分布式光纤传感系统中高速采集卡的设计与实现
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摘要
基于PCI总线接口的高速数据采集和处理系统是拉曼型分布式光纤传感系统(DOFS)中的重要组成部分之一。高速采集卡完成对光电转换之后的信号进行调理、采样、存储和转发,其高效性和实时性,保证了DOFS系统能够准确地测量出一定分辨率下的温度信息,从而及时发现应用场合中存在的问题。
本文首先讨论了光时域反射和拉曼测温的基本原理原理,理论上论证了格雷互补码和累加平均对提高信噪比的作用,并借用Matlab软件工具对其中关键的信号处理技术进行了仿真。接着,本文对高速数据采集卡的设计原理和方案进行了深入分析,设计了基于PCI接口和FPGA的高速采集卡的硬件电路,其中原理图和PCB印制板由Altium Designer Summer09软件设计实现。硬件电路按照DOFS系统的技术指标要求分五个模块进行了功能设计。软件下位机部分,利用Altera公司的开发工具软件,采用Verilog HDL描述语言进行编写,实现了各个硬件模块的驱动,设计了格雷互补码方式的调制脉冲,对数据转发之前进行了累加平均操作。软件上位机部分,利用PLX Technology公司的PLX SDK开发套件,在VS2005软件下,设计了PCI数据采集驱动,实现了80MB/s-120MB/s的高速数据传输,基本上达到了系统预期的设计目标。
The high-speed data acquisition card,based on PCI bus interface protocol,is one of the most important parts of Raman Distributed Fiber Sensing system (DOFS). High-speed acquisition card is used as signal conditioning, sampling, storing and forwarding afterphotoelectric conversion. The highefficiency and real-time of the card ensure the DOFS system to measure the temperature information accuratelyat a given resolution, and findproblems in a timely manner during applications.
First of all, the paper discusses the theories of Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR), Raman optical fiber temperature sensor. Then the operation principles to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using Golay complementary codes and cumulative average method are demonstrated. Also it introduces how both of two signal processing techniques to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and simulations with Matlab software verify their effects. Secondly, the paper conducts a deep research to describe design principles and programs of the high-speed data acquisition card, and decided the architecture based on PCI interface and FPGA hardware circuit. Hardware circuits are desiged by Altium Designer software and divided into five sub-modules according to the technical indicators of the DOFS system. The software on FPGA part is developed by development software of Altera Corporation, and it is written with the Verilog HDL hardware description language. The bottom software realizes drivers of various hardware modules, modulation pulse of Gray complementary code and cumulative average algrithm before forwarding the acquisition data. The software on host computer, which makes use of PLX SDK Development Kit of PLX Technology Corporation, realises PCI data acquisition driver in VS2005with C++language. The high-speed data acquisition card used in DOFS system has a transmission speed from80MB/s to120MB/s, which achieves the design goal basically.
本文首先讨论了光时域反射和拉曼测温的基本原理原理,理论上论证了格雷互补码和累加平均对提高信噪比的作用,并借用Matlab软件工具对其中关键的信号处理技术进行了仿真。接着,本文对高速数据采集卡的设计原理和方案进行了深入分析,设计了基于PCI接口和FPGA的高速采集卡的硬件电路,其中原理图和PCB印制板由Altium Designer Summer09软件设计实现。硬件电路按照DOFS系统的技术指标要求分五个模块进行了功能设计。软件下位机部分,利用Altera公司的开发工具软件,采用Verilog HDL描述语言进行编写,实现了各个硬件模块的驱动,设计了格雷互补码方式的调制脉冲,对数据转发之前进行了累加平均操作。软件上位机部分,利用PLX Technology公司的PLX SDK开发套件,在VS2005软件下,设计了PCI数据采集驱动,实现了80MB/s-120MB/s的高速数据传输,基本上达到了系统预期的设计目标。
The high-speed data acquisition card,based on PCI bus interface protocol,is one of the most important parts of Raman Distributed Fiber Sensing system (DOFS). High-speed acquisition card is used as signal conditioning, sampling, storing and forwarding afterphotoelectric conversion. The highefficiency and real-time of the card ensure the DOFS system to measure the temperature information accuratelyat a given resolution, and findproblems in a timely manner during applications.
First of all, the paper discusses the theories of Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR), Raman optical fiber temperature sensor. Then the operation principles to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using Golay complementary codes and cumulative average method are demonstrated. Also it introduces how both of two signal processing techniques to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and simulations with Matlab software verify their effects. Secondly, the paper conducts a deep research to describe design principles and programs of the high-speed data acquisition card, and decided the architecture based on PCI interface and FPGA hardware circuit. Hardware circuits are desiged by Altium Designer software and divided into five sub-modules according to the technical indicators of the DOFS system. The software on FPGA part is developed by development software of Altera Corporation, and it is written with the Verilog HDL hardware description language. The bottom software realizes drivers of various hardware modules, modulation pulse of Gray complementary code and cumulative average algrithm before forwarding the acquisition data. The software on host computer, which makes use of PLX SDK Development Kit of PLX Technology Corporation, realises PCI data acquisition driver in VS2005with C++language. The high-speed data acquisition card used in DOFS system has a transmission speed from80MB/s to120MB/s, which achieves the design goal basically.
引文
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[2]阳洋.干涉型光纤传感系统中光板的实现.北京邮电大学.2009.
[3]赵斌.基于DSP处理的布里渊DOFS数据处理系统的研制.浙江大学.2005.
[4]王惠文.光纤传感技术与应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社.2001,25-38.
[5]薛林.高速PCI数据采集卡的设计与实现.南京理工大学.2006.
[6]孟庆文.基于P-OTDR分布式光纤传感器若干问题的研究.北京交通大学.2008.
[7]张宝军OTDR的原理及应用.中国有线电视.2009(12).
[8]黄章勇.新型无源光器件.北京：北京邮电大学出版社.2003：184-242.
[9]罗超.马赫泽德干涉仪偏振态控制和拉曼光纤温度传感器设计.北京邮电大学.2009.
[10]C.V.Raman. Indian J.Phys.2,387(1928).
[11]朱洁.基于喇曼散射的分布式光纤温度检测系统的研究.枣庄学院学报.2005(5).
[12]李永倩,程效伟.格雷互补序列在BOTDR中的应用研究及性能分析[J].华北电力大学学报.2008,35(1)：93-97.
[13]王喜光,吴长奇.基于FPGA的格雷互补码的实现.真空电子技术.2006(6).
[14]林玉兰,陈永泰.拉曼散射分布式光纤温度传感器的设计.光电子技术与信息.2002(2)
[15]鲍翀.采用S编码提高分布式光纤传感系统性能的研究[D].浙江大学.2010.
[16]Analog Device. AD4937-2 datasheet, Rev.C.2007.
[17]Analog Device. AD9268 datasheet,Rev.A.2009.
[18]Cypress Semiconductor Corporation. CY7C09579Vdatasheet.2005.
[19]杨志方,王泽成,涂坦,等.基于FPGA的多路高速数据采集系统的实现[J].武汉化工学院学报.2006,28(3)：58-61.
[20]AlteraCorporation. Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1.2008.
[21]褚振勇,翁木云FPGA设计及应用[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社.2002.
[22]刘腾飞.涡流无损检测分选仪的设计与开发.南京理工大学学报.2012.
[23]Altera Corporation.Serial Configuration (EPCS) Devices Datasheet.2012.
[24]李贵山,陈金鹏.PCI局部总线及其应用.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社.2003.
[25]于振华.基于PCI的ARINC429机载总线板卡的设计与实现.成都理工大学学 报.2010.
[26]PLX technology.PCI9054 Data Book Version 2.2.2001.
[27]Microchip Technology Inc.93LC56B datasheet.1998.
[28]Nationnal Semiconductor. LM1117 datasheet.2004.
[29]Linear Technology. LT1763CS8 datasheet.2009.
[30]张国辉.干线综合测试仪FPGA设计实现.北京交通大学.2009.
[31]胡延兴.超宽带(UWB)系统检测技术研究及ASIC实现.东南大学学报.2010.
[32]刘蕾蕾.基于嵌入式技术的健身娱乐控制系统研究与设计.中国海洋大学.2007.
[33]Mentor Graphics Corporation. ModelSim SE User's Manual Version 6.5a.2009.
[34]何浩.基于DSP和FPGA的图像处理平台的研究和实现.南京航空航天大学学报.2011.
[35]陈玉,成永红,徐霄伟,等.100MHz采样速率局放在线监测智能单元的开发.高电压技术.2008(11).
[36]尹勇,李宇.PCI设备总线开发宝典.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[37]余辉,汪国林.基于PCI总线的ARCNET网卡设计.自动化与仪表,2008(7).
[38]PLX Technology. PLX SDK User Manual Version 6.30.2009.
[39]PLX Technology. PLXmon User's Guide Version 1.1.2000.
[40]PLX technology. PCI9054 DataSheet Version 2.2.2001.
[41]PLX Technology. PLX 9000 Legacy API Reference Manual Version 5.0.2007.
[42]赵伟,杨春晓,吴恒,吴海涛.利用Windriver开发PCI总线设备驱动.山西电子技术.2007(6).
[43]PCI Special Interest Group. PCI ExpressCard Electromechanical Specification Revision 1.0a.2003.
[44]习志奇.浅谈高速线路板的设计.有线通信技术.2002(2).