大跨度空间网架结构的温度及火灾分析
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摘要
空间网架结构是由多根杆件按一定网格形式通过节点连接而构成大跨度覆盖的空间结构。具有重量轻、刚度大、空间受力、抗震性能好、适用于工业化生产、地面拼装、整体吊装等优点。由于其独特的优越性近年来网架结构被广泛应运于体育馆、车站候车厅、展览厅、影剧院、体育场看台雨篷、飞机库、工业厂房等建筑的屋盖。但是由于钢材本身热膨胀系数比较大,而且钢结构网架一般都用于大空间覆盖,大体积大跨度的钢结构在外界温度交替变化下产生的内力和位移变化不容忽视。另外钢结构网架屋盖很多都用于车站、机场、体育馆等公共建筑,所以探讨其在火灾发生的极端情况下的安全性能就显得非常重要。
本文以某市新建火车站网架结构屋盖为研究对象,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立网架模型,从环境温度变化对钢结构的影响以及建筑物发生火灾对结构的影响两个方向,主要做了以下分析探讨：
1.在ANSYS环境中,建立屋盖固定支座和交接支座两种模型,对屋盖整体在温度一致变化下所引起的支座反力、位移、内力进行了对比分析,从而得出在整体温度作用下不同支座对网架屋盖结构性能的影响。
2.在ANSYS环境中,建立屋盖模型,用瞬态分析方法,整体结构抗火性能的模拟研究为中心,基于现有的钢材高温性能本构关系和钢构件升温模型,以标准升温曲线对结构施加温度荷载,得出结构随时间变化和随温度变化的位移、内力关系曲线。
在每章结束,本文会对本章所研究的问题做系统的总结,得出有参考价值的结论,希望对钢结构相关领域的研究有所贡献。
The truss structure was composed of more than one rod at a certain grid nodes and connected to constitute spatial structure covering a large span, with the advantages ofheavily-baredspace force, light weight, stiffness, good seismic performance, suitable for industrial production and the overall lifting after the ground assemble. In recent years, with its unique advantages, the network structure has been widely used in the roof of the buildings, such as stadiums, theaters, exhibition halls, waiting rooms, stadium bleachers, awning, aircraft hangars, two-way large spacing workshops, and so on. However, with the relatively large thermal expansion coefficient, and the steel grid generally used for large spatial coverage, the internal force and displacement caused by temperature alternately changes of the large span steel structure can not be ignored. Additionally, the steel truss roof are used in railway stations, airports, stadiums and other public buildings, so it was very important to explore its safety in the extreme cases, such as fire.
The paper took s truss structure roof a new train station as the research target, using ANSYS finite element analysis software to establish the grid model, and made explores and analysis as following, from the respects of influence on temperature changes n the steel structure and fire on the building structure:
Under the circumstance of ANSYS, established two models of the roof fixed bearing and the transfer of bearing, analyzed comparatively on the roof as a whole in the same temperature change caused by bearing reaction force, displacement and internal force, and carried out the influence on the performance of truss roof structure by different bearing with the overall temperature.
Under the circumstance of ANSYS, established a roof model, using the transient analysis method and with the overall structure of the fire resistance of the simulation study as the center, imposed the temperature load to the standard heating curve of the structure, and drew the curve of displacement and the internal force showing structure change over time and varying with temperature, based on the constitutive relation of the existing steel high temperature performance and steel components heating model.
With the hope of making contribution to the research of steel structure, at the end of each chapter, the paper made a systematic and valuable conclusion to the issue discussed in the chapter.
本文以某市新建火车站网架结构屋盖为研究对象,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立网架模型,从环境温度变化对钢结构的影响以及建筑物发生火灾对结构的影响两个方向,主要做了以下分析探讨：
1.在ANSYS环境中,建立屋盖固定支座和交接支座两种模型,对屋盖整体在温度一致变化下所引起的支座反力、位移、内力进行了对比分析,从而得出在整体温度作用下不同支座对网架屋盖结构性能的影响。
2.在ANSYS环境中,建立屋盖模型,用瞬态分析方法,整体结构抗火性能的模拟研究为中心,基于现有的钢材高温性能本构关系和钢构件升温模型,以标准升温曲线对结构施加温度荷载,得出结构随时间变化和随温度变化的位移、内力关系曲线。
在每章结束,本文会对本章所研究的问题做系统的总结,得出有参考价值的结论,希望对钢结构相关领域的研究有所贡献。
The truss structure was composed of more than one rod at a certain grid nodes and connected to constitute spatial structure covering a large span, with the advantages ofheavily-baredspace force, light weight, stiffness, good seismic performance, suitable for industrial production and the overall lifting after the ground assemble. In recent years, with its unique advantages, the network structure has been widely used in the roof of the buildings, such as stadiums, theaters, exhibition halls, waiting rooms, stadium bleachers, awning, aircraft hangars, two-way large spacing workshops, and so on. However, with the relatively large thermal expansion coefficient, and the steel grid generally used for large spatial coverage, the internal force and displacement caused by temperature alternately changes of the large span steel structure can not be ignored. Additionally, the steel truss roof are used in railway stations, airports, stadiums and other public buildings, so it was very important to explore its safety in the extreme cases, such as fire.
The paper took s truss structure roof a new train station as the research target, using ANSYS finite element analysis software to establish the grid model, and made explores and analysis as following, from the respects of influence on temperature changes n the steel structure and fire on the building structure:
Under the circumstance of ANSYS, established two models of the roof fixed bearing and the transfer of bearing, analyzed comparatively on the roof as a whole in the same temperature change caused by bearing reaction force, displacement and internal force, and carried out the influence on the performance of truss roof structure by different bearing with the overall temperature.
Under the circumstance of ANSYS, established a roof model, using the transient analysis method and with the overall structure of the fire resistance of the simulation study as the center, imposed the temperature load to the standard heating curve of the structure, and drew the curve of displacement and the internal force showing structure change over time and varying with temperature, based on the constitutive relation of the existing steel high temperature performance and steel components heating model.
With the hope of making contribution to the research of steel structure, at the end of each chapter, the paper made a systematic and valuable conclusion to the issue discussed in the chapter.
引文
[1]刘国忠.大跨度钢管析架屋盖体系结构性能研究[J}.现代企业文化.2009,24
[2]董石廖,姚谏.钢网壳结构在我国的发展与应用[J}.钢结构.1994(1)。
[3]Cuocu, DingThin. Long-span Roofsli-ucture. Modem Steel Structure. 1994(5)。
[4]哈尔滨建筑工程学院.大跨房屋钢结构[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社.1993。
[5]李东升,张耀春,张福海.三角形截面的空间格构式刚架体系静力参数分析[J}.建筑钡结构进展.2004.6。
[6]张耀春,张秀华.截面为三角形的空间格构式圆拱平面内整体稳定性能分析{J}.工业建筑.2004.3。
[7]关海涛,周建龙,王俊等.上海铁路南站新型大跨度钢屋盖结构抗震研究叮],建筑结构.2006,36(1).
[8]R. W. Clough, J彭津,王光远等译.结构动力学[M].北京：科学出版社,1981。
[9]沈世钊,陈听.网壳结构的稳定性[M].北京：科学出版社,1999。
[10]康晓菊,丁洁民,何志军.北京奥运会乒乓球馆屋盖结构的弹塑性极限承载力分析.结构工程师,2005.21(6)。
[11]华毅杰,预应力混凝土结构火灾反应及抗火性能研究：[博士学位论文],同济大学,2000。
[12]席根喜,钢结构暨空间结构的抗火设计综述,中国安全科学学报,2001,11(4)：40-44。
[13]董新明,由典型火灾论钢结构建筑防火与抗火设计,消防科学与技术,2002。
[14]殷颖志,钢结构高强螺栓受拉及受剪连接在高温(火灾)下的性能：[硕士论文],上海；同济大学,2001。
[15]赵金城,沈祖炎,钢结构抗火分析的材性模型,工业建筑,1996,20(41)：61-72。
[16]丁军,李国强,蒋首超,火灾下钢结构构件的温度分析,钢结构,2002,17(58)：53-57。
[17]赵金城,沈祖炎,钢结构抗火设计的燃烧模型及温度传播,工业建筑,1994,13(7)：12-15。
[18]霍然,李元洲,金旭辉等,大空间建筑内火灾烟气充填的研究,自然灾害学报,2000, 9(1)：88-92。
[19]李国强,蒋首超,林桂祥,钢结构抗火设计与计算,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000[17],2000。
[20]蒋首超,李国强,楼国彪等,钢一混凝土组合楼盖抗火性能的数值分析法,建筑结构学报,2004,25(3)：45-50
[21]姜兰潮,杨乃勰,钢网壳抗火非线性有限元分析,中国安全科学学报,2006,16(2)：39—42。
[22]李国强,郭世雄,蒋首超等,上海南站钢屋盖结构性能化抗火安全评估,建筑钢结构进展,2005,7(2)：31—36。
[23]罗涛,预应力网架结构的抗火理论与计算研究,[硕士学位论文],辽宁：辽宁工程技术大学,2003。
[24]J Y Richard Liew,火灾下钢结构性能与高等分析,建筑钢结构进展,2003,5(2),
[25]李国强。杜咏,大空间建筑顶部火灾空气升温的参数消防科学与技术,2005,24(1)：
[26]霍然,袁宏永,性能化建筑防火分析与设计,安徽科学技术出版社,2003.9。
[27]李国强,杜咏,实用大空间建筑火灾空气升温经验公式,消防科学与技。
[2]董石廖,姚谏.钢网壳结构在我国的发展与应用[J}.钢结构.1994(1)。
[3]Cuocu, DingThin. Long-span Roofsli-ucture. Modem Steel Structure. 1994(5)。
[4]哈尔滨建筑工程学院.大跨房屋钢结构[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社.1993。
[5]李东升,张耀春,张福海.三角形截面的空间格构式刚架体系静力参数分析[J}.建筑钡结构进展.2004.6。
[6]张耀春,张秀华.截面为三角形的空间格构式圆拱平面内整体稳定性能分析{J}.工业建筑.2004.3。
[7]关海涛,周建龙,王俊等.上海铁路南站新型大跨度钢屋盖结构抗震研究叮],建筑结构.2006,36(1).
[8]R. W. Clough, J彭津,王光远等译.结构动力学[M].北京：科学出版社,1981。
[9]沈世钊,陈听.网壳结构的稳定性[M].北京：科学出版社,1999。
[10]康晓菊,丁洁民,何志军.北京奥运会乒乓球馆屋盖结构的弹塑性极限承载力分析.结构工程师,2005.21(6)。
[11]华毅杰,预应力混凝土结构火灾反应及抗火性能研究：[博士学位论文],同济大学,2000。
[12]席根喜,钢结构暨空间结构的抗火设计综述,中国安全科学学报,2001,11(4)：40-44。
[13]董新明,由典型火灾论钢结构建筑防火与抗火设计,消防科学与技术,2002。
[14]殷颖志,钢结构高强螺栓受拉及受剪连接在高温(火灾)下的性能：[硕士论文],上海；同济大学,2001。
[15]赵金城,沈祖炎,钢结构抗火分析的材性模型,工业建筑,1996,20(41)：61-72。
[16]丁军,李国强,蒋首超,火灾下钢结构构件的温度分析,钢结构,2002,17(58)：53-57。
[17]赵金城,沈祖炎,钢结构抗火设计的燃烧模型及温度传播,工业建筑,1994,13(7)：12-15。
[18]霍然,李元洲,金旭辉等,大空间建筑内火灾烟气充填的研究,自然灾害学报,2000, 9(1)：88-92。
[19]李国强,蒋首超,林桂祥,钢结构抗火设计与计算,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000[17],2000。
[20]蒋首超,李国强,楼国彪等,钢一混凝土组合楼盖抗火性能的数值分析法,建筑结构学报,2004,25(3)：45-50
[21]姜兰潮,杨乃勰,钢网壳抗火非线性有限元分析,中国安全科学学报,2006,16(2)：39—42。
[22]李国强,郭世雄,蒋首超等,上海南站钢屋盖结构性能化抗火安全评估,建筑钢结构进展,2005,7(2)：31—36。
[23]罗涛,预应力网架结构的抗火理论与计算研究,[硕士学位论文],辽宁：辽宁工程技术大学,2003。
[24]J Y Richard Liew,火灾下钢结构性能与高等分析,建筑钢结构进展,2003,5(2),
[25]李国强。杜咏,大空间建筑顶部火灾空气升温的参数消防科学与技术,2005,24(1)：
[26]霍然,袁宏永,性能化建筑防火分析与设计,安徽科学技术出版社,2003.9。
[27]李国强,杜咏,实用大空间建筑火灾空气升温经验公式,消防科学与技。