基于语义Web的LBS服务架构及其服务发现算法研究
|
摘要
现有的LBS服务集成平台没有很好的将位置服务及空间数据服务与Web服务集成在一起，形成完整的服务体系。对于支持LBS服务描述的语义，扩展性不强。目前的LBS服务匹配算法以集中式的居多，对于大规模、分布式的服务发现算法研究的不够。针对上述问题本文做了以下工作：
提出了基于语义Web的分布式LBS服务平台体系架构。将分布的位置应用服务和地理空间数据服务与Web服务集成在一起，实现了数据与服务的共享与互操作，形成了完整的服务体系。
从本体分类和分布式混合本体模式两个维度构建了LBS本体架构，并对LBS本体进行了建模。重点放在LBS领域本体、应用本体和LBSQoS本体的建模上，为LBS服务发现提供了语义支撑。
设计了语义Web服务注册中心的体系结构。增加了语义管理模块，并对QoS进行了语义扩展；提出了基于语义的注册中心三阶段服务匹配模型；设计了基于P2P的分布式服务发现模块。
在服务描述语义标注和基于语义的三阶段服务匹配模型基础上，设计了高效、综合的语义服务匹配算法。提出了基于细粒度的综合语义相似度算法，提高了服务匹配的查准率和查全率。对基于词汇的语义标注算法进行了改进，提出一种基于多词典的相似度计算方法，提高了语义相似度计算方法的可靠性。
分布式服务发现过程中，在设置语义路由表的基础上，引入蚁群算法的概率选择机制，提出了基于蚁群算法的分布式服务发现算法。通过设置每个节点的蚁群信息素矩阵和报文发送并发数量，提高了服务发现的召回率和效率。
对于车载网服务，提出了一个基于车载网的语义路由协议算法，算法考虑了车载网动态P2P的特点，将基于本体的语义路由发现算法应用其中，探索该应用的可行性和有效性，实验证明该应用能够在基本实现高召回率的基础上，对网络负载不会造成过大开销。
Location Based Service (LBS) is based on wireless Internet technology andmobile communication technology, combined with the mobile positioning technologyto provide the current geographical position and the surrounding business informationfor mobile wireless terminal. With the development and prevalence of GPS mobilephone and intelligent mobile phone, people’s way of life has changed greatly In orderto meet people’s urgent needs of LBS, Location Based Service has become a hotindustry in current society. For the application of LBS, it’s required to provide thecomprehensive spatial information service for users, while the supportedgeographical spatial data is huge, with much thematic data, and real-time update isalso demanded, therefore, the current hotspots of research are how to share, integrate,and manage the distributed positioning resources and spatial information resources,how to share and integrate the distributed location application service, and how toconstruct the distributed LBS service platform in LBS application.
Web service integrates the existing application software in a distributed andloose coupling way to realize thesharing and reuse of the software and hardware anddata on Internet. Semantic Web service combines the advantages of the semantic Weband Web serviceIn the service description, it adds the semantic information based onontology, which is a kind of intelligent Web service. On Internet, Web service isgrowing rapidly, and all kinds of services are huge, even the same type of service inthe service registration center may also be thousands upon thousands,moreover, thedistributed multiple service registration centers may operate simultaneously, forminga P2P network. To quickly find the most accurateand complete service is theultimate goal of semantic Web service discovery research. In order to improve the service’s precision rate and recall rate, semantic Web services discovery combinessemantic information with Web service discovery.
The existing LBS service integration platform does not achieve a completeservice system, which should make a nice combination of the location service and thespatial data service and Web service together. It is not good enough for expandingthe service semantic description supported LBS. The construction of LBS domainontology, is still at the primary stage. The existing LBS service matching algorithmsare mainly based on the centralization, and the research of large-scale and thedistributed service discovery algorithms is not enough.
In view of the above questions, the following work has been done in this paper:
1. Construct the LBS service platform structure based on semantic Web
With reference to the issued standard and criterion by the geography branch ofInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO/TC211) and Opern GISConsortium (OGC), a distributed LBS service platform structure based on semanticWeb is proposed in the paper, and the detailed introduction is also done for thestructure of semantic registration center in service layer, moreover, a distributed LBSintegrated service topology structure, and the deployment of intelligent agents basedon P2P network, so that the distributed positioning application service, geographicalspatial data service and Web service are all integrated together, which can realize thesharing and mutual operation of all kinds of spatial resources and services in LBSapplication area, forming a complete service system.
2. Construct the ontology structure ofLBS and expand LBS services semanticdescription
After the introduction of the ontology definition, classification and basicmodeling original language, LBS ontology architecture is constructed from ontologyclassification and distributed hybrid ontology mode in two dimensions. LBS ontologyis modeled according to the modeling rules The core parts are the modeling of LBSdomain ontology and application ontology, the expanding of QoS semantic description, and the construction of LBS QoS ontology which is the semantic supportof LBS service discovery.
3. Define a semantic service registration center structure and construct a servicediscovery framework based on semantic.
The semantic Web service registration center structure is designed. In thedistributed LBS service architecture based on semantic Web service, the mostimportant part is the design of the UDDI registration center. In the design, on the baseof the traditional UDDI management modules, semantic management module isaddedto manage ontology knowledge base and semantic routing and tag semantic, aswell as OWL_S language is used to descripte Web services and the semanticextension of QoS is done; then the registration center service matching is designed inthe service discovery modules, and the three stages service matching model based onsemantic description is proposed in the paper,which consist of the type of servicematching, the function of service matching and the quality of service matching;inaddition, according to the characteristics of distribution, the P2P distributed servicediscovery module is also designed; finally the Agent technology isintrouced, makingintegrated platform has good intelligence.
4. An efficient and comprehensive semantic service matching algorithm isdesigned on basis of multi-stage service matching model
An efficient and comprehensive semantic service matching algorithm isdesignedaccording to the semantic annotation of service description and semanticthree-stage service matching model. The multi-dictionary similarity algorithm isspecific introuduced, which improves the lexical semantic tagging algorithmthroughcombining multiple dictionaries to increase the realiability of dictionary similaritycalculation method. A fine grained comprehensive semantic similarity algorithm isalso proposed which combines with the depth, density and concept attributesimilarityof the ontoloty concept tree to educe the comprehensive semantic similarity betweentwo concepts. In addition, QoS matching algorithm is put forward. Through the combined application of the three algorithms, the service matching precision andrecall ratio are improved.
5. A distributed service discovery algorithm based on ant colony algorithm isput forword
A novel distributed service discovery algorithm based on ant colony algorithm isproposed, in which the semantic routing is set in P2P distributed network and theprobability selection mechanism based on ant colony algorithm is introduced. In theprocess of the distributed service discovery, the ant colony pheromone matrix and theconcurrent quantity of messageof each node are set. Thus, when choosing the nexthop node, the message would make the probability choice according to thedistribution of the pheromone; moreover, the optimal parameter can be determinedthrough the parameter analysis of the concurrent quantity of the message Futhermore,the results of the simulation experiment show that this algorithm could improve therecall rate and efficiency of the distributed service discovery compared with thetraditional algorithm.
6. For vehicle network service, service search algorithm on basis of semanticrouting is proposed
A semantic routing protocol based on the vehicle network is proposedthrough theuse of domain LBS ontology model. Then the availability of these workwascomfirmed by experiment. The innovation of this algorithm contains theconsideration of the characteristics of the vehicle network dynamic P2P, and theapplication of the ontology semantic routing discovery algorithm to explore itsfeasibility and availability. The experiment shows that it could achieve good recallrate without too much network load.
The LBS service platform architecture based on the semantic Web is constructedin the paper, and the LBS semantic description is also expanded, besides, the semanticservice discovery algorithm is also improved which has the certain theory significanceand application value.
提出了基于语义Web的分布式LBS服务平台体系架构。将分布的位置应用服务和地理空间数据服务与Web服务集成在一起，实现了数据与服务的共享与互操作，形成了完整的服务体系。
从本体分类和分布式混合本体模式两个维度构建了LBS本体架构，并对LBS本体进行了建模。重点放在LBS领域本体、应用本体和LBSQoS本体的建模上，为LBS服务发现提供了语义支撑。
设计了语义Web服务注册中心的体系结构。增加了语义管理模块，并对QoS进行了语义扩展；提出了基于语义的注册中心三阶段服务匹配模型；设计了基于P2P的分布式服务发现模块。
在服务描述语义标注和基于语义的三阶段服务匹配模型基础上，设计了高效、综合的语义服务匹配算法。提出了基于细粒度的综合语义相似度算法，提高了服务匹配的查准率和查全率。对基于词汇的语义标注算法进行了改进，提出一种基于多词典的相似度计算方法，提高了语义相似度计算方法的可靠性。
分布式服务发现过程中，在设置语义路由表的基础上，引入蚁群算法的概率选择机制，提出了基于蚁群算法的分布式服务发现算法。通过设置每个节点的蚁群信息素矩阵和报文发送并发数量，提高了服务发现的召回率和效率。
对于车载网服务，提出了一个基于车载网的语义路由协议算法，算法考虑了车载网动态P2P的特点，将基于本体的语义路由发现算法应用其中，探索该应用的可行性和有效性，实验证明该应用能够在基本实现高召回率的基础上，对网络负载不会造成过大开销。
Location Based Service (LBS) is based on wireless Internet technology andmobile communication technology, combined with the mobile positioning technologyto provide the current geographical position and the surrounding business informationfor mobile wireless terminal. With the development and prevalence of GPS mobilephone and intelligent mobile phone, people’s way of life has changed greatly In orderto meet people’s urgent needs of LBS, Location Based Service has become a hotindustry in current society. For the application of LBS, it’s required to provide thecomprehensive spatial information service for users, while the supportedgeographical spatial data is huge, with much thematic data, and real-time update isalso demanded, therefore, the current hotspots of research are how to share, integrate,and manage the distributed positioning resources and spatial information resources,how to share and integrate the distributed location application service, and how toconstruct the distributed LBS service platform in LBS application.
Web service integrates the existing application software in a distributed andloose coupling way to realize thesharing and reuse of the software and hardware anddata on Internet. Semantic Web service combines the advantages of the semantic Weband Web serviceIn the service description, it adds the semantic information based onontology, which is a kind of intelligent Web service. On Internet, Web service isgrowing rapidly, and all kinds of services are huge, even the same type of service inthe service registration center may also be thousands upon thousands,moreover, thedistributed multiple service registration centers may operate simultaneously, forminga P2P network. To quickly find the most accurateand complete service is theultimate goal of semantic Web service discovery research. In order to improve the service’s precision rate and recall rate, semantic Web services discovery combinessemantic information with Web service discovery.
The existing LBS service integration platform does not achieve a completeservice system, which should make a nice combination of the location service and thespatial data service and Web service together. It is not good enough for expandingthe service semantic description supported LBS. The construction of LBS domainontology, is still at the primary stage. The existing LBS service matching algorithmsare mainly based on the centralization, and the research of large-scale and thedistributed service discovery algorithms is not enough.
In view of the above questions, the following work has been done in this paper:
1. Construct the LBS service platform structure based on semantic Web
With reference to the issued standard and criterion by the geography branch ofInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO/TC211) and Opern GISConsortium (OGC), a distributed LBS service platform structure based on semanticWeb is proposed in the paper, and the detailed introduction is also done for thestructure of semantic registration center in service layer, moreover, a distributed LBSintegrated service topology structure, and the deployment of intelligent agents basedon P2P network, so that the distributed positioning application service, geographicalspatial data service and Web service are all integrated together, which can realize thesharing and mutual operation of all kinds of spatial resources and services in LBSapplication area, forming a complete service system.
2. Construct the ontology structure ofLBS and expand LBS services semanticdescription
After the introduction of the ontology definition, classification and basicmodeling original language, LBS ontology architecture is constructed from ontologyclassification and distributed hybrid ontology mode in two dimensions. LBS ontologyis modeled according to the modeling rules The core parts are the modeling of LBSdomain ontology and application ontology, the expanding of QoS semantic description, and the construction of LBS QoS ontology which is the semantic supportof LBS service discovery.
3. Define a semantic service registration center structure and construct a servicediscovery framework based on semantic.
The semantic Web service registration center structure is designed. In thedistributed LBS service architecture based on semantic Web service, the mostimportant part is the design of the UDDI registration center. In the design, on the baseof the traditional UDDI management modules, semantic management module isaddedto manage ontology knowledge base and semantic routing and tag semantic, aswell as OWL_S language is used to descripte Web services and the semanticextension of QoS is done; then the registration center service matching is designed inthe service discovery modules, and the three stages service matching model based onsemantic description is proposed in the paper,which consist of the type of servicematching, the function of service matching and the quality of service matching;inaddition, according to the characteristics of distribution, the P2P distributed servicediscovery module is also designed; finally the Agent technology isintrouced, makingintegrated platform has good intelligence.
4. An efficient and comprehensive semantic service matching algorithm isdesigned on basis of multi-stage service matching model
An efficient and comprehensive semantic service matching algorithm isdesignedaccording to the semantic annotation of service description and semanticthree-stage service matching model. The multi-dictionary similarity algorithm isspecific introuduced, which improves the lexical semantic tagging algorithmthroughcombining multiple dictionaries to increase the realiability of dictionary similaritycalculation method. A fine grained comprehensive semantic similarity algorithm isalso proposed which combines with the depth, density and concept attributesimilarityof the ontoloty concept tree to educe the comprehensive semantic similarity betweentwo concepts. In addition, QoS matching algorithm is put forward. Through the combined application of the three algorithms, the service matching precision andrecall ratio are improved.
5. A distributed service discovery algorithm based on ant colony algorithm isput forword
A novel distributed service discovery algorithm based on ant colony algorithm isproposed, in which the semantic routing is set in P2P distributed network and theprobability selection mechanism based on ant colony algorithm is introduced. In theprocess of the distributed service discovery, the ant colony pheromone matrix and theconcurrent quantity of messageof each node are set. Thus, when choosing the nexthop node, the message would make the probability choice according to thedistribution of the pheromone; moreover, the optimal parameter can be determinedthrough the parameter analysis of the concurrent quantity of the message Futhermore,the results of the simulation experiment show that this algorithm could improve therecall rate and efficiency of the distributed service discovery compared with thetraditional algorithm.
6. For vehicle network service, service search algorithm on basis of semanticrouting is proposed
A semantic routing protocol based on the vehicle network is proposedthrough theuse of domain LBS ontology model. Then the availability of these workwascomfirmed by experiment. The innovation of this algorithm contains theconsideration of the characteristics of the vehicle network dynamic P2P, and theapplication of the ontology semantic routing discovery algorithm to explore itsfeasibility and availability. The experiment shows that it could achieve good recallrate without too much network load.
The LBS service platform architecture based on the semantic Web is constructedin the paper, and the LBS semantic description is also expanded, besides, the semanticservice discovery algorithm is also improved which has the certain theory significanceand application value.
引文
[1]中商情报网.2011-2015年中国移动位置服务（LBS）行业调查及投资前景咨询报告.http://www.askci.com/reports/2010-04/2010422151313.html
[2]林俞先.基于SIG框架的数字城市LBS体系结构与关键技术研究[D]:北京大学博士学位论文,2007.
[3]X. WANG, et al. LBS-p: A LBS platform supporting online map services [C].2010IEEE72nd Vehicular Technology Conference Fall, VTC2010-Fall, September6,2010-September9,2010
[4]X. U. XINCHAO, et al. A new location method for LBS based on image [J]. InformationTechnology Journal,2011,10(11):2175-2181.
[5]D. ZHANG, et al. Research on service matching method for LBS [J]. InternationalJournal of Advancements in Computing Technology,2011,3(6):131-138.
[6]F. ZHU, et al. Towards spatial information services in LBS: A GML-based approach [C].2010International Conference on Machine Vision and Human-Machine Interface, MVHI2010, April24,2010-April25,2010:588-591
[7]T. WOODLEY, S. GAGNON. BPM and SOA: Synergies and challenges [C].6thInternational Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, WISE2005,November20,2005-November22,2005:679-688
[8]G. CUOMO. IBM SOA "on the edge"[C]. SIGMOD2005: ACM SIGMOD InternationalConference on Management of Data, June14,2005-June16,2005:840-843
[9]Z. DUAN, et al. SOA without web services: A pragmatic implementation of SOA forfinancial transactions systems [C].2005IEEE International Conference on ServicesComputing, SCC2005, July11,2005-July15,2005:243-250
[10]E. A. ENDREI M. Patterns: Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services [M].America: IBM,2004.
[11]W3C. Web Services Architecture[M/OL].2003. http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-arch
[12]W3C. Web Services Description Language(WSDL)2.0.http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl20,.W3C，2006
[13]OASIS. The UNIVERSAL Description, Discovery and Integration(UDDI)specifications, version3.0.2. http://uddi.org/pubs/uddi_v3.html.Oct.2004
[14]曹洪江.基于用户需求的Web服务组合系统研究[D]:武汉理工大学博士学位论文,2010.
[15]W3C. Simple Objece Access Protocol(SOAP)1.2. www.w3.org/TR/SOAP12,2003.
[16]T. BERNERS-LEE, et al. The Semantic Web-A new form of Web content that ismeaningful tocomputers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities [J]. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN,2001,284(5):34+.
[17]T. BERNERS-LEE, J. HENDLER. Publishing on the semantic web-The comingInternet revolution willprofoundly affect scientific information.[J]. NATURE,2001,410(6832):1023-1024.
[18]宋雅娟. Web服务组合方法研究[D]:吉林大学博士学位论文,2011.
[19]C. SURIANARAYANAN, G. GANAPATHY. Elimination of irrelevancy duringsemantic service discovery using clustering approach [C].1st International Conferenceon Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, CCSEIT2011,September23,2011-September25,2011:307-315
[20]S. KANG, et al. A semantic service discovery network for large-scale ubiquitouscomputing environments [J]. ETRI Journal,2007,29(5):545-558.
[21]K. DONGPIL, et al. User care preference-based semantic service discovery in aubiquitous environment [C].35th Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practiceof Computer Science, SOFSEM2009, January24,2009-January30,2009:365-375
[22]高吉良.基于P2P的语义Web服务的发现机制研究[D]:北京邮电大学,2009.
[23]丁明伟.基于OWL_S的语义化Web服务检索模型研究[D]:重庆大学,2010.
[24]M. OUZIRI, D. PELLIER. Agent-based semantic composition of web services usingdistributed description logics [C].15th International Conference on Knowledge-Basedand Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, KES2011, September12,2011-September14,2011:548-557
[25]D. SKLAVAKIS, I. REFANIDIS. Ontology-based authoring of intelligentmodel-tracing math tutors [C].14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence:Methodology, Systems, and Applications, AIMSA2010, September8,2010-September10,2010:201-210
[26]G. HE, L. AN. Ontology language OWL research study [C]. International Conference onManagement and Service Science, MASS2011, August12,2011-August14,2011:IEEE Wuhan Section; Wuhan University; Nankai University; Fuzhou University;University of Science and Technology Beijing
[27]R. BAEZA-YATES. Berthier Ribeiro-Neto. Modern Information Retrieval [M].:Addison Wesley Longman,1999.
[28]魏登萍.语义Web服务发现中匹配策略的研究与实现[D]:国防科学技术大学博士学位论文,2011.
[29]ISO. TC211.ISO19119Geographic information-Services Specification[EB/OL].2004.http://www.statkart.no/isotc211
[30]I. ISO/TP211. Geographic Information Services.2005.
[31]OSF. OpenGIS Web Service Framework[EB/OL].(2007-04-02)[2010-03-13].http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Software_Foundation.
[32]OGC2007. OpenGIS Location Services(OpenLS):Core Services(OGC07-074)[S].O.G. C. Inc,2008
[33]Autodesk LocationLogic.http://saarc.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/item?siteID=5967151&id=11436288
[34]周文生，毛锋，胡鹏.开放式WebGIS的理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[35]中国移动通信有限公司.基于CELLID位置业务(LBS)的LSP设备技术规范2008
[36]中国移动通信有限公司.中国移动位置业务(LBS)总体技术要求2008
[37]H. HAAV, et al. Ontology-based retrieval of spatially related objects for location basedservices [C]. Confederated International Conferences on On the Move to MeaningfulInternet Systems, OTM2009: CoopIS2009, DOA2009, IS2009and ODBASE2009,November1,2009-November6,2009:1010-1024
[38]J. KIM, et al. Mobile web2.0-oriented five senses multimedia technology withLBS-based intelligent agent [C].6th International Conference on UbiquitousIntelligence and Computing, UIC2009, July7,2009-July9,2009:281-295
[39]P. Z. W. Y. LIPING DI. Ontology-driven Automatic Geospatial-Processing Modelingbased on Web-service Chaining [EB/OL].(2006-04-11)[2010-03-12].http://geobrain.laits.gmu.edu/geobrainhome/docs/estc2006.pdf
[40]刘伟.基于地理本体的空间数据服务发现与集成[D]:中国矿业大学博士学位论文,2010.
[41]陈雯.基于本体框架的交通出行语义轨迹建模、标记及数据库研究[D]:华东师范大学博士学位论文,2011.
[42]C. ZHOU, et al. DAML-QoS ontology for web services [C]. Proceedings-IEEEInternational Conference on Web Services, ICWS2004, June6,2004-June9,2004:472-479
[43]C. ZHOU, et al. DAML-QoS ontology for web services [C]. Proceedings-IEEEInternational Conference on Web Services, July6,2004-July9,2004:472-479
[44]V. X. TRAN, et al. A new QoS ontology and its QoS-based ranking algorithm for Webservices [J]. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory,2009,17(8):1378-1398.
[45]R. SUGANYAKALA, et al. Ontology based qos driven web service discovery [J].International Journal of Computer Science Issues,2011,8(44-1):191-198.
[46]Z. M. S. ALMASSLAWI, D. M. S. ALMASSLAWI. A new ontology for fault tolerancein QoS-enabled service oriented systems [C].2011IEEE International Conference onComputer Science and Automation Engineering, CSAE2011, June10,2011-June12,2011:98-102
[47]X. WANG, et al. A QoS-aware selection model for semantic Web services [C].4thInternational Conference on Service-Oriented Computing, ICSOC2006, December4,2006-December7,2006:390-401
[48]K. SYCARA, et al. Dynamic discovery and coordination of agent-based Semantic WebServices [J]. IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING,2004,8(3):66-73.
[49]M. PAOLUCCI, K. SYCARA. Autonomous semantic web services [J]. IEEEINTERNET COMPUTING,2003,7(5):34-41.
[50]D. MAGKA, et al. Tractable extensions of the description logic with numericaldatatypes [C]. Journal of Automated Reasoning:427-450
[51]I. KOLLIA, et al. SPARQL query answering over OWL ontologies [C].8th ExtendedSemantic Web Conference, ESWC2011, May29,2011-June2,2011:382-396
[52]B. C. GRAU, et al. Completeness guarantees for incomplete ontology reasoners: Theoryand practice [J]. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research,2012,43:419-476.
[53]彭晖, et al.基于动态描述逻辑的语义Web服务匹配研究[J].计算机研究与发展,2008,(12):2102-2109.
[54]史忠植, et al.基于描述逻辑的主体服务匹配[J].计算机学报,2004,(05):625-635.
[55]蒋运承, et al.多主体系统中的动态服务匹配[J].电子学报,2004,(03):457-461.
[56]A. SHARAN, M. L. JOSHI. An insight into semantic similarity aspects using WordNet[J]. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology,2010,2(4):331-341.
[57]D. LIU, et al. A dependency grammar and WordNet based sentence similarity measure[J]. Journal of Computational Information Systems,2012,8(3):1027-1035.
[58]M. RIPEANU, et al. Mapping the Gnutella network [J]. IEEE Internet Computing,2002,6(1):50-57.
[59]Y. CHAWATHE, et al. Making Gnutella-like P2P Systems Scalable [C]. Proceedings ofACM SIGCOMM2003: Conference on Computer Communications, August25,2003-August29,2003:407-418
[60]A. COURNIER, et al. The First Fully Polynomial Stabilizing Algorithm for BFS TreeConstruction [C]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science:159-174
[61]刘志忠, et al.一种双层P2P结构的语义服务发现模型[J].软件学报,2007,(08):1922-1932.
[62]郑啸, et al.基于Agent和蚁群算法的分布式服务发现[J].软件学报,2010,(08):1795-1809.
[63]C. ZHANG, et al. Research on OpenLS-based mobile location service platform [C].2010IITA International Conference on Nanotechnology and Computer Engineering,CNCE2010, July20,2010-July21,2010:722-727
[64]B. T. Semantic Web,XML2000. http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl
[65]T. R. GRUBER. Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledgesharing [J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES,1995,43(5-6):907-928.
[66]F. H. VAN GRIGORIS ANTONIOU. Semantic Web Primer [M].: The MIT Press,2008.
[67]W3C. OWL Web Ontology Language Overview[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features
[68]N. W. B. BAADER F. Description Logics [M].: The Description Logic Handbook,Cambridge University Press,2002.
[69]D. A. D'MELLO, V. S. ANANTHANARAYANA. Semantic web service selectionbased on service provider's business offerings [J]. International Journal of Simulation:Systems, Science and Technology,2009,10(2):25-37.
[70]D. A. D'MELLO, et al. Semantic Web service selection based on business offering [C].EMS2008, European Modelling Symposium,2nd UKSim European Symposium onComputer Modelling and Simulation, September8,2008-September10,2008:476-481
[71]熊燕子.基于OWL_S语义服务描述的数字图书馆网格应用模型研究[D]:湖北工业大学,2011.
[72]M. D. WOL_S. Semantic Markup for Web Services[M/OL].2004.http://www.w3.org/Submission/OWL_S
[73]B. C. E. A. DE-BRUIJN J. Web service modeling ontology(WSMO)[M/OL].2005.http://www.wsmo.org/
[74]B. A. E. A. BATTLE S. Semantic Web service ontology (SWSO)[M/OL].2007.http://www.w3.org/TR/sawsdl
[75]崔来中, et al.一种非结构化P2P流媒体系统拓扑构建算法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2011,(12):1819-1823.
[76]G. WEI, et al. A dependable cluster-based topology in P2P networks [J]. Journal ofCommunications,2010,5(1):57-62.
[77]H. KUBO, et al. Relay ability estimation and topology control using multidimensionalcontext parameters for mobile p2p multicast [J]. Eurasip Journal on WirelessCommunications and Networking,2011,2011:
[78]钟叶.基于Agent的Web服务组合研究与应用[D]:武汉理工大学,2011.
[79]Z. GAO, et al. A Scalable PKI based on P2P network [J]. International Journal ofSecurity and its Applications,2007,1(2):47-58.
[80]G. DI MODICA, et al. Resource and service discovery in SOAs: A P2P orientedsemantic approach [J]. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and ComputerScience,2011,21(2):285-294.
[81]M. W. W. S. W. NEJDL. Super-Peer-Based Routing and Clustering Strategies forRDF-Based Peer-To-Peer Networks [J]. Proceedings,2003,:536-543.
[82]N. R. J. M.WOOLDRIDGE. Intelligent Agents:Theory and practice [M].: CambridgeUniversity Press,1995.
[83]高吉良.基于P2P的语义Web服务的发现机制研究[D]:北京邮电大学,2009.
[84]K. S. A. S. K. VERMA. METEOR-S WSDI: A scalable P2P infrastructure of registriesfor semantic publication and discovery of web services [J]. Information Technology andManagement,2005,6(1):17-39.
[85]H. W. R. Z. W. BRENNER. Intelligent Software Agents: Foundations and Applications
[M].: Springer Verlag,1998.
[86]J. DU, X. YAN. Multi-agent system for process planning in STEP-NC basedmanufacturing [J]. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology,2012,4(20):3865-3871.
[87]J. CHEN, et al. Consensus problem of networked multi-agent systems with constantcommunication delay: Stochastic switching topology case [J]. International Journal ofControl,2012,85(9):1248-1262.
[88]邱昌程.云计算模式下主动服务架构的研究[D]:武汉理工大学,2010.
[89]邓志鸿，唐世渭，张铭. Ontogoly研究综述[J].北京大学学报,2002,38(5):730-738.
[90]景东升.基于本体的地理空间信息语义表达和服务研究[D]:中国科学院研究生院（遥感应用研究所）博士学位论文,2005.
[91]钟海东.基于地理本体的移动GIS空间信息服务研究[D]:华东师范大学博士学位论文,2011.
[92]陈肖磊.基于地理本体的LBS数据语义表达及推理查询[D]:桂林工学院,2008.
[93]F. R. G. T. NECHES R F. Enabling technology for knowledge sharing [J]. AI Magazine,1991,:36-56.
[94]U. M. G. M. Ontologies:principles,met hods and applications [J]. KnowledgeEngineering Review,1996,11(2):93-136.
[95]R. STUDER, et al. Knowledge Engineering: principles and methods [J]. Data andKnowledge Engineering,1998,25(1-2):161-197.
[96]D. FENSEL, et al. OIL: An ontology infrastructure for the semantic web [J]. IEEEIntelligent Systems and Their Applications,2001,16(2):38-45.
[97]M. USCHOLD. Where are the Semantics in the Semantic Web?[J]. AI Magazine,2003,24(3):25-36.
[98]P. A. V. Overview of knowledge sharing and reuse components:ontologies and problem一solving methods [J]. Lesson learned and Future Trends,1999,(18):1-15.
[99]蔡畅.基于地理本体的空间数据集成研究[D]:解放军信息工程大学,2008.
[100]N. GUARINO. Semantic matching: Formal ontological distinctions for informationorganization, extraction, and integration [J]. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence(Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science),1997,1299:139-139.
[101]陈雯.基于本体框架的交通出行语义轨迹建模、标记及数据库研究[D]:华东师范大学博士学位论文,2011.
[102]General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine ofP.R.C.Industrial Classification for National Economic Activities. GB/T4754-2002,Beijing:Standards Press of China,2007(in Chinese)
[103]OWS. OpenGIS Web Service [EB/OL].(2007-04-02)[2010-03-13].http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/initiatives/ows-2.
[104]C.，. S.，. PARENT. Ontology Modularization [M]. Berlin: Springer Verlag,2008.
[105]A. G. COHN. Hierarchical representation of qualitative shape based on connection andconvexity [M].//. Semmering, Austria:,1995:311-311
[106]M. G. M.USCHOLD. The Knowledge Engineering Review [J]. Cambridge Journals,1996,11(2):93-102.
[107]申世群.定性空间推理及其在空间数据检索中的应用研究[D]:吉林大学博士学位论文,2011.
[108]B. B. A. C. G. Multi-dimensional multi-modal logics as a framework for spatio-temporalreasoning [C]. Proc of the`Hot Topics in Spatio-TemporalReasoning'workshop,IJCAI-99.Stockholm,1999
[109]F. A. U. Qualitative spatial reasoning：Cardinal directions as an example [J].International Journal of Geographical Information Systems,1996,10(3):269-290.
[110]E. M. GOYAL R. Similarity assessment for Cardinal Directions between ExtendedSpatial Objects [J]. IEEE Transactions on Data Knowledge and Data Engineering,2000,:
[111]M. K. M.USCHOLD. Towards a Methodology for Building Ontologies Workshop onBasic Ontologies [J]. Issues in Knowledge Sharing,1995,21(2):23-26.
[112]P. F. D. H. ELISEO C. Qualtative Representation of Positional Information [J].Artificial Intelligence,1997,95(3):317-356.
[113]刘伟.基于地理本体的空间数据服务发现与集成[D]:中国矿业大学博士学位论文,2010.
[114]林晓毅.基于OpenLS的移动定位平台和地图匹配算法的研究与实现[D]:吉林大学,2009.
[115]GSM Alliance Services Working Group.2004.http://www.gsmworld.com/about/structure/serg.shtml(2004)
[116]李士果.基于QoS本体的语义Web服务选择技术研究[D]:重庆大学,2010.
[117]余伟.语义Web服务发现框架的研究[D]:重庆大学,2010.
[118]董天罡.企业应用集成中语义Web服务框架的研究[D]:山东大学,2008.
[119]T. O. S. COALITION. OWL-S:Semantic Markup for WebServices[EB/OL].(2009-7-10). http://www.daml.org/services/
[120]W3C. OWL Web Ontology Language for Services[EB/OL].(2009-7-10).http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/07/
[121]王冲.支持QoS的语义Web服务发现的研究与实现[D]:上海交通大学,2010.
[122]W3C. QoS for Web Services: Requirements and Possible Approaches.2003.http://www.w3c.or./kr/kr-office/TR/2003/ws-qos/
[123]C. ZHOU, et al. DAML-QoS ontology for web services [C]. Proceedings-IEEEInternational Conference on Web Services, ICWS2004:472-479
[124]C. ZHOU, et al. Service discovery and measurement based on DAML-QoS ontology [C].14th International World Wide Web Conference, WWW2005:1070-1071
[125]D. TSESMETZIS, et al. Modeling and simulation of QoS-aware Web service selectionfor provider profit maximization [J]. Simulation,2007,83(1):93-106.
[126]S. PAN, Q. MAO. Semantic web service composition planner agent with a QoS-awareselection model [C].2009International Conference on Web Information Systems andMining, WISM2009:325-331
[127]B. XU, et al. Efficient composition of semantic web services with end-to-end QoSoptimization [J]. Tsinghua Science and Technology,2010,15(6):678-686.
[128]M. R. HAARSLEV V. RACER System Description [J]. Lecture Notes in ComputerScience,2001,2083(2001):701-705.
[129]M. K. T. E. PAOLUCCI. Importing the semantic Web in UDDI [J]. Lecture Notes inComputer Science,2002,2512(2002):815-821.
[130]G. MEDITSKOS, N. BASSILIADES. A combinatory framework of Web2.0mashuptools, OWL-S and UDDI [J]. Expert Systems with Applications,2011,38(6):6657-6668.
[131]X. REN, R. HOU. Extend UDDI using ontology for automated service composition [C].20112nd International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering,MACE2011-Proceedings:298-301
[132]UPnP Forum, UPnP Device Architecture1.0.http://www.upnp.org/specs/arch/UPnP-arch-DeviceArchitecture-v1.0-20080424.pdf
[133]Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Core.http://www.bluetooth.org/docman/handlers/DownloadDoc.ashx?doc_id=40858
[134]P. R. A. MILLER B. A. Salutation Service Discovery in Pervasive ComputingEnvironments [R]. IBM Pervasive computing White Paper, February,2000
[135]UDDI Version3.0.2Specification, OASIS TC Specification.http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/uddi-spec/doc/spec/v3/uddi-v3.0.2-20041019.htm,2006-12-23
[136]吕庆聪.普适计算语义服务发现与服务组合研究[D]:东华大学博士学位论文,2009.
[137]M. PAOLUCCI, et al. Semantic matching of web services capabilities [C].1stInternational Semantic Web Conference, ISWC2002, June9,2002-June12,2002:333-347
[138]K. SYCARA, et al. Automated discovery, interaction and composition of Semantic Webservices [J]. Web Semantics,2003,1(1):27-46.
[139]R. RADA, et al. Development and application of a metric on semantic nets [J]. IEEETransactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics,1989, v (n):17-30.
[140]R. A. ANGRYK, J. CZERNIAK. Heuristic algorithm for interpretation of multi-valuedattributes in similarity-based fuzzy relational databases [J]. International Journal ofApproximate Reasoning,2010,51(8):895-911.
[141]X. XIONG, et al. Microgroup mining on TSina via network structure and user attribute
[C].7th International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications, ADMA2011, December17,2011-December19,2011:138-151
[142]D. LIN. An information-theoretic definition of similarity [M].//In proceedings of the15th international Conference on Machine Learning, Madison, Wisconsin,1998.:,
[143]颜伟荀恩东.基于WordNet的英语词语相似度计算[C].第二届全国学生计算语言学研讨会:281-282-283-284-285-286-287-288
[144]刘群，李素建.基于《知网》的词汇语义相似度计算[M].台北:第三届汉语词汇语义学研讨会,2002.
[145]H. A. M. N. YASSER GANJISAFFAR. A Similarity Measure for OWL-S AnnotatedWeb Services [M].//WI '06Proceedings of the2006IEEE/WIC/ACM InternationalConference on Web Intelligence,IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC, USA2006.:,:621-624
[146]赵德新.基于模糊逻辑的语义服务发现研究[D]:天津大学博士学位论文,2008.
[147]S. ZHAO, et al. Reputation-aware service selection based on QOS similarity [J]. Journalof Networks,2011,6(7):950-957.
[148]H. FENG, Y. CAO. Multiple attribute decision making with intervals for QoS-basedweb service selection [C].2011IEEE13th International Conference on CommunicationTechnology, ICCT2011, September25,2011-September28,2011:1041-1044
[149]J. GE, et al. Web service recommendation based on QoS prediction method [C].9thIEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics, ICCI2010, July7,2010-July9,2010:109-112
[150]D. CANTURK, P. SENKUL. Ontology-based routing of web services in distributedservice discovery system containing domain specific nodes [C].17th IEEE Symposiumon Computers and Communication, ISCC2012, July1,2012-July4,2012:000283-000288
[151]M. H. SALEEM, et al. Modelling and simulation of underlay aware distributed servicediscovery [C].17th Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, APCC2011, October2,2011-October5,2011:417-421
[152]M. SALEEM H, et al. An intelligent query routing mechanism for distributed servicediscovery with IP-layer awareness [C]. International Conference on InformaticsEngineering and Information Science, ICIEIS2011, November14,2011-November16,2011:353-363
[153]X. ZHENG, et al. A scalable and adaptive distributed service discovery mechanism inSOC environments [C]. IFIP International Conference on Network and ParallelComputing, NPC2008, October18,2008-October20,2008:349-360
[154]H. ARTAIL, et al. DSDM: A distributed service discovery model for manets [J]. IEEETransactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems,2008,19(9):1224-1236.
[155]S. K. S. A. VERMA K. METEOR-S WSDI:A scalable P2P infrastructure of registriesfor semantic publication and discovery of Web service [J]. Journal of InformationTechnology and Management,2005,6(1):17-39.
[156]X. B. C. Y. CAN DW. A P2P based Web service discovery mechanism with boundingdeployment and publication [J]. chinese Journal of Computers,2005,28(4):615-626.
[157]ZW. DU, et al. A modified ant colony algorithm for multiple sight-seeing buses routereplanning in emergency [J]. Journal of Computational Information Systems,2010,6(9):2795-2803.
[158]ZW. DU, et al. An improved ant colony optimization algorithm for solving the TSPproblem [C].2010International Conference on Advanced Mechanical Engineering,AME2010, September4,2010-September5,2010:620-624
[159]P. K. R. C. SPYROPOULOS T. Spray and Wait: An Efficient Routing Scheme forIntermittently Connected Mobile Networks [M].//Proceedings of the2005ACMSIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking.:,2005
[160]A. KERANEN, et al. Simulating mobility and DTNs with the ONE [J].,2010,5(2):92-105.
[161]Y. LI, et al. Optimal Beaconing Control for Epidemic Routing in Delay-TolerantNetworks [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY,2012,61(1):311-320.
[162]K. FALL. A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged Internets [J].COMPUTER COMMUNICATION REVIEW,2003,33(4):27-34.
[163]K. FALL, S. FARRELL. DTN: An architectural retrospective [J]. IEEE JOURNAL ONSELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS,2008,26(5):828-836.
[164]J. BURGESS, et al. MaxProp: Routing for vehicle-based disruption-tolerant networks[C]. IEEE INFOCOM:1688-1698
[165]L. KALLIPOLITIS, et al. Semantic search in the World News domain usingautomatically extracted metadata files [J]. KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS,2012,27:38-50.
[166]R. DELBRU, et al. Searching web data: An entity retrieval and high-performanceindexing model [J]. JOURNAL OF WEB SEMANTICS,2012,10:33-58.
[167]K. J. REN, et al. Building Quick Service Query List Using WordNet and MultipleHeterogeneous Ontologies toward More Realistic Service Composition [J]. IEEETRANSACTIONS ON SERVICES COMPUTING,2011,4(3):216-229.
[168]A. HOGAN, et al. Searching and browsing Linked Data with SWSE: The Semantic WebSearch Engine [J]. JOURNAL OF WEB SEMANTICS,2011,9(4):365-401.
[169]M. FERNANDEZ, et al. Semantically enhanced Information Retrieval: Anontology-based approach [J]. JOURNAL OF WEB SEMANTICS,2011,9(4):434-452.
[170]H. HALPIN, V. LAVRENKO. Relevance feedback between hypertext and SemanticWeb search: Frameworks and evaluation [J]. JOURNAL OF WEB SEMANTICS,2011,9(4):474-489.
[171]B. D. VAHDAT A. Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks [D]:Technical Report CS-200006,2000.
[172]D. PAN, et al. An improved spray and wait with probability choice routing foropportunistic networks [J]. Journal of Networks,2012,7(9):1486-1492.
[173]V. PRUEKSASRI, et al. DNH-SaW: The Different Neighbor-History Spray and waitrouting scheme for Delay Tolerant Networks [C].19th IEEE International Symposiumon Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, ISPACS2011, December7,2011-December9,2011
[174]R. DIANA, E. LOCHIN. Modelling the delay distribution of Binary Spray and Waitrouting protocol [C].13th IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless,Mobile and Multimedia Networks, WoWMoM2012, June25,2012-June28,2012
[175]J. MAKHLOUTA, et al. Adaptive Fuzzy Spray and Wait: Efficient routing foropportunistic networks [C].2011International Conference on Selected Topics in Mobileand Wireless Networking, iCOST2011, October10,2011-October12,2011:64-69
[176]CJ. ZHANG, et al. LBS ontologies and its application in DTN [J]. International Journalof Advancements in Computing Technology,2012,4(15):47-56.
[177]CJ. ZHANG, et al. The ontology architecture of vehicular delay-tolerant network [J].Advanced Institute of Convergence Information Technology,2012,4(15):81-88.
[2]林俞先.基于SIG框架的数字城市LBS体系结构与关键技术研究[D]:北京大学博士学位论文,2007.
[3]X. WANG, et al. LBS-p: A LBS platform supporting online map services [C].2010IEEE72nd Vehicular Technology Conference Fall, VTC2010-Fall, September6,2010-September9,2010
[4]X. U. XINCHAO, et al. A new location method for LBS based on image [J]. InformationTechnology Journal,2011,10(11):2175-2181.
[5]D. ZHANG, et al. Research on service matching method for LBS [J]. InternationalJournal of Advancements in Computing Technology,2011,3(6):131-138.
[6]F. ZHU, et al. Towards spatial information services in LBS: A GML-based approach [C].2010International Conference on Machine Vision and Human-Machine Interface, MVHI2010, April24,2010-April25,2010:588-591
[7]T. WOODLEY, S. GAGNON. BPM and SOA: Synergies and challenges [C].6thInternational Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, WISE2005,November20,2005-November22,2005:679-688
[8]G. CUOMO. IBM SOA "on the edge"[C]. SIGMOD2005: ACM SIGMOD InternationalConference on Management of Data, June14,2005-June16,2005:840-843
[9]Z. DUAN, et al. SOA without web services: A pragmatic implementation of SOA forfinancial transactions systems [C].2005IEEE International Conference on ServicesComputing, SCC2005, July11,2005-July15,2005:243-250
[10]E. A. ENDREI M. Patterns: Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services [M].America: IBM,2004.
[11]W3C. Web Services Architecture[M/OL].2003. http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-arch
[12]W3C. Web Services Description Language(WSDL)2.0.http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl20,.W3C，2006
[13]OASIS. The UNIVERSAL Description, Discovery and Integration(UDDI)specifications, version3.0.2. http://uddi.org/pubs/uddi_v3.html.Oct.2004
[14]曹洪江.基于用户需求的Web服务组合系统研究[D]:武汉理工大学博士学位论文,2010.
[15]W3C. Simple Objece Access Protocol(SOAP)1.2. www.w3.org/TR/SOAP12,2003.
[16]T. BERNERS-LEE, et al. The Semantic Web-A new form of Web content that ismeaningful tocomputers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities [J]. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN,2001,284(5):34+.
[17]T. BERNERS-LEE, J. HENDLER. Publishing on the semantic web-The comingInternet revolution willprofoundly affect scientific information.[J]. NATURE,2001,410(6832):1023-1024.
[18]宋雅娟. Web服务组合方法研究[D]:吉林大学博士学位论文,2011.
[19]C. SURIANARAYANAN, G. GANAPATHY. Elimination of irrelevancy duringsemantic service discovery using clustering approach [C].1st International Conferenceon Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, CCSEIT2011,September23,2011-September25,2011:307-315
[20]S. KANG, et al. A semantic service discovery network for large-scale ubiquitouscomputing environments [J]. ETRI Journal,2007,29(5):545-558.
[21]K. DONGPIL, et al. User care preference-based semantic service discovery in aubiquitous environment [C].35th Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practiceof Computer Science, SOFSEM2009, January24,2009-January30,2009:365-375
[22]高吉良.基于P2P的语义Web服务的发现机制研究[D]:北京邮电大学,2009.
[23]丁明伟.基于OWL_S的语义化Web服务检索模型研究[D]:重庆大学,2010.
[24]M. OUZIRI, D. PELLIER. Agent-based semantic composition of web services usingdistributed description logics [C].15th International Conference on Knowledge-Basedand Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, KES2011, September12,2011-September14,2011:548-557
[25]D. SKLAVAKIS, I. REFANIDIS. Ontology-based authoring of intelligentmodel-tracing math tutors [C].14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence:Methodology, Systems, and Applications, AIMSA2010, September8,2010-September10,2010:201-210
[26]G. HE, L. AN. Ontology language OWL research study [C]. International Conference onManagement and Service Science, MASS2011, August12,2011-August14,2011:IEEE Wuhan Section; Wuhan University; Nankai University; Fuzhou University;University of Science and Technology Beijing
[27]R. BAEZA-YATES. Berthier Ribeiro-Neto. Modern Information Retrieval [M].:Addison Wesley Longman,1999.
[28]魏登萍.语义Web服务发现中匹配策略的研究与实现[D]:国防科学技术大学博士学位论文,2011.
[29]ISO. TC211.ISO19119Geographic information-Services Specification[EB/OL].2004.http://www.statkart.no/isotc211
[30]I. ISO/TP211. Geographic Information Services.2005.
[31]OSF. OpenGIS Web Service Framework[EB/OL].(2007-04-02)[2010-03-13].http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Software_Foundation.
[32]OGC2007. OpenGIS Location Services(OpenLS):Core Services(OGC07-074)[S].O.G. C. Inc,2008
[33]Autodesk LocationLogic.http://saarc.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/item?siteID=5967151&id=11436288
[34]周文生，毛锋，胡鹏.开放式WebGIS的理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[35]中国移动通信有限公司.基于CELLID位置业务(LBS)的LSP设备技术规范2008
[36]中国移动通信有限公司.中国移动位置业务(LBS)总体技术要求2008
[37]H. HAAV, et al. Ontology-based retrieval of spatially related objects for location basedservices [C]. Confederated International Conferences on On the Move to MeaningfulInternet Systems, OTM2009: CoopIS2009, DOA2009, IS2009and ODBASE2009,November1,2009-November6,2009:1010-1024
[38]J. KIM, et al. Mobile web2.0-oriented five senses multimedia technology withLBS-based intelligent agent [C].6th International Conference on UbiquitousIntelligence and Computing, UIC2009, July7,2009-July9,2009:281-295
[39]P. Z. W. Y. LIPING DI. Ontology-driven Automatic Geospatial-Processing Modelingbased on Web-service Chaining [EB/OL].(2006-04-11)[2010-03-12].http://geobrain.laits.gmu.edu/geobrainhome/docs/estc2006.pdf
[40]刘伟.基于地理本体的空间数据服务发现与集成[D]:中国矿业大学博士学位论文,2010.
[41]陈雯.基于本体框架的交通出行语义轨迹建模、标记及数据库研究[D]:华东师范大学博士学位论文,2011.
[42]C. ZHOU, et al. DAML-QoS ontology for web services [C]. Proceedings-IEEEInternational Conference on Web Services, ICWS2004, June6,2004-June9,2004:472-479
[43]C. ZHOU, et al. DAML-QoS ontology for web services [C]. Proceedings-IEEEInternational Conference on Web Services, July6,2004-July9,2004:472-479
[44]V. X. TRAN, et al. A new QoS ontology and its QoS-based ranking algorithm for Webservices [J]. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory,2009,17(8):1378-1398.
[45]R. SUGANYAKALA, et al. Ontology based qos driven web service discovery [J].International Journal of Computer Science Issues,2011,8(44-1):191-198.
[46]Z. M. S. ALMASSLAWI, D. M. S. ALMASSLAWI. A new ontology for fault tolerancein QoS-enabled service oriented systems [C].2011IEEE International Conference onComputer Science and Automation Engineering, CSAE2011, June10,2011-June12,2011:98-102
[47]X. WANG, et al. A QoS-aware selection model for semantic Web services [C].4thInternational Conference on Service-Oriented Computing, ICSOC2006, December4,2006-December7,2006:390-401
[48]K. SYCARA, et al. Dynamic discovery and coordination of agent-based Semantic WebServices [J]. IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING,2004,8(3):66-73.
[49]M. PAOLUCCI, K. SYCARA. Autonomous semantic web services [J]. IEEEINTERNET COMPUTING,2003,7(5):34-41.
[50]D. MAGKA, et al. Tractable extensions of the description logic with numericaldatatypes [C]. Journal of Automated Reasoning:427-450
[51]I. KOLLIA, et al. SPARQL query answering over OWL ontologies [C].8th ExtendedSemantic Web Conference, ESWC2011, May29,2011-June2,2011:382-396
[52]B. C. GRAU, et al. Completeness guarantees for incomplete ontology reasoners: Theoryand practice [J]. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research,2012,43:419-476.
[53]彭晖, et al.基于动态描述逻辑的语义Web服务匹配研究[J].计算机研究与发展,2008,(12):2102-2109.
[54]史忠植, et al.基于描述逻辑的主体服务匹配[J].计算机学报,2004,(05):625-635.
[55]蒋运承, et al.多主体系统中的动态服务匹配[J].电子学报,2004,(03):457-461.
[56]A. SHARAN, M. L. JOSHI. An insight into semantic similarity aspects using WordNet[J]. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology,2010,2(4):331-341.
[57]D. LIU, et al. A dependency grammar and WordNet based sentence similarity measure[J]. Journal of Computational Information Systems,2012,8(3):1027-1035.
[58]M. RIPEANU, et al. Mapping the Gnutella network [J]. IEEE Internet Computing,2002,6(1):50-57.
[59]Y. CHAWATHE, et al. Making Gnutella-like P2P Systems Scalable [C]. Proceedings ofACM SIGCOMM2003: Conference on Computer Communications, August25,2003-August29,2003:407-418
[60]A. COURNIER, et al. The First Fully Polynomial Stabilizing Algorithm for BFS TreeConstruction [C]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science:159-174
[61]刘志忠, et al.一种双层P2P结构的语义服务发现模型[J].软件学报,2007,(08):1922-1932.
[62]郑啸, et al.基于Agent和蚁群算法的分布式服务发现[J].软件学报,2010,(08):1795-1809.
[63]C. ZHANG, et al. Research on OpenLS-based mobile location service platform [C].2010IITA International Conference on Nanotechnology and Computer Engineering,CNCE2010, July20,2010-July21,2010:722-727
[64]B. T. Semantic Web,XML2000. http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl
[65]T. R. GRUBER. Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledgesharing [J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES,1995,43(5-6):907-928.
[66]F. H. VAN GRIGORIS ANTONIOU. Semantic Web Primer [M].: The MIT Press,2008.
[67]W3C. OWL Web Ontology Language Overview[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features
[68]N. W. B. BAADER F. Description Logics [M].: The Description Logic Handbook,Cambridge University Press,2002.
[69]D. A. D'MELLO, V. S. ANANTHANARAYANA. Semantic web service selectionbased on service provider's business offerings [J]. International Journal of Simulation:Systems, Science and Technology,2009,10(2):25-37.
[70]D. A. D'MELLO, et al. Semantic Web service selection based on business offering [C].EMS2008, European Modelling Symposium,2nd UKSim European Symposium onComputer Modelling and Simulation, September8,2008-September10,2008:476-481
[71]熊燕子.基于OWL_S语义服务描述的数字图书馆网格应用模型研究[D]:湖北工业大学,2011.
[72]M. D. WOL_S. Semantic Markup for Web Services[M/OL].2004.http://www.w3.org/Submission/OWL_S
[73]B. C. E. A. DE-BRUIJN J. Web service modeling ontology(WSMO)[M/OL].2005.http://www.wsmo.org/
[74]B. A. E. A. BATTLE S. Semantic Web service ontology (SWSO)[M/OL].2007.http://www.w3.org/TR/sawsdl
[75]崔来中, et al.一种非结构化P2P流媒体系统拓扑构建算法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2011,(12):1819-1823.
[76]G. WEI, et al. A dependable cluster-based topology in P2P networks [J]. Journal ofCommunications,2010,5(1):57-62.
[77]H. KUBO, et al. Relay ability estimation and topology control using multidimensionalcontext parameters for mobile p2p multicast [J]. Eurasip Journal on WirelessCommunications and Networking,2011,2011:
[78]钟叶.基于Agent的Web服务组合研究与应用[D]:武汉理工大学,2011.
[79]Z. GAO, et al. A Scalable PKI based on P2P network [J]. International Journal ofSecurity and its Applications,2007,1(2):47-58.
[80]G. DI MODICA, et al. Resource and service discovery in SOAs: A P2P orientedsemantic approach [J]. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and ComputerScience,2011,21(2):285-294.
[81]M. W. W. S. W. NEJDL. Super-Peer-Based Routing and Clustering Strategies forRDF-Based Peer-To-Peer Networks [J]. Proceedings,2003,:536-543.
[82]N. R. J. M.WOOLDRIDGE. Intelligent Agents:Theory and practice [M].: CambridgeUniversity Press,1995.
[83]高吉良.基于P2P的语义Web服务的发现机制研究[D]:北京邮电大学,2009.
[84]K. S. A. S. K. VERMA. METEOR-S WSDI: A scalable P2P infrastructure of registriesfor semantic publication and discovery of web services [J]. Information Technology andManagement,2005,6(1):17-39.
[85]H. W. R. Z. W. BRENNER. Intelligent Software Agents: Foundations and Applications
[M].: Springer Verlag,1998.
[86]J. DU, X. YAN. Multi-agent system for process planning in STEP-NC basedmanufacturing [J]. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology,2012,4(20):3865-3871.
[87]J. CHEN, et al. Consensus problem of networked multi-agent systems with constantcommunication delay: Stochastic switching topology case [J]. International Journal ofControl,2012,85(9):1248-1262.
[88]邱昌程.云计算模式下主动服务架构的研究[D]:武汉理工大学,2010.
[89]邓志鸿，唐世渭，张铭. Ontogoly研究综述[J].北京大学学报,2002,38(5):730-738.
[90]景东升.基于本体的地理空间信息语义表达和服务研究[D]:中国科学院研究生院（遥感应用研究所）博士学位论文,2005.
[91]钟海东.基于地理本体的移动GIS空间信息服务研究[D]:华东师范大学博士学位论文,2011.
[92]陈肖磊.基于地理本体的LBS数据语义表达及推理查询[D]:桂林工学院,2008.
[93]F. R. G. T. NECHES R F. Enabling technology for knowledge sharing [J]. AI Magazine,1991,:36-56.
[94]U. M. G. M. Ontologies:principles,met hods and applications [J]. KnowledgeEngineering Review,1996,11(2):93-136.
[95]R. STUDER, et al. Knowledge Engineering: principles and methods [J]. Data andKnowledge Engineering,1998,25(1-2):161-197.
[96]D. FENSEL, et al. OIL: An ontology infrastructure for the semantic web [J]. IEEEIntelligent Systems and Their Applications,2001,16(2):38-45.
[97]M. USCHOLD. Where are the Semantics in the Semantic Web?[J]. AI Magazine,2003,24(3):25-36.
[98]P. A. V. Overview of knowledge sharing and reuse components:ontologies and problem一solving methods [J]. Lesson learned and Future Trends,1999,(18):1-15.
[99]蔡畅.基于地理本体的空间数据集成研究[D]:解放军信息工程大学,2008.
[100]N. GUARINO. Semantic matching: Formal ontological distinctions for informationorganization, extraction, and integration [J]. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence(Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science),1997,1299:139-139.
[101]陈雯.基于本体框架的交通出行语义轨迹建模、标记及数据库研究[D]:华东师范大学博士学位论文,2011.
[102]General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine ofP.R.C.Industrial Classification for National Economic Activities. GB/T4754-2002,Beijing:Standards Press of China,2007(in Chinese)
[103]OWS. OpenGIS Web Service [EB/OL].(2007-04-02)[2010-03-13].http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/initiatives/ows-2.
[104]C.，. S.，. PARENT. Ontology Modularization [M]. Berlin: Springer Verlag,2008.
[105]A. G. COHN. Hierarchical representation of qualitative shape based on connection andconvexity [M].//. Semmering, Austria:,1995:311-311
[106]M. G. M.USCHOLD. The Knowledge Engineering Review [J]. Cambridge Journals,1996,11(2):93-102.
[107]申世群.定性空间推理及其在空间数据检索中的应用研究[D]:吉林大学博士学位论文,2011.
[108]B. B. A. C. G. Multi-dimensional multi-modal logics as a framework for spatio-temporalreasoning [C]. Proc of the`Hot Topics in Spatio-TemporalReasoning'workshop,IJCAI-99.Stockholm,1999
[109]F. A. U. Qualitative spatial reasoning：Cardinal directions as an example [J].International Journal of Geographical Information Systems,1996,10(3):269-290.
[110]E. M. GOYAL R. Similarity assessment for Cardinal Directions between ExtendedSpatial Objects [J]. IEEE Transactions on Data Knowledge and Data Engineering,2000,:
[111]M. K. M.USCHOLD. Towards a Methodology for Building Ontologies Workshop onBasic Ontologies [J]. Issues in Knowledge Sharing,1995,21(2):23-26.
[112]P. F. D. H. ELISEO C. Qualtative Representation of Positional Information [J].Artificial Intelligence,1997,95(3):317-356.
[113]刘伟.基于地理本体的空间数据服务发现与集成[D]:中国矿业大学博士学位论文,2010.
[114]林晓毅.基于OpenLS的移动定位平台和地图匹配算法的研究与实现[D]:吉林大学,2009.
[115]GSM Alliance Services Working Group.2004.http://www.gsmworld.com/about/structure/serg.shtml(2004)
[116]李士果.基于QoS本体的语义Web服务选择技术研究[D]:重庆大学,2010.
[117]余伟.语义Web服务发现框架的研究[D]:重庆大学,2010.
[118]董天罡.企业应用集成中语义Web服务框架的研究[D]:山东大学,2008.
[119]T. O. S. COALITION. OWL-S:Semantic Markup for WebServices[EB/OL].(2009-7-10). http://www.daml.org/services/
[120]W3C. OWL Web Ontology Language for Services[EB/OL].(2009-7-10).http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/07/
[121]王冲.支持QoS的语义Web服务发现的研究与实现[D]:上海交通大学,2010.
[122]W3C. QoS for Web Services: Requirements and Possible Approaches.2003.http://www.w3c.or./kr/kr-office/TR/2003/ws-qos/
[123]C. ZHOU, et al. DAML-QoS ontology for web services [C]. Proceedings-IEEEInternational Conference on Web Services, ICWS2004:472-479
[124]C. ZHOU, et al. Service discovery and measurement based on DAML-QoS ontology [C].14th International World Wide Web Conference, WWW2005:1070-1071
[125]D. TSESMETZIS, et al. Modeling and simulation of QoS-aware Web service selectionfor provider profit maximization [J]. Simulation,2007,83(1):93-106.
[126]S. PAN, Q. MAO. Semantic web service composition planner agent with a QoS-awareselection model [C].2009International Conference on Web Information Systems andMining, WISM2009:325-331
[127]B. XU, et al. Efficient composition of semantic web services with end-to-end QoSoptimization [J]. Tsinghua Science and Technology,2010,15(6):678-686.
[128]M. R. HAARSLEV V. RACER System Description [J]. Lecture Notes in ComputerScience,2001,2083(2001):701-705.
[129]M. K. T. E. PAOLUCCI. Importing the semantic Web in UDDI [J]. Lecture Notes inComputer Science,2002,2512(2002):815-821.
[130]G. MEDITSKOS, N. BASSILIADES. A combinatory framework of Web2.0mashuptools, OWL-S and UDDI [J]. Expert Systems with Applications,2011,38(6):6657-6668.
[131]X. REN, R. HOU. Extend UDDI using ontology for automated service composition [C].20112nd International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering,MACE2011-Proceedings:298-301
[132]UPnP Forum, UPnP Device Architecture1.0.http://www.upnp.org/specs/arch/UPnP-arch-DeviceArchitecture-v1.0-20080424.pdf
[133]Bluetooth SIG, Specification of the Bluetooth System Core.http://www.bluetooth.org/docman/handlers/DownloadDoc.ashx?doc_id=40858
[134]P. R. A. MILLER B. A. Salutation Service Discovery in Pervasive ComputingEnvironments [R]. IBM Pervasive computing White Paper, February,2000
[135]UDDI Version3.0.2Specification, OASIS TC Specification.http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/uddi-spec/doc/spec/v3/uddi-v3.0.2-20041019.htm,2006-12-23
[136]吕庆聪.普适计算语义服务发现与服务组合研究[D]:东华大学博士学位论文,2009.
[137]M. PAOLUCCI, et al. Semantic matching of web services capabilities [C].1stInternational Semantic Web Conference, ISWC2002, June9,2002-June12,2002:333-347
[138]K. SYCARA, et al. Automated discovery, interaction and composition of Semantic Webservices [J]. Web Semantics,2003,1(1):27-46.
[139]R. RADA, et al. Development and application of a metric on semantic nets [J]. IEEETransactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics,1989, v (n):17-30.
[140]R. A. ANGRYK, J. CZERNIAK. Heuristic algorithm for interpretation of multi-valuedattributes in similarity-based fuzzy relational databases [J]. International Journal ofApproximate Reasoning,2010,51(8):895-911.
[141]X. XIONG, et al. Microgroup mining on TSina via network structure and user attribute
[C].7th International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications, ADMA2011, December17,2011-December19,2011:138-151
[142]D. LIN. An information-theoretic definition of similarity [M].//In proceedings of the15th international Conference on Machine Learning, Madison, Wisconsin,1998.:,
[143]颜伟荀恩东.基于WordNet的英语词语相似度计算[C].第二届全国学生计算语言学研讨会:281-282-283-284-285-286-287-288
[144]刘群，李素建.基于《知网》的词汇语义相似度计算[M].台北:第三届汉语词汇语义学研讨会,2002.
[145]H. A. M. N. YASSER GANJISAFFAR. A Similarity Measure for OWL-S AnnotatedWeb Services [M].//WI '06Proceedings of the2006IEEE/WIC/ACM InternationalConference on Web Intelligence,IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC, USA2006.:,:621-624
[146]赵德新.基于模糊逻辑的语义服务发现研究[D]:天津大学博士学位论文,2008.
[147]S. ZHAO, et al. Reputation-aware service selection based on QOS similarity [J]. Journalof Networks,2011,6(7):950-957.
[148]H. FENG, Y. CAO. Multiple attribute decision making with intervals for QoS-basedweb service selection [C].2011IEEE13th International Conference on CommunicationTechnology, ICCT2011, September25,2011-September28,2011:1041-1044
[149]J. GE, et al. Web service recommendation based on QoS prediction method [C].9thIEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics, ICCI2010, July7,2010-July9,2010:109-112
[150]D. CANTURK, P. SENKUL. Ontology-based routing of web services in distributedservice discovery system containing domain specific nodes [C].17th IEEE Symposiumon Computers and Communication, ISCC2012, July1,2012-July4,2012:000283-000288
[151]M. H. SALEEM, et al. Modelling and simulation of underlay aware distributed servicediscovery [C].17th Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, APCC2011, October2,2011-October5,2011:417-421
[152]M. SALEEM H, et al. An intelligent query routing mechanism for distributed servicediscovery with IP-layer awareness [C]. International Conference on InformaticsEngineering and Information Science, ICIEIS2011, November14,2011-November16,2011:353-363
[153]X. ZHENG, et al. A scalable and adaptive distributed service discovery mechanism inSOC environments [C]. IFIP International Conference on Network and ParallelComputing, NPC2008, October18,2008-October20,2008:349-360
[154]H. ARTAIL, et al. DSDM: A distributed service discovery model for manets [J]. IEEETransactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems,2008,19(9):1224-1236.
[155]S. K. S. A. VERMA K. METEOR-S WSDI:A scalable P2P infrastructure of registriesfor semantic publication and discovery of Web service [J]. Journal of InformationTechnology and Management,2005,6(1):17-39.
[156]X. B. C. Y. CAN DW. A P2P based Web service discovery mechanism with boundingdeployment and publication [J]. chinese Journal of Computers,2005,28(4):615-626.
[157]ZW. DU, et al. A modified ant colony algorithm for multiple sight-seeing buses routereplanning in emergency [J]. Journal of Computational Information Systems,2010,6(9):2795-2803.
[158]ZW. DU, et al. An improved ant colony optimization algorithm for solving the TSPproblem [C].2010International Conference on Advanced Mechanical Engineering,AME2010, September4,2010-September5,2010:620-624
[159]P. K. R. C. SPYROPOULOS T. Spray and Wait: An Efficient Routing Scheme forIntermittently Connected Mobile Networks [M].//Proceedings of the2005ACMSIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking.:,2005
[160]A. KERANEN, et al. Simulating mobility and DTNs with the ONE [J].,2010,5(2):92-105.
[161]Y. LI, et al. Optimal Beaconing Control for Epidemic Routing in Delay-TolerantNetworks [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY,2012,61(1):311-320.
[162]K. FALL. A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged Internets [J].COMPUTER COMMUNICATION REVIEW,2003,33(4):27-34.
[163]K. FALL, S. FARRELL. DTN: An architectural retrospective [J]. IEEE JOURNAL ONSELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS,2008,26(5):828-836.
[164]J. BURGESS, et al. MaxProp: Routing for vehicle-based disruption-tolerant networks[C]. IEEE INFOCOM:1688-1698
[165]L. KALLIPOLITIS, et al. Semantic search in the World News domain usingautomatically extracted metadata files [J]. KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS,2012,27:38-50.
[166]R. DELBRU, et al. Searching web data: An entity retrieval and high-performanceindexing model [J]. JOURNAL OF WEB SEMANTICS,2012,10:33-58.
[167]K. J. REN, et al. Building Quick Service Query List Using WordNet and MultipleHeterogeneous Ontologies toward More Realistic Service Composition [J]. IEEETRANSACTIONS ON SERVICES COMPUTING,2011,4(3):216-229.
[168]A. HOGAN, et al. Searching and browsing Linked Data with SWSE: The Semantic WebSearch Engine [J]. JOURNAL OF WEB SEMANTICS,2011,9(4):365-401.
[169]M. FERNANDEZ, et al. Semantically enhanced Information Retrieval: Anontology-based approach [J]. JOURNAL OF WEB SEMANTICS,2011,9(4):434-452.
[170]H. HALPIN, V. LAVRENKO. Relevance feedback between hypertext and SemanticWeb search: Frameworks and evaluation [J]. JOURNAL OF WEB SEMANTICS,2011,9(4):474-489.
[171]B. D. VAHDAT A. Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks [D]:Technical Report CS-200006,2000.
[172]D. PAN, et al. An improved spray and wait with probability choice routing foropportunistic networks [J]. Journal of Networks,2012,7(9):1486-1492.
[173]V. PRUEKSASRI, et al. DNH-SaW: The Different Neighbor-History Spray and waitrouting scheme for Delay Tolerant Networks [C].19th IEEE International Symposiumon Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, ISPACS2011, December7,2011-December9,2011
[174]R. DIANA, E. LOCHIN. Modelling the delay distribution of Binary Spray and Waitrouting protocol [C].13th IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless,Mobile and Multimedia Networks, WoWMoM2012, June25,2012-June28,2012
[175]J. MAKHLOUTA, et al. Adaptive Fuzzy Spray and Wait: Efficient routing foropportunistic networks [C].2011International Conference on Selected Topics in Mobileand Wireless Networking, iCOST2011, October10,2011-October12,2011:64-69
[176]CJ. ZHANG, et al. LBS ontologies and its application in DTN [J]. International Journalof Advancements in Computing Technology,2012,4(15):47-56.
[177]CJ. ZHANG, et al. The ontology architecture of vehicular delay-tolerant network [J].Advanced Institute of Convergence Information Technology,2012,4(15):81-88.