生物质热解液化系统冷凝器堵塞问题实验研究
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摘要
本文主要针对生物质热解实验设备中冷凝系统经常发生堵塞的问题进行研究,在此基础上,设计新的冷凝用换热器进行实验并用Fluent软件进行优化。主要的研究成果如下:
1.利用气相色谱和气质联用仪分析了生物油和堵塞物的物质组成和含量比例,分析引起堵塞物形成的主要成分。
2.造成冷凝器管路堵塞的机理是由于生物质热解气携带了大量细微的炭颗粒进入冷凝用换热器,在换热器表面形成气溶胶、液固溶胶,通称为换热器的微粒污垢。污垢物质不断堆积,最终导致冷凝用换热器管路堵塞。
3.热解反应温度和气固分离的程度对污垢的形成有至关重要的作用。实验发现当热解温度控制在500-520℃时对热解形成的炭产量有很好的抑制。
4.设计加装了两级旋风分离器,对热解气和炭颗粒分离效果明显改善。设计了新冷凝换热器。换热器内筒结构选用浮头式;换热管采用U型管;换热器外筒增设水夹套。利用Fluent模拟换热器内流体流动,优化换热器结构。安装调试完成后进行热解实验,达到预期的缓解堵塞的效果。
This paper mainly research the problem of block happened in the condensation system of biomass pyrolysis equipments. The heat exchanger, based on the results above, had been designed for new structure and optimize by the CFD code fluent. The following introductions are the main research results.
1. Via GC and GC/MS, to analysis the composition and quality rate of bio-oil and substances of block. The main aim is to find out the vital substance what causes the block.
2. The principle of block in condensers is that pyrolysis gas carry with a great amount of char to flow into the condensers and the mixture form the gas dispersoid and liquid-soild dispersoid usually called small particles fouling of condensers. With the increasing volume of fouling, it finally causes the block of tubes.
3. The main influencing factors of fouling are the temperature of pyrolysis and the degree of separation of gas and char by cyclones. When the pyrolysis temperature had been controlled in the range of 500 and 520℃, the forming of fouling had been suppressed better.
4. Installing the second level of cyclone, it can make the better separation of gas and char than before. The new structure of the heat exchanger had been designed. The structure of new heat exchanger consists of floating head condenser, U-tube as the inner tube of heat exchanger and the jacket outside cyclinder. The structure of heat exchanger might be optimized via stimulation of fluid flow by CFD code Fluent. After the installing and adjustment for new heat exchanger, the anticipated aim of releasing block had been accomplished.
1.利用气相色谱和气质联用仪分析了生物油和堵塞物的物质组成和含量比例,分析引起堵塞物形成的主要成分。
2.造成冷凝器管路堵塞的机理是由于生物质热解气携带了大量细微的炭颗粒进入冷凝用换热器,在换热器表面形成气溶胶、液固溶胶,通称为换热器的微粒污垢。污垢物质不断堆积,最终导致冷凝用换热器管路堵塞。
3.热解反应温度和气固分离的程度对污垢的形成有至关重要的作用。实验发现当热解温度控制在500-520℃时对热解形成的炭产量有很好的抑制。
4.设计加装了两级旋风分离器,对热解气和炭颗粒分离效果明显改善。设计了新冷凝换热器。换热器内筒结构选用浮头式;换热管采用U型管;换热器外筒增设水夹套。利用Fluent模拟换热器内流体流动,优化换热器结构。安装调试完成后进行热解实验,达到预期的缓解堵塞的效果。
This paper mainly research the problem of block happened in the condensation system of biomass pyrolysis equipments. The heat exchanger, based on the results above, had been designed for new structure and optimize by the CFD code fluent. The following introductions are the main research results.
1. Via GC and GC/MS, to analysis the composition and quality rate of bio-oil and substances of block. The main aim is to find out the vital substance what causes the block.
2. The principle of block in condensers is that pyrolysis gas carry with a great amount of char to flow into the condensers and the mixture form the gas dispersoid and liquid-soild dispersoid usually called small particles fouling of condensers. With the increasing volume of fouling, it finally causes the block of tubes.
3. The main influencing factors of fouling are the temperature of pyrolysis and the degree of separation of gas and char by cyclones. When the pyrolysis temperature had been controlled in the range of 500 and 520℃, the forming of fouling had been suppressed better.
4. Installing the second level of cyclone, it can make the better separation of gas and char than before. The new structure of the heat exchanger had been designed. The structure of new heat exchanger consists of floating head condenser, U-tube as the inner tube of heat exchanger and the jacket outside cyclinder. The structure of heat exchanger might be optimized via stimulation of fluid flow by CFD code Fluent. After the installing and adjustment for new heat exchanger, the anticipated aim of releasing block had been accomplished.
引文
[1]日本能源学会.生物质和生物能源手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2007:53-90.
[2]刘荣厚,牛卫生,张大雷.生物质热化学转换技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:4-23.
[3]孙永明,孙振钧,.中国生物质能源与生物质利用现状与展望[J].可再生能源.2006,2:78-82.
[4]Hyun Ju Park J D J J.Effects of the operating parameters on the production of bio-oil[J].Chemical Engineering Joural.2008.
[5]T Cornelissen J Y G R.Flash co-pyrolysis ofbiomass with polylactic acid.Part 1:Influence on bio-oil yield and heating value[J].Fuel.2008,87:1031-1041.
[6]Demirbas A.The influence of temperature on the yields of compounds existing in bio-oils obtained from biomass samples via pyrolysis[J].Fuel processing technology.2007,88:591-597.
[7]栾敬德,刘荣厚,武丽娟.生物质快速热裂解制取生物油的研究[J].农机化研究.2006(12):206-211.
[8]刘世锋,王述洋.生物质热解液化装置中分离器及输送管道的设计[J].2006,19(6):41-42.
[9]R Fahmi A V B I.The effect oflignin and inorganic species in biomass on pyrolysis oil yields,quality and stability[J].Fuel.2007:1-11.
[10]王黎明,王述洋.国内外生物质热解液化装置的研发进展[J].太阳能学报.2006,27(11):1180-1183.
[11]李滨,王述洋.ZRS200型锥式生物质闪速热解装置液化冷凝技术的研究[J].林业机械与木工设备.2006,34(1):16-18.
[12]傅旭峰,仲兆平.生物质热解液化工艺及其影响因素[J].能源研究与利用.2008(3):16-20
[13]A V Bridgwater D M D R.An overview of fast pyrolysis of biomass[J].Organic Geochemistry.1999,30:1493-1497.
[14]刘荣厚.生物质快速热裂解制取生物油技术的研究进展[J].沈阳农业大学学报.2007,38(1):3-7.
[15]Bridgwater A V.Principles and practice ofbiomass fast pyrolysis[J].Journal of analytical and apptied pyrolysis.1999,55:3-22.
[16]Sipila K.Characterization of Biomass-Based Flash Pyrolysis Oils[J].Biomass and Bioenergy.1998,1(14):103-113.
[17]Burghardt A,Klepacka K.Comparison of various transport models in multicomponent condensation without inerts[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing.1997,36:75-85.
[18]Wang D.Production of Hydrogen Crom Biomass by Catalytic Steam Reforming[J].Energy and Fuels.1998,12:19-24.
[19]Pingdoria Rv L J H J.Structural characterization of biomass pyrolysis tars/oils from eucalyptus wood wastes:effect of H2 pressure and samples configuration[J].Fuel.1997,76(11):1013-1023.
[20]徐保江,李美玲,曾忠.旋转锥闪速热解生物质实验研究[J].环境工程.1999(17):71-74.
[21]任铮伟,徐清,陈明强.流化床生物质快速裂解制液体燃料[J].太阳能学报.2002,23(4):462-466.
[22]戴先文,周肇秋,吴创之.循环流化床作为生物质热解液化反应器的实验研究[J].2000,16(3):263-269.
[23]王栋.生物质热裂解实验研究及热裂解产物利用[D].浙江:浙江大学,2004.
[24]Zhang Qi C J W T.Review of biomass pyrolysis oil properties and upgrading research[J].Energy Conversion & Management.2007,48:87-92.
[25]Heping Cui J R G.Fluidization ofbiomass particles:Areviewof experimental multiphase[J].Chemical Engineering Science.2007,67:45-55.
[26]Suzuki T,Tobita Y,Yamanoa H.Development ofmulticomponent vaporization/condensation model for a reactor safety analysis code SIMMER-Ⅲ Extended verification using multi-bubble condensation experiment[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design.2003,220:240-254.
[27]Webb D R.Multicomponent condensation in a shell and tube condenser - A comprehensive dataset[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science.1998,16:366-379.
[28]Diebold J S J.Production of primary oils in a vortex reactor[J].ACS.1987,32(2):21-28.
[29]刘用鹿,谢军龙,沈国民.换热器堵塞故障的诊断与分析[J].建筑热能通风空调.2002(6):45-53.
[30]张琳.内置旋转扭带强化传热机理及清洗动力学研究[D].南京理工大学,2006.
[31]程立新,杨杰辉.换热设备防结垢技术进展[J].石油化工设备.2000,21(4):22-25.
[32]P W A.Fouling of augmented heat transfer tubes[J],Heat transfer engineering,1999,11(3):5-7.
[33]Wei Xinli M X Z J.Design and optimization of fluid-bed reactor of biomass pyrolysis system[C].浙江:浙江大学出版社,2006.
[34]贺心燕.生物质热解液化装置及工艺研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2008.
[35]杨巧利,刘一真,张瑞芹.GC-MS分析生物质热解油的研究[J].郑州大学学报理学版.2007,39(3):140-144.
[36]Zheng Ji-Lu Y W W N.Bio-oil production from cotton stalk[J].Energy Conversion and Management.2007,14(5):1-7.
[37]蒋恩臣,何光设.生物质热分解技术比较研究[J].2006,4:58-62.
[38]张军,范志林,林晓芬.生物质快速热解过程中产物的在线测定[J].东南大学学报.2005,35(1):16-19.
[39]Bridgwater A V P G V C.Fast pyrolysis process for biomass[J].Renewable and sustainable energy review.2000,4:1-73.
[40]于志家,朱冬青,王大明.气液固三相流动沸腾传热与抗垢性能的研究[J].高校化学工程学报.1999,13(5):447-451.
[41]蒋琳.生物质热解液化流化床内流动特性的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[42]Damon Honnery J G V S.Performance of a diesel engine fuelled by blends of diesel and kiln-produced pyroligneous tar[J].Biomass & Bioenergy.2008,32:258-265.
[43]杨善让,徐志明.换热设备的污垢和对策[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[44]江龙.胶体化学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[45]Donald S Scott P M B J.A second look at fast pyrolysis ofbiomass-the RTI process[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis.1999,51:23-37.
[46]Bo-Sung Kang K H L H.Fast pyrolysis of radiata pine in a bench scale plant with a fluidized bed:Influence of a char separation system and reaction conditions on the production ofbio-oil[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis.2006,76:32-37.
[47]减丹丹,陈良勇,任强强.生物质热解与燃烧特性试验研究[J].锅炉技术.2008,39(3):77-80.
[48]谭洪,王树荣,骆仲泱.生物质三组分热裂解行为的对比研究[J].燃烧化学学报.2006,34(1):61-65.
[49]Jacques Lede F B F N.Properties ofbio-oils produced by biomass fast pyrolysis in a cyclone reactor[J].Fuel.2007,86:1800-1810.
[50]Yusmady Mohamed Arifin T F M S.Diesel and bio-diesel fuel deposits on a hot surface[J].Fuel.2008,87:1601-1609.
[51]化工设备设计全书-换热器[Z].
[52]中华人民共和国行业标准HG/T 20569-1997机械搅拌设备[S].
[53]De Lemieux R R C C B.Preliminary engineering data for scale up ofa biomass[J].ACS.1987,32(2).
[54]Demirbas A.Biofuels sources,biofuel policy,biofuel economy and global biofuel projections[J].Energy Conversion and Management.2008:1-11.
[55]http://www.fluent.com/sof-tware/fluent/index.htm[Z].
[2]刘荣厚,牛卫生,张大雷.生物质热化学转换技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:4-23.
[3]孙永明,孙振钧,.中国生物质能源与生物质利用现状与展望[J].可再生能源.2006,2:78-82.
[4]Hyun Ju Park J D J J.Effects of the operating parameters on the production of bio-oil[J].Chemical Engineering Joural.2008.
[5]T Cornelissen J Y G R.Flash co-pyrolysis ofbiomass with polylactic acid.Part 1:Influence on bio-oil yield and heating value[J].Fuel.2008,87:1031-1041.
[6]Demirbas A.The influence of temperature on the yields of compounds existing in bio-oils obtained from biomass samples via pyrolysis[J].Fuel processing technology.2007,88:591-597.
[7]栾敬德,刘荣厚,武丽娟.生物质快速热裂解制取生物油的研究[J].农机化研究.2006(12):206-211.
[8]刘世锋,王述洋.生物质热解液化装置中分离器及输送管道的设计[J].2006,19(6):41-42.
[9]R Fahmi A V B I.The effect oflignin and inorganic species in biomass on pyrolysis oil yields,quality and stability[J].Fuel.2007:1-11.
[10]王黎明,王述洋.国内外生物质热解液化装置的研发进展[J].太阳能学报.2006,27(11):1180-1183.
[11]李滨,王述洋.ZRS200型锥式生物质闪速热解装置液化冷凝技术的研究[J].林业机械与木工设备.2006,34(1):16-18.
[12]傅旭峰,仲兆平.生物质热解液化工艺及其影响因素[J].能源研究与利用.2008(3):16-20
[13]A V Bridgwater D M D R.An overview of fast pyrolysis of biomass[J].Organic Geochemistry.1999,30:1493-1497.
[14]刘荣厚.生物质快速热裂解制取生物油技术的研究进展[J].沈阳农业大学学报.2007,38(1):3-7.
[15]Bridgwater A V.Principles and practice ofbiomass fast pyrolysis[J].Journal of analytical and apptied pyrolysis.1999,55:3-22.
[16]Sipila K.Characterization of Biomass-Based Flash Pyrolysis Oils[J].Biomass and Bioenergy.1998,1(14):103-113.
[17]Burghardt A,Klepacka K.Comparison of various transport models in multicomponent condensation without inerts[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing.1997,36:75-85.
[18]Wang D.Production of Hydrogen Crom Biomass by Catalytic Steam Reforming[J].Energy and Fuels.1998,12:19-24.
[19]Pingdoria Rv L J H J.Structural characterization of biomass pyrolysis tars/oils from eucalyptus wood wastes:effect of H2 pressure and samples configuration[J].Fuel.1997,76(11):1013-1023.
[20]徐保江,李美玲,曾忠.旋转锥闪速热解生物质实验研究[J].环境工程.1999(17):71-74.
[21]任铮伟,徐清,陈明强.流化床生物质快速裂解制液体燃料[J].太阳能学报.2002,23(4):462-466.
[22]戴先文,周肇秋,吴创之.循环流化床作为生物质热解液化反应器的实验研究[J].2000,16(3):263-269.
[23]王栋.生物质热裂解实验研究及热裂解产物利用[D].浙江:浙江大学,2004.
[24]Zhang Qi C J W T.Review of biomass pyrolysis oil properties and upgrading research[J].Energy Conversion & Management.2007,48:87-92.
[25]Heping Cui J R G.Fluidization ofbiomass particles:Areviewof experimental multiphase[J].Chemical Engineering Science.2007,67:45-55.
[26]Suzuki T,Tobita Y,Yamanoa H.Development ofmulticomponent vaporization/condensation model for a reactor safety analysis code SIMMER-Ⅲ Extended verification using multi-bubble condensation experiment[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design.2003,220:240-254.
[27]Webb D R.Multicomponent condensation in a shell and tube condenser - A comprehensive dataset[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science.1998,16:366-379.
[28]Diebold J S J.Production of primary oils in a vortex reactor[J].ACS.1987,32(2):21-28.
[29]刘用鹿,谢军龙,沈国民.换热器堵塞故障的诊断与分析[J].建筑热能通风空调.2002(6):45-53.
[30]张琳.内置旋转扭带强化传热机理及清洗动力学研究[D].南京理工大学,2006.
[31]程立新,杨杰辉.换热设备防结垢技术进展[J].石油化工设备.2000,21(4):22-25.
[32]P W A.Fouling of augmented heat transfer tubes[J],Heat transfer engineering,1999,11(3):5-7.
[33]Wei Xinli M X Z J.Design and optimization of fluid-bed reactor of biomass pyrolysis system[C].浙江:浙江大学出版社,2006.
[34]贺心燕.生物质热解液化装置及工艺研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2008.
[35]杨巧利,刘一真,张瑞芹.GC-MS分析生物质热解油的研究[J].郑州大学学报理学版.2007,39(3):140-144.
[36]Zheng Ji-Lu Y W W N.Bio-oil production from cotton stalk[J].Energy Conversion and Management.2007,14(5):1-7.
[37]蒋恩臣,何光设.生物质热分解技术比较研究[J].2006,4:58-62.
[38]张军,范志林,林晓芬.生物质快速热解过程中产物的在线测定[J].东南大学学报.2005,35(1):16-19.
[39]Bridgwater A V P G V C.Fast pyrolysis process for biomass[J].Renewable and sustainable energy review.2000,4:1-73.
[40]于志家,朱冬青,王大明.气液固三相流动沸腾传热与抗垢性能的研究[J].高校化学工程学报.1999,13(5):447-451.
[41]蒋琳.生物质热解液化流化床内流动特性的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[42]Damon Honnery J G V S.Performance of a diesel engine fuelled by blends of diesel and kiln-produced pyroligneous tar[J].Biomass & Bioenergy.2008,32:258-265.
[43]杨善让,徐志明.换热设备的污垢和对策[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[44]江龙.胶体化学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[45]Donald S Scott P M B J.A second look at fast pyrolysis ofbiomass-the RTI process[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis.1999,51:23-37.
[46]Bo-Sung Kang K H L H.Fast pyrolysis of radiata pine in a bench scale plant with a fluidized bed:Influence of a char separation system and reaction conditions on the production ofbio-oil[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis.2006,76:32-37.
[47]减丹丹,陈良勇,任强强.生物质热解与燃烧特性试验研究[J].锅炉技术.2008,39(3):77-80.
[48]谭洪,王树荣,骆仲泱.生物质三组分热裂解行为的对比研究[J].燃烧化学学报.2006,34(1):61-65.
[49]Jacques Lede F B F N.Properties ofbio-oils produced by biomass fast pyrolysis in a cyclone reactor[J].Fuel.2007,86:1800-1810.
[50]Yusmady Mohamed Arifin T F M S.Diesel and bio-diesel fuel deposits on a hot surface[J].Fuel.2008,87:1601-1609.
[51]化工设备设计全书-换热器[Z].
[52]中华人民共和国行业标准HG/T 20569-1997机械搅拌设备[S].
[53]De Lemieux R R C C B.Preliminary engineering data for scale up ofa biomass[J].ACS.1987,32(2).
[54]Demirbas A.Biofuels sources,biofuel policy,biofuel economy and global biofuel projections[J].Energy Conversion and Management.2008:1-11.
[55]http://www.fluent.com/sof-tware/fluent/index.htm[Z].