偏心结构利用调液阻尼器减震控制的研究
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摘要
无论从理论分析还是从震害现象看,结构在地震作用下的反应,除了发生平移振动外,还可能会发生扭转振动。引起扭转振动的原因,一是地面运动存在转动分量,或地震时地面各点的运动存在着相位差;二是结构本身存在偏心,即结构的质量中心与刚度中心不相重合。震害表明,扭转作用会加重结构的破坏,尤其是对于偏心结构,在某些情况下将成为导致结构破坏的主要因素。因此,偏心结构在地震作用下的扭转耦联振动的控制问题有很重要的实际应用意义。本论文以此为背景,利用调液阻尼器来控制偏心结构在地震作用下的扭转耦联振动,主要进行了以下几方面的研究工作:
(1) 环形调液阻尼器对结构平移—扭转耦联振动控制的参数研究。首先建立起环形调液阻尼器(CTLCD)的运动方程,基于等价线性化的原则,将环形调液阻尼器的非线性阻尼线性化。对纯扭转振动情况下,对环形调液阻尼器的最优参数问题进行研究,得到了解析表达式。分别针对结构的纯扭转振动和扭转耦联振动,推导出等效阻尼比的表达式,分析了控制系统的参数对控制效果的影响。结果表明,环形调液阻尼器是一种有效的扭转振动控制装置。
(2) 提出了利用调液柱型阻尼器(TLCD)和环形调液阻尼器(CTLCD)来控制偏心结构在双向地震动作用下扭转耦联振动的方法。利用随机振动理论,推导出调液阻尼器—结构体系在地震作用下随机响应的表达式。基于遗传算法,给出了控制系统的相关参数的优化设计方法。计算结果表明,当优化的目标函数考虑到结构每个自由度的反应时,结构的平移反应和扭转反应都能得到有效控制。
(3) 以一个8层偏心钢结构为算例,在结构顶层沿两个主轴方向正交放置两个TLCD,并在结构质心处安放一个CTLCD。基于本文给出的优化目标函数和遗传优化算法,对调液阻尼器的参数进行优化设计。最后,在时域内分析调液阻尼器对结构扭转耦联振动的减振作用。分析结果表明,合理设计调液阻尼器的有关参数,能使其有效控制结构的平-扭耦联振动。
(4) 进行了振动台试验,以验证调液阻尼器的减振控制作用。设计了一个二层的单向偏心钢结构模型,在结构的顶层放置一个TLCD和一个CLTCD,在振动台上,分别对结构无控时的反应和设置调液阻尼器后的反应进行试验研究,结果表明,调液阻尼器能有效抑制结构的在地震作用下的扭转耦联振动。
(5) 对环形调液阻尼器减振控制中的拍现象进行研究。分析了环形调液阻尼器对结构纯扭转振动控制中的拍现象,分别考虑无阻尼结构体系、主体结构有阻尼而
From theoretical analysis and seismic disasters, it can be concluded that the seismic response is not only in translational direction, but also in torsional direction. There are two reasons that are responsible for the torsional response of structures. First, there exists torsional component for the motion of ground or phase delay for the different sites of ground under earthquake. Second, structures exist eccentricity for the inconsistency between the center of mass and stiffness. The torsional component can aggravate the destroy of structures especially for the eccentric structures. So, the control problem of eccentric structures under earthquake is very important The thesis focus on the seismic response control of eccentric structures using tuned liquid dampers and the main contents are summarized as follow:(1) The parameters of Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (CTLCD) are analyzed. The motion of equation for CTLCD is established and the nonlinear damping of CTLCD is equivalently linearized. The optimal parameters of CTLCD under purely torsional condition are studied and the equation of the optimal frequency ratio and damping ratio are derived. The expression of equivalent damping ratio for purely torsional vibration and torsionally coupled vibration is acquired. The effects of parameters of controlled system on the equivalent damping are analyzed. The results show that CTLCD is an effective control device on torsional response.(2) The control method for eccentric buildings using TLCD and CTLCD under seismic is presented. The expression of stochastic response of torsionally coupled system is derived. The optimization method for the parameters of liquid dampers is given based on Genetic Algorithm. The results show that the liquid dampers with optimal parameters can effectively reduce the translational and torsional response of eccentric buildings if the objective function of optimization is selected to consider each degree of freedom.(3) A 8-story eccentric steel building, with two TLCDs on the orthogonal direction and one CTLCD on the mass center of the top story, is analyzed. The optimal parameters of liquid dampers are optimized by Genetic Algorithm. The structural response with and without liquid dampers under bi-directional earthquakes are calculated. The results show that the torsionally coupled response of structures can be effectively suppressed by liquid dampers with optimal parameters.
(4) The shake table test was carried to verify the control effect of liquid dampers to eccentric buildings. A steel model of building with eccentricity only in one direction was designed. One TLCD and CTLCD were placed on the top story of experimental model. The building mode with and without liquid dampers were experimented on the shake table. The experimental results show that the liquid dampers can effectively suppress the torsionally coupled response of eccentric buildings.(5) The beat phenomenon for the vibration control using CTLCD is studied. The undamped control system, linearly damped structure with undamped CTLCD and damped control system, are analyzed respectively to understand the beat phenomenon from a mathematical point of view. The results show that the beat phenomenon on the free vibration of structure can be disappeared for CTLCD with higher damping. The transient response of the structure can not be degraded promptly when beat phenomenon appears, so there would be large errors if only consider the stead response of structure.(6) A novel control law for semi-active tuned liquid dampers, market-based control (MBC) is presented. The equation of motion for structure-TLCD control system is established the MBC semi-active control strategy is illustrated. The results indicate that MBC semi-active TLCD control method facilitates reducing structural vibration with a lower energy expenditure and the control effect is better than passive TLCD.(7) To improve the performance of passive adjustable frequency TLCD, Semi-active Variable Stiffness Tuned Liquid Column Damper (SAVS-TLCD) is presented, with the stiffness of additional spring online adjustable. The state of stiffness can be ON or OFF according to the requirements of control system during the vibration. The results indicate that SAVS-TLCD has larger frequency width of reduction and can still be effectiveness if there is a little error between the frequency of TLCD and the structure.
(1) 环形调液阻尼器对结构平移—扭转耦联振动控制的参数研究。首先建立起环形调液阻尼器(CTLCD)的运动方程,基于等价线性化的原则,将环形调液阻尼器的非线性阻尼线性化。对纯扭转振动情况下,对环形调液阻尼器的最优参数问题进行研究,得到了解析表达式。分别针对结构的纯扭转振动和扭转耦联振动,推导出等效阻尼比的表达式,分析了控制系统的参数对控制效果的影响。结果表明,环形调液阻尼器是一种有效的扭转振动控制装置。
(2) 提出了利用调液柱型阻尼器(TLCD)和环形调液阻尼器(CTLCD)来控制偏心结构在双向地震动作用下扭转耦联振动的方法。利用随机振动理论,推导出调液阻尼器—结构体系在地震作用下随机响应的表达式。基于遗传算法,给出了控制系统的相关参数的优化设计方法。计算结果表明,当优化的目标函数考虑到结构每个自由度的反应时,结构的平移反应和扭转反应都能得到有效控制。
(3) 以一个8层偏心钢结构为算例,在结构顶层沿两个主轴方向正交放置两个TLCD,并在结构质心处安放一个CTLCD。基于本文给出的优化目标函数和遗传优化算法,对调液阻尼器的参数进行优化设计。最后,在时域内分析调液阻尼器对结构扭转耦联振动的减振作用。分析结果表明,合理设计调液阻尼器的有关参数,能使其有效控制结构的平-扭耦联振动。
(4) 进行了振动台试验,以验证调液阻尼器的减振控制作用。设计了一个二层的单向偏心钢结构模型,在结构的顶层放置一个TLCD和一个CLTCD,在振动台上,分别对结构无控时的反应和设置调液阻尼器后的反应进行试验研究,结果表明,调液阻尼器能有效抑制结构的在地震作用下的扭转耦联振动。
(5) 对环形调液阻尼器减振控制中的拍现象进行研究。分析了环形调液阻尼器对结构纯扭转振动控制中的拍现象,分别考虑无阻尼结构体系、主体结构有阻尼而
From theoretical analysis and seismic disasters, it can be concluded that the seismic response is not only in translational direction, but also in torsional direction. There are two reasons that are responsible for the torsional response of structures. First, there exists torsional component for the motion of ground or phase delay for the different sites of ground under earthquake. Second, structures exist eccentricity for the inconsistency between the center of mass and stiffness. The torsional component can aggravate the destroy of structures especially for the eccentric structures. So, the control problem of eccentric structures under earthquake is very important The thesis focus on the seismic response control of eccentric structures using tuned liquid dampers and the main contents are summarized as follow:(1) The parameters of Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (CTLCD) are analyzed. The motion of equation for CTLCD is established and the nonlinear damping of CTLCD is equivalently linearized. The optimal parameters of CTLCD under purely torsional condition are studied and the equation of the optimal frequency ratio and damping ratio are derived. The expression of equivalent damping ratio for purely torsional vibration and torsionally coupled vibration is acquired. The effects of parameters of controlled system on the equivalent damping are analyzed. The results show that CTLCD is an effective control device on torsional response.(2) The control method for eccentric buildings using TLCD and CTLCD under seismic is presented. The expression of stochastic response of torsionally coupled system is derived. The optimization method for the parameters of liquid dampers is given based on Genetic Algorithm. The results show that the liquid dampers with optimal parameters can effectively reduce the translational and torsional response of eccentric buildings if the objective function of optimization is selected to consider each degree of freedom.(3) A 8-story eccentric steel building, with two TLCDs on the orthogonal direction and one CTLCD on the mass center of the top story, is analyzed. The optimal parameters of liquid dampers are optimized by Genetic Algorithm. The structural response with and without liquid dampers under bi-directional earthquakes are calculated. The results show that the torsionally coupled response of structures can be effectively suppressed by liquid dampers with optimal parameters.
(4) The shake table test was carried to verify the control effect of liquid dampers to eccentric buildings. A steel model of building with eccentricity only in one direction was designed. One TLCD and CTLCD were placed on the top story of experimental model. The building mode with and without liquid dampers were experimented on the shake table. The experimental results show that the liquid dampers can effectively suppress the torsionally coupled response of eccentric buildings.(5) The beat phenomenon for the vibration control using CTLCD is studied. The undamped control system, linearly damped structure with undamped CTLCD and damped control system, are analyzed respectively to understand the beat phenomenon from a mathematical point of view. The results show that the beat phenomenon on the free vibration of structure can be disappeared for CTLCD with higher damping. The transient response of the structure can not be degraded promptly when beat phenomenon appears, so there would be large errors if only consider the stead response of structure.(6) A novel control law for semi-active tuned liquid dampers, market-based control (MBC) is presented. The equation of motion for structure-TLCD control system is established the MBC semi-active control strategy is illustrated. The results indicate that MBC semi-active TLCD control method facilitates reducing structural vibration with a lower energy expenditure and the control effect is better than passive TLCD.(7) To improve the performance of passive adjustable frequency TLCD, Semi-active Variable Stiffness Tuned Liquid Column Damper (SAVS-TLCD) is presented, with the stiffness of additional spring online adjustable. The state of stiffness can be ON or OFF according to the requirements of control system during the vibration. The results indicate that SAVS-TLCD has larger frequency width of reduction and can still be effectiveness if there is a little error between the frequency of TLCD and the structure.
引文
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