砂垫层预抬高分级充水预压处理油罐地基技术研究
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摘要
位于辽河三角洲冲积平原的辽河油田曙光泵站计划增建5座2×10~4m~3浮顶式储油罐，场区地形复杂，油罐地基土层分布均匀水平，从上之下主要由中密粉土层、粉细砂与粘土互层、粉细砂夹粘土层和细砂层等4层组成。地质勘测资料表明天然地基不能满足油罐设计的承载力与变形要求，必须进行处理。
本论文选题密切结合这项大型工程建设项目。现有的大型油罐地基处理的论文与技术资料表明：国内对于利用充水预压法处理软粘土油罐地基已经积累了较为丰富的经验，但采用充水预压法处理成层砂土地基的工程实例很少。根据曙光泵站地区的地质条件，论文认为该区主要是一套以高透水性的砂类土为主的地层，粘性土层较薄且富夹薄层粉细砂，地基土的水平向与垂直向排水条件良好。通过多种技术方案比较，最终选择了技术先进的砂垫层预抬高分级充水预压法，论文工作主要由以下两部分组成：(1)砂垫层预抬高分级充水预压法的适用性研究，其中包括砂垫层厚度、地基沉降与固结度、地基稳定性、降水、地震作用下砂土液化的可能性等方面的计算分析；(2)施工监测与地基处理效果检验，其中包括油罐环梁基础沉降速率与不均匀沉降程度、各分级充水加载阶段地基超静孔压与深层水平位移、油罐底板压力分布及地基土强度增长等方面的实测与数据分析。
论文理论计算结果与观测资料基本吻合，地基处理后达到了要求的承载力与变形指标。与本地区传统的施工方法相比，砂垫层预抬高分级充水预压法不仅工期短、施工方法简便，而且克服了雨季施工的困难。论文得到的若干结论与经验对未来辽河三角洲地区的油罐建设工作具有重要的指导意义。
Five floating roof oil tanks with volume 2 104m3 are designed to be constructed at Shuguang Pump Station possessed by Liaohe Oil Field, which is located at Liaohe Delta alluvial plain. This engineering filed is featured with complicated topography. The oil tank foundation soil is horizontally-layered, including four layers: medium dense-dense clay, interbedding of find sand and clay, fine sand sandwiching clay and fine sand. It is demonstrated by geologic survey data that the bearing capability and deformation of natural foundation are out of the scope of the required values, which means the natural foundation has to be treated.
This dissertation is for the engineering project mentioned above. The papers and technical reports about the oil tank foundation treatment shows that in our country abundant experiences have been built up in dealing with the soft clay foundation, while there were few cases for sand foundation. Analyzing the geological condition, the author proposed that the foundation soils at Shuguang Pump Station belong to high-permeability sand layers. Based on comparison of several technical schemes, the method of sand bedding pre-elevating and step water-filling pre-compressing is adopted. So the dissertation is consist of two parts: (1) the applicability study for the method of sand bedding pre-elevating and step water-filling pre-compressing, including numerical analyses for the thickness of sand bedding, the consolidation, settlement and stability of foundation, drainage, possibility of foundation liquefaction under seismic loading, et al. (2) monitoring at construction stage and checking the effect of foundation treatment, including the measurements of the settlement velocity and non-uniform settlement of ring beam under the tank, pore pressures and horizontal displacements in foundation, the pressure distribution at the bottom of oil tank and the strength increase of soils.
It is observed that the numerical results corporate well with the data monitored, and the bearing capability and settlement of foundation consolidated gets to the required values. Over traditional methods used in this region, method of sand bedding pre-elevating and step water-filling pre-compressing has advantages in shorting construction period, simplifying construction. Furthermore, this method solves the difficulty induced by constructing at rain season. It is believed that conclusions from the dissertation will be helpful for the oil tank
building at Liaohe Delta region in the future.
本论文选题密切结合这项大型工程建设项目。现有的大型油罐地基处理的论文与技术资料表明：国内对于利用充水预压法处理软粘土油罐地基已经积累了较为丰富的经验，但采用充水预压法处理成层砂土地基的工程实例很少。根据曙光泵站地区的地质条件，论文认为该区主要是一套以高透水性的砂类土为主的地层，粘性土层较薄且富夹薄层粉细砂，地基土的水平向与垂直向排水条件良好。通过多种技术方案比较，最终选择了技术先进的砂垫层预抬高分级充水预压法，论文工作主要由以下两部分组成：(1)砂垫层预抬高分级充水预压法的适用性研究，其中包括砂垫层厚度、地基沉降与固结度、地基稳定性、降水、地震作用下砂土液化的可能性等方面的计算分析；(2)施工监测与地基处理效果检验，其中包括油罐环梁基础沉降速率与不均匀沉降程度、各分级充水加载阶段地基超静孔压与深层水平位移、油罐底板压力分布及地基土强度增长等方面的实测与数据分析。
论文理论计算结果与观测资料基本吻合，地基处理后达到了要求的承载力与变形指标。与本地区传统的施工方法相比，砂垫层预抬高分级充水预压法不仅工期短、施工方法简便，而且克服了雨季施工的困难。论文得到的若干结论与经验对未来辽河三角洲地区的油罐建设工作具有重要的指导意义。
Five floating roof oil tanks with volume 2 104m3 are designed to be constructed at Shuguang Pump Station possessed by Liaohe Oil Field, which is located at Liaohe Delta alluvial plain. This engineering filed is featured with complicated topography. The oil tank foundation soil is horizontally-layered, including four layers: medium dense-dense clay, interbedding of find sand and clay, fine sand sandwiching clay and fine sand. It is demonstrated by geologic survey data that the bearing capability and deformation of natural foundation are out of the scope of the required values, which means the natural foundation has to be treated.
This dissertation is for the engineering project mentioned above. The papers and technical reports about the oil tank foundation treatment shows that in our country abundant experiences have been built up in dealing with the soft clay foundation, while there were few cases for sand foundation. Analyzing the geological condition, the author proposed that the foundation soils at Shuguang Pump Station belong to high-permeability sand layers. Based on comparison of several technical schemes, the method of sand bedding pre-elevating and step water-filling pre-compressing is adopted. So the dissertation is consist of two parts: (1) the applicability study for the method of sand bedding pre-elevating and step water-filling pre-compressing, including numerical analyses for the thickness of sand bedding, the consolidation, settlement and stability of foundation, drainage, possibility of foundation liquefaction under seismic loading, et al. (2) monitoring at construction stage and checking the effect of foundation treatment, including the measurements of the settlement velocity and non-uniform settlement of ring beam under the tank, pore pressures and horizontal displacements in foundation, the pressure distribution at the bottom of oil tank and the strength increase of soils.
It is observed that the numerical results corporate well with the data monitored, and the bearing capability and settlement of foundation consolidated gets to the required values. Over traditional methods used in this region, method of sand bedding pre-elevating and step water-filling pre-compressing has advantages in shorting construction period, simplifying construction. Furthermore, this method solves the difficulty induced by constructing at rain season. It is believed that conclusions from the dissertation will be helpful for the oil tank
building at Liaohe Delta region in the future.
引文
1． 徐至均，徐朝铨，沈珠江．大型储罐基础设计与地基处理．北京：中国石化出版社，1999．
2． 何开胜，戴济群．超长水泥土桩地基的安全监测．大坝观测与土工测试，2000，24(5)：54-57．
3． 贾庆山．大型储罐软土地基变形控制标准的研究．石油工程建设，1996，(4)：17-21．
4． 贾庆山．振冲与充水预压综合处理大型油罐软地基工程实例综述．石油工程建设，1996，(2)：7-11．
5． 何开胜，陈宝勤．超长水泥土搅拌桩的试验研究和工程应用．土木工程学报，2000，33(2)：80-86．
6． 彭新宣，吴朝林，何开胜．超长水泥土桩的工程应用及效果评价．施工技术，1998，28(9)：1-3．
7． 朱向荣，潘秋元，娄建民等．深厚软土大型油罐搅拌桩复合地基试验研究，建筑结构学报，1997，18(5)：66-73．
8． 朱永清．超深层水泥搅拌桩施工工艺的优化试验研究．施工技术，2001，30(9)：8-10．
9． 吴世明，张忠苗，汤展飞等．大型油罐基础的设计与试验效果分析．浙江大学学报，1998，32(5)：577-583．
10． 华晶，刘丽．嘉兴大庆成品油库采用水泥搅拌桩处理油罐深厚软土地基．油气田地面工程，2000，19(1)：67-69．
11． 李长城．振冲法加固油罐软土地基的现场实测分析．油气田地面工程，1995，14(6)：51-53．
12． 卢靖，王树军．大功率振冲器在油罐地基加固工程中的应用实例．水利水电技术，1995，(7)：39-42，38．
13． 戚银生，田容泉，石明正等．振冲碎石桩加固油罐非均匀地基的效果．勘查科学技术，1997，(4)：29-33．
14． 叶国良，李卫，刘翼熊．振冲碎石桩加固油罐软土地基的应用分析．港工技术，2001，(2)：45-48．
15． 任明岭．软弱地基充水预压处理技术．建筑技术开发，1994，(1)：18-20，48．
16． 左发林．某油罐软基处理与效果检验．水运工程，1998，(10)：31-34．
17．贾庆山．粉细砂夹层的软粘土上建造大型油罐．特种结构，1999，16(2)：30-31，17．
18．赵家伟，盛应平．大型油罐软弱地基充水预压加固试验沉降监测．岩土工程界，2000，3(9)：35-37，42．
19．赵家伟．大型油罐软弱地基充水预压加固试验系统分析．岩土工程界，2000，3(10)：29-32．
20．贾庆山．充水预压排水固结处理储罐软基．施工技术，2001，30(9)：24-25，28．
21．何开胜，戴济群．超深排水板堆土预压法．水利学报，2000，(6)：74-80．
22．吴占刚．真空预压加固油罐地基．水运工程，2000，(8)：112-114．
23．徐金涛，傅日荣，房美景．刚性桩复合地基在钢油罐基础中的应用．山东建筑工程学院学报，2001，16(2)：93-95．
24．杨延纯，张亮．CFG桩复合地基在油罐工程中的应用．低温建筑技术，2000，(4)：51-52．
25．戚银生，石明正，付浩等．沉管挤密碎石桩充水预压处理油罐软土地基实例．勘察科学技术，1997，(5)：23-26．
26．魏新江，王铁儒．油罐地基加筋处理的一种近似分析．力学与实践，1997，17(5)：15-16．
27．魏新江．土工织物加筋垫层处理油罐软基的双参数分析．应用力学学报，1998，15(2)：136-139．
2． 何开胜，戴济群．超长水泥土桩地基的安全监测．大坝观测与土工测试，2000，24(5)：54-57．
3． 贾庆山．大型储罐软土地基变形控制标准的研究．石油工程建设，1996，(4)：17-21．
4． 贾庆山．振冲与充水预压综合处理大型油罐软地基工程实例综述．石油工程建设，1996，(2)：7-11．
5． 何开胜，陈宝勤．超长水泥土搅拌桩的试验研究和工程应用．土木工程学报，2000，33(2)：80-86．
6． 彭新宣，吴朝林，何开胜．超长水泥土桩的工程应用及效果评价．施工技术，1998，28(9)：1-3．
7． 朱向荣，潘秋元，娄建民等．深厚软土大型油罐搅拌桩复合地基试验研究，建筑结构学报，1997，18(5)：66-73．
8． 朱永清．超深层水泥搅拌桩施工工艺的优化试验研究．施工技术，2001，30(9)：8-10．
9． 吴世明，张忠苗，汤展飞等．大型油罐基础的设计与试验效果分析．浙江大学学报，1998，32(5)：577-583．
10． 华晶，刘丽．嘉兴大庆成品油库采用水泥搅拌桩处理油罐深厚软土地基．油气田地面工程，2000，19(1)：67-69．
11． 李长城．振冲法加固油罐软土地基的现场实测分析．油气田地面工程，1995，14(6)：51-53．
12． 卢靖，王树军．大功率振冲器在油罐地基加固工程中的应用实例．水利水电技术，1995，(7)：39-42，38．
13． 戚银生，田容泉，石明正等．振冲碎石桩加固油罐非均匀地基的效果．勘查科学技术，1997，(4)：29-33．
14． 叶国良，李卫，刘翼熊．振冲碎石桩加固油罐软土地基的应用分析．港工技术，2001，(2)：45-48．
15． 任明岭．软弱地基充水预压处理技术．建筑技术开发，1994，(1)：18-20，48．
16． 左发林．某油罐软基处理与效果检验．水运工程，1998，(10)：31-34．
17．贾庆山．粉细砂夹层的软粘土上建造大型油罐．特种结构，1999，16(2)：30-31，17．
18．赵家伟，盛应平．大型油罐软弱地基充水预压加固试验沉降监测．岩土工程界，2000，3(9)：35-37，42．
19．赵家伟．大型油罐软弱地基充水预压加固试验系统分析．岩土工程界，2000，3(10)：29-32．
20．贾庆山．充水预压排水固结处理储罐软基．施工技术，2001，30(9)：24-25，28．
21．何开胜，戴济群．超深排水板堆土预压法．水利学报，2000，(6)：74-80．
22．吴占刚．真空预压加固油罐地基．水运工程，2000，(8)：112-114．
23．徐金涛，傅日荣，房美景．刚性桩复合地基在钢油罐基础中的应用．山东建筑工程学院学报，2001，16(2)：93-95．
24．杨延纯，张亮．CFG桩复合地基在油罐工程中的应用．低温建筑技术，2000，(4)：51-52．
25．戚银生，石明正，付浩等．沉管挤密碎石桩充水预压处理油罐软土地基实例．勘察科学技术，1997，(5)：23-26．
26．魏新江，王铁儒．油罐地基加筋处理的一种近似分析．力学与实践，1997，17(5)：15-16．
27．魏新江．土工织物加筋垫层处理油罐软基的双参数分析．应用力学学报，1998，15(2)：136-139．