绿盲蝽对寄主植物挥发物的趋性及忌避研究
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摘要
绿盲蝽(Lygus lucorum Meyer-Dur)属半翅目盲蝽科,国内分布几遍全国。其寄主广泛,可以危害很多作物,如棉花、豆类、苜蓿和各种果树等。绿盲蝽具有活动、扩散能力强,繁殖率高等特性,易在短期内形成庞大的种群数量。近年来,绿盲蝽发生越来越重,严重影响果树和农作物的生产。为了进一步探明植物挥发性物质中对绿盲蝽起主要引诱和驱避作用的有效成分,筛选绿盲蝽引诱剂和驱避剂的配方,进行绿盲蝽的无公害综合防治,我们利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术以及生物测定的方法对绿盲蝽寄主植物挥发物进行了研究。首先,利用动态顶空采集法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术对绿盲蝽几种寄主植物包括棉花(Gossypium spp.)、苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、黄豆(Glycine max)、紫边眉豆(Dolichos lablabl)、绿豆(Vigna radiata)、茄子(Solanum melongena)、辣椒(Capsicum frutescens)和架豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)的挥发物成分进行了分析比较,进一步探究绿盲蝽对寄主植物不同选择程度的差异性。然后对受绿盲蝽危害的黄豆和枣树植株的挥发物进行了比较分析,结合绿盲蝽的行为学测定,探明了对绿盲蝽起主要引诱和驱避作用的有效成分的来源。最后利用几种筛选出来的标准化合物及其不同的混配物对绿盲蝽进行了趋性反应测定,筛选出了绿盲蝽引诱剂和驱避剂的配方组成。具体研究结果如下:
1.在绿盲蝽几种寄主植物中共鉴定出26种化合物,包括醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、萜烯类、烃类和芳香族化合物。在寄主植物黄豆、棉花、苜蓿、架豆、紫边眉豆、绿豆和辣椒中含量最高的化合物都是己内酰胺,而在寄主植物茄子中含量最高的化合物是乙苯。2-乙基-1-己醇是黄豆所特有的挥发性化合物,β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯和1-癸炔是棉花所特有的挥发性化合物,己醛、反式-2-己烯醛、1-乙烯基己醇、3-辛酮、β-芳樟醇、2,4-二甲基环己醇和β-环柠檬醛是苜蓿特有的挥发性化合物,2-乙烯基-1,1-二甲基-3-亚甲基环己烷是架豆特有的挥发性化合物, 2,4-二异丙烯基-1-甲基-1-乙烯基环己烷是辣椒特有的挥发性化合物。
2.绿盲蝽雌虫的行为学测定表明,被害植物虫口数量不同,绿盲蝽雌虫的行为反应不同。与健康黄豆相比,被害黄豆(26头)对绿盲蝽雌虫有更强的吸引作用,被害黄豆(34头)对绿盲蝽雌虫有显著的驱避作用;与空气和健康枣树相比,被害枣树(30头)对绿盲蝽雌虫也均有显著的驱避作用。结合对被害寄主植物挥发物的分析比较,我们发现,对绿盲蝽起引诱作用的L36来源于寄主植物(黄豆和枣树);对绿盲蝽起驱避作用的E93和H26分别来源于被害植物(枣树)和绿盲蝽群体本身。
3.筛选出了绿盲蝽引诱剂和驱避剂的配方,绿盲蝽引诱剂配方成分只有1种,即L36;绿盲蝽驱避剂的配方成分有2种,即H26和P10,其含量比为34∶1,并且研究发现,不同单体化合物混合在一起后与原来各自单体相比较,会产生增效或拮抗作用。
Lygus lucorum Meyer-Dur belongs to hemiptera miridae, the distribution is almost all over the country in China. Its host is rather widespread, and it does harm to a lot of crops such as cotton, beans, alfalfa and some kinds of fruit trees, etc. In recent years, so many Lygus lucorum occur , and have seriously effect on the fruit trees and crop production. In order to further explore the effective components of attraction and repellent to Lygus lucorum in the volatiles of the plant, and to screen the recipe of attractant and repellent to Lygus lucorum, thus preventing and controing Lygus lucorum in comprehensive pollution free way, we researched the volatiles of host plant of Lygus lucorum by the GC-MS and biometric method. Firstly we analysed and compared the ingredient of the volatiles of some host plants such as Gossypium spp., Medicago sativa, Glycine max, Dolichos lablabl, Vigna radiate, Solanum melongena, Capsicum frutescens and Phaseolus vulgaris and further explored the difference in the degree of different choices of Lygus lucorum to host plant. And then we analysed the volatiles of Glycine max and Zizyphus jujube damaged by Lygus lucorum and explored the sources of the material effective components of attraction and repellent to Lygus lucorum combined with the behavior determination of Lygus lucorum. Finally we screened the recipe of attractant and repellent to Lygus lucorum. The concrete results of the study are as follows:
1.26 compounds were analysized by GC-MS in these host plants, mainly including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, terpenes, hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds. The highest content of compounds in Gossypium spp., Medicago sativa, Glycine max, Dolichos lablabl, Vigna radiate, Capsicum frutescens and Phaseolus vulgaris is Caprolactam, and the highest content of compounds in Solanum melongena is Ethylbenzene. The unique compounds in Glycine max is 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; andβ- Pinene,β-Myrcene, and 1-Decyne is the unique compounds in Gossypium spp.; Hexanal, E-2-Hexenal, 1-Vinyl hexanol, 3-Octanone,β-Linalool, Cyclohexanol, 2,4-dimethyl-, andβ-Cyclocitral are the unique compounds in Medicago sativa; Cyclohexane, 2-ethenyl-1,1-dimethyl-3-methylene- is the unique compounds in Phaseolus vulgaris; Cyclohexane, 2,4-diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1- vinyl-, (1S, 2R, 4R)-(-)- is the unique compounds in Capsicum frutescens.
2.The behavior determination shows that when the Population quantity is different, the behavior of the female Lygus lucorum is different. Glycine max harmed (26) has the stronger attraction to the female Lygus lucorum than the healthy plant, while Glycine max harmed (34) has the prominent repellent to the female Lygus lucorum. Zizyphus jujube harmed (30) has the prominent repellent to the female Lygus lucorum compared with the healthy plant and the air. Combine the analysis and comparison of the volatiles of the plant harmed, we found that L36 attract the female Lygus lucorum is derived from host plant (Glycine max and Zizyphus jujube). E93 and H26 repelling the female Lygus lucorum are root in host plant (Zizyphus jujube) and the Lygus lucorum itself.
3.We screened out the recipe of the attractant and repellent to Lygus lucorum, the ingredient of the attractant is L36; the ingredient of the repellent are H26 and P10, the ratio is 34∶1. We also found that the mixture of different monomer compounds will produce synergy and antagonism effect compared with the monomer.
1.在绿盲蝽几种寄主植物中共鉴定出26种化合物,包括醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、萜烯类、烃类和芳香族化合物。在寄主植物黄豆、棉花、苜蓿、架豆、紫边眉豆、绿豆和辣椒中含量最高的化合物都是己内酰胺,而在寄主植物茄子中含量最高的化合物是乙苯。2-乙基-1-己醇是黄豆所特有的挥发性化合物,β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯和1-癸炔是棉花所特有的挥发性化合物,己醛、反式-2-己烯醛、1-乙烯基己醇、3-辛酮、β-芳樟醇、2,4-二甲基环己醇和β-环柠檬醛是苜蓿特有的挥发性化合物,2-乙烯基-1,1-二甲基-3-亚甲基环己烷是架豆特有的挥发性化合物, 2,4-二异丙烯基-1-甲基-1-乙烯基环己烷是辣椒特有的挥发性化合物。
2.绿盲蝽雌虫的行为学测定表明,被害植物虫口数量不同,绿盲蝽雌虫的行为反应不同。与健康黄豆相比,被害黄豆(26头)对绿盲蝽雌虫有更强的吸引作用,被害黄豆(34头)对绿盲蝽雌虫有显著的驱避作用;与空气和健康枣树相比,被害枣树(30头)对绿盲蝽雌虫也均有显著的驱避作用。结合对被害寄主植物挥发物的分析比较,我们发现,对绿盲蝽起引诱作用的L36来源于寄主植物(黄豆和枣树);对绿盲蝽起驱避作用的E93和H26分别来源于被害植物(枣树)和绿盲蝽群体本身。
3.筛选出了绿盲蝽引诱剂和驱避剂的配方,绿盲蝽引诱剂配方成分只有1种,即L36;绿盲蝽驱避剂的配方成分有2种,即H26和P10,其含量比为34∶1,并且研究发现,不同单体化合物混合在一起后与原来各自单体相比较,会产生增效或拮抗作用。
Lygus lucorum Meyer-Dur belongs to hemiptera miridae, the distribution is almost all over the country in China. Its host is rather widespread, and it does harm to a lot of crops such as cotton, beans, alfalfa and some kinds of fruit trees, etc. In recent years, so many Lygus lucorum occur , and have seriously effect on the fruit trees and crop production. In order to further explore the effective components of attraction and repellent to Lygus lucorum in the volatiles of the plant, and to screen the recipe of attractant and repellent to Lygus lucorum, thus preventing and controing Lygus lucorum in comprehensive pollution free way, we researched the volatiles of host plant of Lygus lucorum by the GC-MS and biometric method. Firstly we analysed and compared the ingredient of the volatiles of some host plants such as Gossypium spp., Medicago sativa, Glycine max, Dolichos lablabl, Vigna radiate, Solanum melongena, Capsicum frutescens and Phaseolus vulgaris and further explored the difference in the degree of different choices of Lygus lucorum to host plant. And then we analysed the volatiles of Glycine max and Zizyphus jujube damaged by Lygus lucorum and explored the sources of the material effective components of attraction and repellent to Lygus lucorum combined with the behavior determination of Lygus lucorum. Finally we screened the recipe of attractant and repellent to Lygus lucorum. The concrete results of the study are as follows:
1.26 compounds were analysized by GC-MS in these host plants, mainly including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, terpenes, hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds. The highest content of compounds in Gossypium spp., Medicago sativa, Glycine max, Dolichos lablabl, Vigna radiate, Capsicum frutescens and Phaseolus vulgaris is Caprolactam, and the highest content of compounds in Solanum melongena is Ethylbenzene. The unique compounds in Glycine max is 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; andβ- Pinene,β-Myrcene, and 1-Decyne is the unique compounds in Gossypium spp.; Hexanal, E-2-Hexenal, 1-Vinyl hexanol, 3-Octanone,β-Linalool, Cyclohexanol, 2,4-dimethyl-, andβ-Cyclocitral are the unique compounds in Medicago sativa; Cyclohexane, 2-ethenyl-1,1-dimethyl-3-methylene- is the unique compounds in Phaseolus vulgaris; Cyclohexane, 2,4-diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1- vinyl-, (1S, 2R, 4R)-(-)- is the unique compounds in Capsicum frutescens.
2.The behavior determination shows that when the Population quantity is different, the behavior of the female Lygus lucorum is different. Glycine max harmed (26) has the stronger attraction to the female Lygus lucorum than the healthy plant, while Glycine max harmed (34) has the prominent repellent to the female Lygus lucorum. Zizyphus jujube harmed (30) has the prominent repellent to the female Lygus lucorum compared with the healthy plant and the air. Combine the analysis and comparison of the volatiles of the plant harmed, we found that L36 attract the female Lygus lucorum is derived from host plant (Glycine max and Zizyphus jujube). E93 and H26 repelling the female Lygus lucorum are root in host plant (Zizyphus jujube) and the Lygus lucorum itself.
3.We screened out the recipe of the attractant and repellent to Lygus lucorum, the ingredient of the attractant is L36; the ingredient of the repellent are H26 and P10, the ratio is 34∶1. We also found that the mixture of different monomer compounds will produce synergy and antagonism effect compared with the monomer.
引文
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