多状态多频段海洋遥感雷达系统研究与实现
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摘要
在过去的三十年间,高频地波雷达在海洋表面遥感方面已经取得了很大的进展,雷达能实施对海洋远距离、大面积和全天候的实时监测,能同时探测风、浪、流等海洋物理要素。与其它探测设备相比,高频雷达在海洋环境监测上有着独到的优势。它的测量精度高、监测面积大,且比其他高技术监测设备投资少。由于高频地波雷达在海洋环境监测上巨大的应用价值和广阔的前景,加紧对其研究和提高它的探测性能将为我国的国家安全和经济建设提供强有力的保障。
近年来伴随飞速发展的电子技术,计算机技术特别是软件无线电的广泛应用,无线电海洋遥感观测的整体技术和性能都得到了不断的改进和提高。武汉大学电波传播实验室承担的国家863计划“便携式高频地波雷达海洋环境监测技术研究”课题,完成了国内第一台商业化带频谱监测的高频地波海洋环境监测雷达OSMAR-S200的系统设计。本文提出了一种多工作状态雷达系统的设计方法,通过灵活配置的工作时序,在一个雷达工作周期内完成雷达回波接收处理和外部噪声采集处理,通过严格控制的工作时序实现对雷达各个模块的控制。雷达在每个线性调频周期的间歇完成对外部噪声数据的采集分析,选择较为“纯净”的工作频段,提高了雷达主动抗干扰性能,从而提高雷达的工作指标和性能。本文根据在多工作状态下的相参雷达采样时序特点,对接收机中的数字信号处理算法进行了相应的调整,提出一种全新的高效数据处理结构,且对该算法结构的功能进行了推广应用,能够实现任意频带信号的提取以及将信号调制至用户设定的频带上。除此之外,该雷达系统具有宽工作频带的特点,其频率范围覆盖高频至超高频,因此雷达系统能够适应多个频段工作的要求。本文中的超高频雷达水面散射试验研究来自于电波实验室承担的国家自然科学基金资助课题“超高频海洋回波特性观察与建模研究”。文中给出了在多种环境下的超高频雷达试验并给出相应的结果分析。另外给出了雷达工作在不同频段时,系统参数设计的特点及分时多频(双频)的设计方案和要点。
全文的主要研究内容及创新工作如下：
1.本文提出了一种多工作状态雷达系统的设计方法,通过灵活配置的工作时序,能够在一个工作周期内完成多个工作状态。本文以雷达系统实现频谱监测功能为例,根据雷达系统的结构和信号处理特点,提出了通过分时共用的方法,在频谱监测时段通过系统的接收通道来实现外部噪声数据的采集分析。在本文中给出了频谱监测的具体方法和信号处理流程以及频谱监测的参数设计介绍。并在现场试验中对本系统频谱监测结果与专用频谱分析设备采集的外部噪声频谱进行了对比验证,结果证明该频谱监测具有稳定可靠的特点。
2.本文给出了在多个状态的条件下,为了保证每个工作状态数据采集和处理的独立性,提出了一种高效的数据解调算法,算法采用了分组抽取FFT相位补偿累加的办法实现了雷达距离解调。具有运算速度快,频谱信息保存完整的特点。同时本文对该方法进行了深入研究,能够实现任意频带信息的提取以及将信号调制至用户设定的频带上,文中给出了详细的实现方法和信号处理流程。
3.该雷达系统为一个开放式试验平台,工作频率范围覆盖高频段到超高频段,为分时多频雷达系统设计奠定了技术基础,雷达配置为超高频段时,我们分别完成了不同水体特性下的散射试验,给出了沿岸海洋动力学和武汉长江二桥河道探测试验介绍,并给出了结果分析。另外系统完成了4-5MHz、7-8MHz、12-14MHz、25MHz和305MHz的现场试验,本文给出了多个频段的参数设计和系统结构特点,另外结合雷达系统多工作状态的时序特点,可以将系统配置成分时多频(双频)雷达,文中给出了分时多频(双频)理论和技术方面的相关研究。
Over the past three decades, significant advances have been made in the use of high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) for real-time and all-weahter remote sensing of ocean surface dynamic parameters, including wind, wave and current i.e. Compared to other measuring instruments, HFSWR has the advantage of high resolution, large area covering, real-time and lower cost. Because of these advantages and potentional exploration, so it is necessary to develop our own high frequency radar system for the security the country and the investigation of oceanic rescourses.
With the quick development of electronics and computing technology, espascially Software Defined Radio (SDR), the performance of the remote sensing system have been improved significantely. Radiowave Propagation Lab. of Wuhan University has successfully accomplished the National High Technology 863 Project 'Research of Protable High Frequency Ocean State Measurement and Analysis Radar', designed the first commercial HF radar system (OSMAR-S200), with a protable antenna and three-channel receiver, even more the system can acquire the noise outside the radar system, to make sure the frequency band we select is relatively 'pure'in the complicated electromagelatic environment. The thesis proposed a method which can realize a multi-state method, with the configurable time controlling module. During one radar operating period, the system can accomplich the echo receiving and noise acquiring with the time division technology. The modules of radar receiver are strictly controlled by synchronization controller. And with this time division technology, we proposed a new digital demodulation method as well, the new structure is more efficient and with higher performance, and further research has been done to achieve multirate sampling rate conversion. Besides that, another National Nature Science Funding Topic'Research and Modeling of UHF radar clutter reflected by ocean wave'. Our system can be configurated as UHF radar. This thesis gives the detail of UHF radar system design and field experiment.
The content of the thesis is approximately as follows:
1. Design method of multi-state radar system is proposed, with the configurable radar synchronization controller, the system can accomplisch more than one mission during one working period. In the paper, we use this technology to achieve the noise monitoring, and the design method of synchronization controller is given as well. With the noise we acquired, we could find a relative'pure'frequency band with less noise and interference, and the performance of the radar system is impoved, and during the field test, we use the professional spectrum analyzer to validate our noise monitoring design, it proves the design is reliable.
2. In order to adapt the multi-state radar sytem design, a new digital signal processing method is proposed in this paper, which can achieve radar signal demodulation and sampling rate conversion without anti-aliasing digital filter used in the structure, in stead, a polyphase combinated with FFT structure is used for the demodulation, which is an efficient demodulation method. And even more the structure can be modified for modulation and demodulation, and multirate sampling rate conversion.
3. As the radar system is an open platform, which can operate from HF to UHF frequency band. When the system operates at UHF frequency band, we have finished the experiment to research the backscatter by fresh water and salty water. The experiments at the beach of East China Sea and the Bridge of Yangtze River are introduced in this paper. And the experiments with frequency 4～5MHz,12～14MHz,25MHz and 305MHz are introduced as well. The radar parameters and echo spectrum are given, with the multi-state design; the system can be configured as time-devision dual-frequency system. The theory and system design are given for the realization.
近年来伴随飞速发展的电子技术,计算机技术特别是软件无线电的广泛应用,无线电海洋遥感观测的整体技术和性能都得到了不断的改进和提高。武汉大学电波传播实验室承担的国家863计划“便携式高频地波雷达海洋环境监测技术研究”课题,完成了国内第一台商业化带频谱监测的高频地波海洋环境监测雷达OSMAR-S200的系统设计。本文提出了一种多工作状态雷达系统的设计方法,通过灵活配置的工作时序,在一个雷达工作周期内完成雷达回波接收处理和外部噪声采集处理,通过严格控制的工作时序实现对雷达各个模块的控制。雷达在每个线性调频周期的间歇完成对外部噪声数据的采集分析,选择较为“纯净”的工作频段,提高了雷达主动抗干扰性能,从而提高雷达的工作指标和性能。本文根据在多工作状态下的相参雷达采样时序特点,对接收机中的数字信号处理算法进行了相应的调整,提出一种全新的高效数据处理结构,且对该算法结构的功能进行了推广应用,能够实现任意频带信号的提取以及将信号调制至用户设定的频带上。除此之外,该雷达系统具有宽工作频带的特点,其频率范围覆盖高频至超高频,因此雷达系统能够适应多个频段工作的要求。本文中的超高频雷达水面散射试验研究来自于电波实验室承担的国家自然科学基金资助课题“超高频海洋回波特性观察与建模研究”。文中给出了在多种环境下的超高频雷达试验并给出相应的结果分析。另外给出了雷达工作在不同频段时,系统参数设计的特点及分时多频(双频)的设计方案和要点。
全文的主要研究内容及创新工作如下：
1.本文提出了一种多工作状态雷达系统的设计方法,通过灵活配置的工作时序,能够在一个工作周期内完成多个工作状态。本文以雷达系统实现频谱监测功能为例,根据雷达系统的结构和信号处理特点,提出了通过分时共用的方法,在频谱监测时段通过系统的接收通道来实现外部噪声数据的采集分析。在本文中给出了频谱监测的具体方法和信号处理流程以及频谱监测的参数设计介绍。并在现场试验中对本系统频谱监测结果与专用频谱分析设备采集的外部噪声频谱进行了对比验证,结果证明该频谱监测具有稳定可靠的特点。
2.本文给出了在多个状态的条件下,为了保证每个工作状态数据采集和处理的独立性,提出了一种高效的数据解调算法,算法采用了分组抽取FFT相位补偿累加的办法实现了雷达距离解调。具有运算速度快,频谱信息保存完整的特点。同时本文对该方法进行了深入研究,能够实现任意频带信息的提取以及将信号调制至用户设定的频带上,文中给出了详细的实现方法和信号处理流程。
3.该雷达系统为一个开放式试验平台,工作频率范围覆盖高频段到超高频段,为分时多频雷达系统设计奠定了技术基础,雷达配置为超高频段时,我们分别完成了不同水体特性下的散射试验,给出了沿岸海洋动力学和武汉长江二桥河道探测试验介绍,并给出了结果分析。另外系统完成了4-5MHz、7-8MHz、12-14MHz、25MHz和305MHz的现场试验,本文给出了多个频段的参数设计和系统结构特点,另外结合雷达系统多工作状态的时序特点,可以将系统配置成分时多频(双频)雷达,文中给出了分时多频(双频)理论和技术方面的相关研究。
Over the past three decades, significant advances have been made in the use of high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) for real-time and all-weahter remote sensing of ocean surface dynamic parameters, including wind, wave and current i.e. Compared to other measuring instruments, HFSWR has the advantage of high resolution, large area covering, real-time and lower cost. Because of these advantages and potentional exploration, so it is necessary to develop our own high frequency radar system for the security the country and the investigation of oceanic rescourses.
With the quick development of electronics and computing technology, espascially Software Defined Radio (SDR), the performance of the remote sensing system have been improved significantely. Radiowave Propagation Lab. of Wuhan University has successfully accomplished the National High Technology 863 Project 'Research of Protable High Frequency Ocean State Measurement and Analysis Radar', designed the first commercial HF radar system (OSMAR-S200), with a protable antenna and three-channel receiver, even more the system can acquire the noise outside the radar system, to make sure the frequency band we select is relatively 'pure'in the complicated electromagelatic environment. The thesis proposed a method which can realize a multi-state method, with the configurable time controlling module. During one radar operating period, the system can accomplich the echo receiving and noise acquiring with the time division technology. The modules of radar receiver are strictly controlled by synchronization controller. And with this time division technology, we proposed a new digital demodulation method as well, the new structure is more efficient and with higher performance, and further research has been done to achieve multirate sampling rate conversion. Besides that, another National Nature Science Funding Topic'Research and Modeling of UHF radar clutter reflected by ocean wave'. Our system can be configurated as UHF radar. This thesis gives the detail of UHF radar system design and field experiment.
The content of the thesis is approximately as follows:
1. Design method of multi-state radar system is proposed, with the configurable radar synchronization controller, the system can accomplisch more than one mission during one working period. In the paper, we use this technology to achieve the noise monitoring, and the design method of synchronization controller is given as well. With the noise we acquired, we could find a relative'pure'frequency band with less noise and interference, and the performance of the radar system is impoved, and during the field test, we use the professional spectrum analyzer to validate our noise monitoring design, it proves the design is reliable.
2. In order to adapt the multi-state radar sytem design, a new digital signal processing method is proposed in this paper, which can achieve radar signal demodulation and sampling rate conversion without anti-aliasing digital filter used in the structure, in stead, a polyphase combinated with FFT structure is used for the demodulation, which is an efficient demodulation method. And even more the structure can be modified for modulation and demodulation, and multirate sampling rate conversion.
3. As the radar system is an open platform, which can operate from HF to UHF frequency band. When the system operates at UHF frequency band, we have finished the experiment to research the backscatter by fresh water and salty water. The experiments at the beach of East China Sea and the Bridge of Yangtze River are introduced in this paper. And the experiments with frequency 4～5MHz,12～14MHz,25MHz and 305MHz are introduced as well. The radar parameters and echo spectrum are given, with the multi-state design; the system can be configured as time-devision dual-frequency system. The theory and system design are given for the realization.
引文
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