed as follows.
The article is divided into three parts (contains 6 chapters) :Part one (Chapter I,II,III): mainly explain the reasons for studying enterprises' continuous innovation, the basic connotation and essential characters of enterprises' continuous innovation. And find out the differences and relations between General innovation and continuous innovation. Through retrospection, status quo analyzed, and international comparison of continuous innovative theory, deeply understanding continuous innovative theory and its realistic Meanings, conducing to more specific Studying objective. Part II(Chapter III, IV, V ):mostly research the process control theory of continuous innovation, the new development of the theory, the whole process analysis of the enterprises' continuous innovation and studying the enterprises' continuous innovative system depend on process control. Through basic element, system composing structure analyzing, explicate tactics paradigm and risk management strategies, and make some suggestions try to resolve the process control issue during the continuous innovation, designing the synthetical appraisal system of continuous innovation. Part III (Chapter VI): through demonstration studying of LANXING computer co., Ltd., further unveiling how to strengthen process control during the continuous innovative activities. At this stage, Chinese enterprises stride on the phrase
of 'start a new undertaking' , being focus by the enterprises and academe on its continuous innovative mechanism and system building. In the face of the new circumstances, the article emphasize the enterprises' continuous innovative themes, on the basis of analyzing and borrowing overseas and domestic theories and practical experiences, the article initialed a series of innovative systems including connotation, evolvement mechanism, system structure, tactics patterns, process controlling tools, process controlling models, appraisal systems of continuous innovation and process controlling appraisal system, etc.. Nowadays, there would definitely be some strategic and practical meaning to pertinently studying the continuous innovation by Chinese enterprises which confront with such a complicated, complex situation.
引文
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1 伊查克·爱迪斯.企业生命周期.北京:华夏出版社,2004.01
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4 W. Abernathy, J.M. Utterback. Patterns of Industrial Innovation Technology Review. 1978, (81):41-47
5 Sahal Devendra. The Farm Tractor and the Nature of Technological Innovation. Research Policy. 1981,10(4):68-402
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7 Ichak Adizes. Corporate Life Cycles: How and Why Corporations Grow and Die and What to Do About Ⅰ. Prentice-Hall, 1988:23
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21 谭崇台主编.西方经济发展思想史.北京:经济科学出版社.1993:376
22 魏中龙.技术创新工程.北京:经济科学出版社.1996:39
23 向刚.对创新理论基本观点的马克思主义再认识明.经济问题探索,2000(1):9—12:
24 贾蔚文等.技术创新—科技与经济一体化发展的道路.北京:中国经济出版社,1994:5
25 迈克尔·波特(Michael E.Porter)国家竞争优势.北京:华夏出版社,2002
26 向刚,李振国,李穗明 企业持续创新:重要性与基本概念.经济问题探索,1996(10):90—93;
27 EIU, Arthur Andersen. IBM, Vision 2010 and the learning organization, The Economist intelligence unit 1999
28 许国志系统科学.上海:上海科技教育出版社,2000.27-30
29 吴贵生.技术创新管理,北京:清华大学出版社,北京:2000.14-16
30 W. Abernathy, J.M. Utterback. Patterns of Industrial Innovation. Technology Review. 1978
31 陈劲.企业技术创新透析.北京:科学出版社,2001.2
32 Cohen W·M., Levinthal, D.A.,Absorptive Capacity:A New perspective on Learning and Innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp., 1990,128-152
33 刘江艳.企业管理应以过程控制为主.企业改革与管理,2004,8
34 P.斯通曼.技术变革的经济分析.北京:机械工业出版社,1989,125-133
35 Fichman, R.G., Kemerer, C.F., The Illusory Diffusion of Innovations :An Examination of Assimilation Gaps ,Information Systems Research ,Vol.10, No.3, pp, 1999,255-275
36 Agarwal, R , Prasad·J, The Role of Innovation Characteristics and Perceived Voluntariness in the Acceptance of Information Technologies, Decision Science, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp, 1997,557-582
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40 张建华.创新、奖励与经济发展.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,2000
41 柳卸林.技术创新经济学.北京:中国经济出版社,1993