外来表音成分语素发展过程研究
摘要
外来表音成分指的是以表音的形式进入现代汉语表达系统的语言成分,在现代汉语的新词新语中是重要的组成部分。本文在前人研究的基础上,根据外来表音成分进入汉语的表音方式不同将其进行分类,并分析了外来表音成分在汉语中语素发展的过程、特点,并进行了外来表音成分语素化能力的考察。
引言部分在概括前人研究成果的基础上提出了本文的研究方向、范围、意义以及创新之处。
第一章主要根据依照是否包含源语言中的原形表音成分为标准,将本文的分析对象划分为汉字表音成分和原形表音成分两大类。其次,界定了语素发展过程这一核心的概念,将这一过程划分为语素化过程和语素演化过程两个阶段。
第二章主要讨论了如何判定一个语言成分属于一个确定的语素,探讨了学界常用的“同形替换法”的局限,并提出判断一个语言成分是否属于一个确定的语素主要看它的音义结合紧密程度这一看法。
第三章通过举例的方式按前期分类讨论了外来表音成分从不确定是一个汉语语素发展成为一个确定的汉语语素的过程,也就是外来表音成分由不确定语素发展到确定语素的过程。
第四章通过描写外来表音成分单音化的过程得出会出现这种语言现象的原因。
第五章描述了由外来表音成分发展而来的语素在汉语中演化的过程,主要表现在外来表音成分音节的演化和语义的扩大与引申。
第六章对外来表音成分发展过程的特点进行了分析,得出外来表音语素发展的过程是一个汉化的过程；其音义结合的紧密度影响其在汉语中的可接受度；外来表音成分语素在汉语中发展的过程受到其使用频率、语义类推能力强弱的影响；外来表音成分单音化中音节的选择受其结构顺序的影响这四个特点。
第七章通过搜集的语料对外来表音成分的语素化能力进行了考察和分析,并得出了语素化能力出现强弱之分的原因所在。最后,对全文进行了总结,并且提出了研究展望。
A phonogram from other language means a language element which combines into Chinese as an language element representing its pronunciation, it is a very important constituent of modern Chinese. The paper divides the phonograms into two main parts by their different ways of combining into modern Chinese, and we analyzed their developing process, features and researched the phonograms' ability of evolving into morphemes.
The introduction introduced the research directions, range, meaning and innovation of this thesis on the base of research findings which made by other researchers.
The first chapter mainly introduced the two classifications which divided by if it includes the word's original form in its source language:the one is representing pronunciations by Chinese characters which pronounced similarly, and the other is representing pronunciations by its original form. And, in this part, we defined a core concept, that is the morpheme developing process, and divided this process into morpheme process and morpheme evolution process.
The second chapter discussed how to predicate a language element has changed into an morpheme, the limitations of "Homomorphism Interchange Method" and raised a method to make a judge whether a language element belongs to a defined morpheme, that is to consider the tightness between its pronunciation and meaning.
The third chapter discussed the process which a language element changing from an undefined Chinese morpheme to a defined one, that is the process which phonograms developed from an undefined Chinese morpheme to a defined one.
The fourth chapter listed the process of multisyllable phonogram simplifed into single syllable morpheme, and its reason.
The fifth chapter described the evolution process of the morphemes which come from the phonograms in Chinese, and the mainly representations were the syllable evolution and the amplification of its meaning.
The sixth chapter made an assay of the characteristics of the developing process of phonograms from other languages, and finally we got four results:the first is the process of morpheme evolvement is also a process of Chinese localization, the second is the compactedness of phonogram's pronunciation and meaning would effect its acceptance in Chinese; the third is the process of morpheme evolvement effected by its using frequency and analogize capability; the fourth is when a multisyllable phonogram changed into a single syllable, the syllable chosen may effected by its structure order.
The seventh chapter reviewed and analysed the morpheme capability of phonograms from other languages, and got the reason why there represents different capabilities.
And the last part made a conclusion of the whole paper, and released a research outlook.
引言部分在概括前人研究成果的基础上提出了本文的研究方向、范围、意义以及创新之处。
第一章主要根据依照是否包含源语言中的原形表音成分为标准,将本文的分析对象划分为汉字表音成分和原形表音成分两大类。其次,界定了语素发展过程这一核心的概念,将这一过程划分为语素化过程和语素演化过程两个阶段。
第二章主要讨论了如何判定一个语言成分属于一个确定的语素,探讨了学界常用的“同形替换法”的局限,并提出判断一个语言成分是否属于一个确定的语素主要看它的音义结合紧密程度这一看法。
第三章通过举例的方式按前期分类讨论了外来表音成分从不确定是一个汉语语素发展成为一个确定的汉语语素的过程,也就是外来表音成分由不确定语素发展到确定语素的过程。
第四章通过描写外来表音成分单音化的过程得出会出现这种语言现象的原因。
第五章描述了由外来表音成分发展而来的语素在汉语中演化的过程,主要表现在外来表音成分音节的演化和语义的扩大与引申。
第六章对外来表音成分发展过程的特点进行了分析,得出外来表音语素发展的过程是一个汉化的过程；其音义结合的紧密度影响其在汉语中的可接受度；外来表音成分语素在汉语中发展的过程受到其使用频率、语义类推能力强弱的影响；外来表音成分单音化中音节的选择受其结构顺序的影响这四个特点。
第七章通过搜集的语料对外来表音成分的语素化能力进行了考察和分析,并得出了语素化能力出现强弱之分的原因所在。最后,对全文进行了总结,并且提出了研究展望。
A phonogram from other language means a language element which combines into Chinese as an language element representing its pronunciation, it is a very important constituent of modern Chinese. The paper divides the phonograms into two main parts by their different ways of combining into modern Chinese, and we analyzed their developing process, features and researched the phonograms' ability of evolving into morphemes.
The introduction introduced the research directions, range, meaning and innovation of this thesis on the base of research findings which made by other researchers.
The first chapter mainly introduced the two classifications which divided by if it includes the word's original form in its source language:the one is representing pronunciations by Chinese characters which pronounced similarly, and the other is representing pronunciations by its original form. And, in this part, we defined a core concept, that is the morpheme developing process, and divided this process into morpheme process and morpheme evolution process.
The second chapter discussed how to predicate a language element has changed into an morpheme, the limitations of "Homomorphism Interchange Method" and raised a method to make a judge whether a language element belongs to a defined morpheme, that is to consider the tightness between its pronunciation and meaning.
The third chapter discussed the process which a language element changing from an undefined Chinese morpheme to a defined one, that is the process which phonograms developed from an undefined Chinese morpheme to a defined one.
The fourth chapter listed the process of multisyllable phonogram simplifed into single syllable morpheme, and its reason.
The fifth chapter described the evolution process of the morphemes which come from the phonograms in Chinese, and the mainly representations were the syllable evolution and the amplification of its meaning.
The sixth chapter made an assay of the characteristics of the developing process of phonograms from other languages, and finally we got four results:the first is the process of morpheme evolvement is also a process of Chinese localization, the second is the compactedness of phonogram's pronunciation and meaning would effect its acceptance in Chinese; the third is the process of morpheme evolvement effected by its using frequency and analogize capability; the fourth is when a multisyllable phonogram changed into a single syllable, the syllable chosen may effected by its structure order.
The seventh chapter reviewed and analysed the morpheme capability of phonograms from other languages, and got the reason why there represents different capabilities.
And the last part made a conclusion of the whole paper, and released a research outlook.
引文
[1]Leonard Bloomfield, Language,外语教学与研究出版社,2002年1月
[2]Noam Chomsky, Knowledge of Language:Its Nature, Origin, and Use,外语教学与研究出版社,格林伍德出版集团,2002年2月
[3]Rod Ellis. Understanding Second Language Acquisition[M]上海外语教育出版社,2008
[4]Vivian Cook. Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition[M].外语研究与教育出版社,麦克米伦出版社,2000
[5]符淮青.词义的分析与描写[M].语文出版社,1996.
[6]方欣欣.语言接触三段两合论[M].华中师范大学出版社,2008
[7]郭鸿杰.英语对现代汉语的影响——语言认知研究法[M].上海交通大学出版社2005年9月
[8]国家汉语水平考试委员会办公室考试中心.《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》(修订本),经济科学出版社2001年6月
[9]贺国伟.新词语小词典[M].上海辞书出版社,2003
[10]侯敏,周荐2007汉语新词语[M].商务印书馆,2008
[11]侯敏,周荐2008汉语新词语[M].商务印书馆,2009
[12]胡欲树.现代汉语[M].上海教育出版社,1995
[13]亢世勇刘海润,现代汉语新词语辞典,上海辞书出版社,2009年11月
[14]吕叔湘.现代汉语八百词(增订本)[M].北京：商务印书馆.1999.
[15]陆志伟.汉语的构词法(修订本)[M].科学出版社,1964
[16]刘正琰.汉语外来词词典[M].上海辞书出版社,1984
[17]朗文当代英语大辞典(英英：英汉双解),商务印书馆,2004年6月
[18]李宗江.汉语常用词演变研究[M].汉语大词典出版社1999年
[19]邵敬敏.现代汉语通论[M].上海教育出版社,2001
[20]王均熙,汉语新词辞典2005-2010,学林出版社,2011年1月
[21]邢福义.现代汉语[M].高等教育出版社,1991
[22]叶蜚声,徐通锵语言学纲要[M].北京大学出版社,1997
[23]杨锡彭.汉语语素论[M].南京大学出版社,2003
[24]杨锡彭.汉语外来词研究[M].上海人民出版社,2007年9月第一版
[25]朱德熙.语法讲义[M].商务印书馆,1982.
[26]中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室.现代汉语词典(第5版)[M].商务印书馆,2007
[27]邹嘉彦游汝杰,21世纪话语新词语辞典,复旦大学出版社,2007年5月
[1]陈小燕.汉语新词新语的文化考察[J].广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001(2)
[2]刘禀诚.音译词语素化：汉语新词产生的新途径[J].阅读与写作,2003(3)
[3]刘晓梅.当代汉语新词语对汉语语素系统的影响[J].暨南大学学报,2005(1)
[4]苏新春.当代汉语外来单音语素的形成和提取[J].中国语文,2003(6)
[5]魏慧萍.汉语外来词素初探[J].汉语学习,2002(1)
[6]朱爱华.文化趋同下的语言融合[J].和田师范专科学校学报(汉文综合版),2007,27(3)
[7]周洪波.外来词译音成分的语素化[J].语言文字应用,1995(4)
[8]朱光华.关于外来语素[J].昭乌达蒙族师专学报,2000,21(2)
[9]周一农.外来语素略论(上)[J].绍兴文理学院学报,1998,18(1)
[2]Noam Chomsky, Knowledge of Language:Its Nature, Origin, and Use,外语教学与研究出版社,格林伍德出版集团,2002年2月
[3]Rod Ellis. Understanding Second Language Acquisition[M]上海外语教育出版社,2008
[4]Vivian Cook. Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition[M].外语研究与教育出版社,麦克米伦出版社,2000
[5]符淮青.词义的分析与描写[M].语文出版社,1996.
[6]方欣欣.语言接触三段两合论[M].华中师范大学出版社,2008
[7]郭鸿杰.英语对现代汉语的影响——语言认知研究法[M].上海交通大学出版社2005年9月
[8]国家汉语水平考试委员会办公室考试中心.《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》(修订本),经济科学出版社2001年6月
[9]贺国伟.新词语小词典[M].上海辞书出版社,2003
[10]侯敏,周荐2007汉语新词语[M].商务印书馆,2008
[11]侯敏,周荐2008汉语新词语[M].商务印书馆,2009
[12]胡欲树.现代汉语[M].上海教育出版社,1995
[13]亢世勇刘海润,现代汉语新词语辞典,上海辞书出版社,2009年11月
[14]吕叔湘.现代汉语八百词(增订本)[M].北京：商务印书馆.1999.
[15]陆志伟.汉语的构词法(修订本)[M].科学出版社,1964
[16]刘正琰.汉语外来词词典[M].上海辞书出版社,1984
[17]朗文当代英语大辞典(英英：英汉双解),商务印书馆,2004年6月
[18]李宗江.汉语常用词演变研究[M].汉语大词典出版社1999年
[19]邵敬敏.现代汉语通论[M].上海教育出版社,2001
[20]王均熙,汉语新词辞典2005-2010,学林出版社,2011年1月
[21]邢福义.现代汉语[M].高等教育出版社,1991
[22]叶蜚声,徐通锵语言学纲要[M].北京大学出版社,1997
[23]杨锡彭.汉语语素论[M].南京大学出版社,2003
[24]杨锡彭.汉语外来词研究[M].上海人民出版社,2007年9月第一版
[25]朱德熙.语法讲义[M].商务印书馆,1982.
[26]中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室.现代汉语词典(第5版)[M].商务印书馆,2007
[27]邹嘉彦游汝杰,21世纪话语新词语辞典,复旦大学出版社,2007年5月
[1]陈小燕.汉语新词新语的文化考察[J].广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001(2)
[2]刘禀诚.音译词语素化：汉语新词产生的新途径[J].阅读与写作,2003(3)
[3]刘晓梅.当代汉语新词语对汉语语素系统的影响[J].暨南大学学报,2005(1)
[4]苏新春.当代汉语外来单音语素的形成和提取[J].中国语文,2003(6)
[5]魏慧萍.汉语外来词素初探[J].汉语学习,2002(1)
[6]朱爱华.文化趋同下的语言融合[J].和田师范专科学校学报(汉文综合版),2007,27(3)
[7]周洪波.外来词译音成分的语素化[J].语言文字应用,1995(4)
[8]朱光华.关于外来语素[J].昭乌达蒙族师专学报,2000,21(2)
[9]周一农.外来语素略论(上)[J].绍兴文理学院学报,1998,18(1)