电气化铁路供电系统负荷过程仿真研究
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摘要
随着电气化铁路的比重增加，对系统各组成部分及其相互关系的研究提出了更高的要求。因而，如何合理而有充分依据地进行电气化铁路的新线设计，科学地组织现有电气化铁路的运行及改造，以及正确选择与评价牵引供电系统供电设备的能力，评价电气化铁路供电系统对电力系统的影响等，从而实现合理、经济和可靠地多目标规划，是电气化铁路所面临的重大问题。本论文以计算机仿真为手段，以最小能耗为目的，建立了分析电牵引负荷运行过程的计算机仿真模型，较为全面地考虑了各种对负荷过程有影响的因素，较真实地再现了电牵引负荷的动态过程，同时分析了对不同类型电力机车以最小能耗为原则的列车合理操纵系统，为牵引运行仿真提供机车操纵标准。另外，利用MATLAB软件平台上的仿真软件SIMULINK建立了韶山4改进型电力机车数字仿真模型，并利用SIMPOERSYSTEM工具箱的POWERGUI对电流进行FFT分析，得到注入牵引网的基波和各次谐波电流的幅值和含量，为计算牵引变电所全天24h谐波电流的随机模拟计算打下了基础。
With the proportion of electric railways increasing, higher requirements to the research about each part of systems and their correlations are put forward. Thus, an important problem that electric railways face to is how to design the electric railways function and their reconstruction reasonably and sufficiently, and organize them scientifically, and how to select correctly and value the ability of the traction power system equipments, evaluate the influence of power systems which electric railways bring to, thus realize reasonable, economical and reliable multi-goal programming.
In this paper, by the means of computer simulation, with a minimum of traction energy consumption a simulation model, which analyse electric locomotives and load-process in AC traction system is designed. This model better completely think of all possible kinds of effects, which can effect the processing of traction load, it can better truly reflect the dynamic process of electric locomotives. At the same time, an optimum train control algorithm ensuring train operation with a minimum of traction energy consumption is builded. It provides the standard how to operate the train for the traction simulation. In addition this paper builds the digital model of SS4 with the simulation software SIMPOWERSYSTEM based on MATLAB. Through of current with FFT function POWERGUI. Fundamental and harmonic current injected into the catenaries by the electric locomotive is deducted.
With the proportion of electric railways increasing, higher requirements to the research about each part of systems and their correlations are put forward. Thus, an important problem that electric railways face to is how to design the electric railways function and their reconstruction reasonably and sufficiently, and organize them scientifically, and how to select correctly and value the ability of the traction power system equipments, evaluate the influence of power systems which electric railways bring to, thus realize reasonable, economical and reliable multi-goal programming.
In this paper, by the means of computer simulation, with a minimum of traction energy consumption a simulation model, which analyse electric locomotives and load-process in AC traction system is designed. This model better completely think of all possible kinds of effects, which can effect the processing of traction load, it can better truly reflect the dynamic process of electric locomotives. At the same time, an optimum train control algorithm ensuring train operation with a minimum of traction energy consumption is builded. It provides the standard how to operate the train for the traction simulation. In addition this paper builds the digital model of SS4 with the simulation software SIMPOWERSYSTEM based on MATLAB. Through of current with FFT function POWERGUI. Fundamental and harmonic current injected into the catenaries by the electric locomotive is deducted.
引文
[1] 马林，张进思．电力机车牵引运行过程仿真．铁道学报．1991．
[2] 李曙辉，张进思，李群湛．SS3型电力机车牵引运行仿真．铁道学报．1993(3)．
[3] 邹立平．电气化铁道多列列车牵引负荷谐波过程动态仿真分析．西南交通大学研究生论文．
[4] 程家兴．长途列车节能操纵的建模．系统仿真学报．1999，11(4)：286-288．
[5] 赵中旺，金德银．对铁路最佳节能纵断面形式的研究．石家庄铁道学院学报．1999，12(1)：82-85．
[6] Cheng J. and Howlett P G. A note on the calculation of optimal strategies for the minimization of fuel consumption in the control of trains[J]. IEEE Trains. on Automatic Control, 38(11): 1730—1734, 1993.
[7] Jiexing Cheng .Analysis of Optimal Driving Stragies for Train Control Problems, University of south Australia, 1997.
[8] 肖建．节省列车牵引能耗的最优操纵策略．现代节能．1994，10(4)：25-29．
[9] 刘虎兴，范明．中国铁路列控系统现状及发展．铁道通信信号．2003，39(2)：1-4．
[10] 黄志平，康熊等．列车自动驾驶的仿真实现．铁道机车车辆．2001(6)：3-7．
[11] 李岳恒．列车控制中加速度参数的探讨．铁道机车车辆．1999(5)：13-15．
[12] 王娟，谢谦．牵引计算在地铁车辆中的应用．电力机车与城轨车辆．2003(6)：46-48．
[13] 毛保华，何天键．通用列车运行模拟软件系统研究．铁道学报．2000，22(1)：1-6．
[14] 丁勇，何天键，冯汝辉，刘海东，毛保华．SS4在电气化铁路列车运
行模拟中的应用．铁道学报．2003，25(4)：19-22．
[15] 韩奕，李建华，黄石柱，夏道止．ss4型电力机车的动态模型及随机谐波电流计算．电力系统及其自动化。2001(2)．
[16] 李群湛．电气化铁道并联补偿及其应用．中国铁道出版社．1993．
[17] 朱世麟，蒋影斐，邵丙衡．电牵引基础．中国铁道出版社，1990．
[18] 武福，王志伟 等．列车运行模拟系统建模与实现．兰州铁道学院学报．2002，21(3)：92-95．
[19] 饶忠．列车牵引计算[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，1996．
[20] 列车牵引规程解释．北京：中国铁道出版社，1985．
[21] 王峰，刘海东 等．列车节能运行的算法及实施技术研究．北方交通大学学报．2002，26(5)：13-18．
[22] Phil Howlett. Existence of an Optimal straregy of the contro] a train. South Sustralian Institute of Technology, School of Mathematics, Report, 1998, (3ss).
[23] 马林．列车运行过程仿真及其操纵优化．西南交通大学研究生论文．
[24] 李曙辉，张进思．电力机车牵引运行动态过程仿真及其分析．铁道学报．1994(6)
[25] 张有松，朱龙驹．韶山4型电力机车．北京：中国铁道出版社，1998．
[26] 冯翰湘，陈克安．电力传动内燃机车牵引计算方法探讨．内燃机车．1990(8)：16-22．
[27] 董海鹰，薛钧义 等．列车运行过程的多Agent集成探讨．控制与决策．2002，17(2)：203-206，28．
[28] 武福，王志伟 等．列车运行仿真系统软件设计．机械研究与应用．2002，15(4)：29-30．
[29] 刘贺文，赵海东 等．列车运行自动控制(ATO)算法的研究．中国铁道科学．2000，21(4)：38-43．
[30] 燕飞，唐涛．实时操作系统及其在列车运行控制系统中的应用分析．北方交通大学学报．2002，26(6)：69-74．
[31] 刘海东，陈绍宽 等．具有固定运行时分的列车运行控制系统研究．北方交通大学学报．2002，26(5)：24-27．
[32] 黄铸．节能的列车司机辅助控制系统．国外机车车辆工艺．2002(4)：30-30．
[33] 韩长虎，梁绍敏 等．列车节能运行两个论断之探讨．内燃机车．2002(4)：16-19．
[34] 李立新，罗晓峥，沈祥林．地铁电动车组交流牵引计算与仿真分析．机车电传动．2003(3)：30-34．
[35] Benj．BR孙彤．长大列车的节能操纵．国外内燃机车．1991(6)：32-36．
[36] 穆建成，程荫杭．高安全高可靠的列车运行自动控制车载系统．控制工程 (沈阳)．2003，10(4)：366-368，384．
[37] Benjamin B R. Long A M. Milroy I P. and Pudney P J. Control of a suburban railway vehicle for energy conserbation[A].IEA National Control Conference, 1986
[38] Asnis I A Dmitruk A.V. and Osmolovskii N.P.Solution of the problem of energetically optimal control the motion of a train by a maximum principle[J] .U.S.S.R. Comput. Maths. Phys., 25(26): 37—44, 1985,
[39] Milroy IP. Aspect of automatic train control [D]. Louthborough Unicersitu, 1980.
[40] K H Knoft, E Schnieder. Optimale trajektorein im Spurgebundenen Schnellberkehr(Optimal trajedtories of rapid transit system). Regelunfstechnik, 29. Jabrang, 1981.
[41] 赵中旺．列车节能运行的计算机模拟．石家庄铁道学院学报．1992，5(3)：1-6．
[42] 马林．列车运行过程仿真及其操纵优化．西南交通大学研究生论文．
[44] Howlett P G. and Cheng J. Optimal driving strategies for a train on a track with continuously varying gradient[J].J Austral．Math．Soc．Ser．B．(38)：388—410．1997.
[45] 朱金陵 何鸿云．列车牵引计算及操纵示意图软件．内燃机车．2000(4)：5-9．
[45] Nowlett P G．Optimal strategies for the control of a train [J]．Automatica，32[4]：519—532．1996.
[46] 马大炜，周忠良．列车牵引计算规程的制动电算．中国铁路．1999(1)：27-30．
[47] 金炜东，靳蕃．列车优化操纵速度模式曲线生成的智能计算研究．铁道学报．1998，20(5)：47-52．
[48] 金炜东，王自力．列车节能操纵优化方法研究．铁道学报．1997，19(6)：58-62．
[49] 王自力．列车节能运行优操纵的研究．西南交通大学学报．1994，29(3)：275-280．
[50] 张波，马大炜．中高速列车共线运行的仿真研究．中国铁道科学．2003，24(3)：119-124．
[51] 程家兴．列车节能操纵中最成优方案的算法．微机发展．1999，9(2)：1-4．
[52] Gordon, S.P. Lehrer, D.G. Coordinated train control and energy management control strategies. Railroad Conference, 1998. 165-176.
[53] Lockyear, M. J. The application of a transmission based moving block automatic train control system on Docklands Light Railway. Developments in Mass Transit Systems, 1998. International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 453): 51-61
[54] van Loon, J. The use of dynamic process models for operator training. Operator Training Simulators, IEE Colloquium on. 6/1-6/3.
[55] Okapuu-vonVeh, A. Marceau,. R.J. Malowany, A. Desbiens, P. Daigle, A. Garant, E. Gauthier, R. Shaikh, A. Rizzi, J.C. Design and operation of a virtual reality operator-training system. Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on. 1585-1591.
[56] Seong Ho Han, Yun Sub Byen, Jong Hyen Baek, Tae Ki An Su Gil Lee, Hyun Jun Park. An optimal automatic train operation (ATO) control using genetic algorithms (GA). TENCON 99. Proceedings of the IEEE Region 10 Conference. 360-362
[57] Chang, C.S. Sim, S.S. Optimising train movements through coast control using genetic algorithms. Electric Power Applications, IEE Proceedings. 65-73
[58] C.S. Chang. T.T. Chan. S.L. Ho.K.K. Lee. AI application snd solution techniques for AC-railway-system control and simulation. IEEE PROCEEDINGS-B, Vol. 140, No. 3, MAY 1993
[2] 李曙辉，张进思，李群湛．SS3型电力机车牵引运行仿真．铁道学报．1993(3)．
[3] 邹立平．电气化铁道多列列车牵引负荷谐波过程动态仿真分析．西南交通大学研究生论文．
[4] 程家兴．长途列车节能操纵的建模．系统仿真学报．1999，11(4)：286-288．
[5] 赵中旺，金德银．对铁路最佳节能纵断面形式的研究．石家庄铁道学院学报．1999，12(1)：82-85．
[6] Cheng J. and Howlett P G. A note on the calculation of optimal strategies for the minimization of fuel consumption in the control of trains[J]. IEEE Trains. on Automatic Control, 38(11): 1730—1734, 1993.
[7] Jiexing Cheng .Analysis of Optimal Driving Stragies for Train Control Problems, University of south Australia, 1997.
[8] 肖建．节省列车牵引能耗的最优操纵策略．现代节能．1994，10(4)：25-29．
[9] 刘虎兴，范明．中国铁路列控系统现状及发展．铁道通信信号．2003，39(2)：1-4．
[10] 黄志平，康熊等．列车自动驾驶的仿真实现．铁道机车车辆．2001(6)：3-7．
[11] 李岳恒．列车控制中加速度参数的探讨．铁道机车车辆．1999(5)：13-15．
[12] 王娟，谢谦．牵引计算在地铁车辆中的应用．电力机车与城轨车辆．2003(6)：46-48．
[13] 毛保华，何天键．通用列车运行模拟软件系统研究．铁道学报．2000，22(1)：1-6．
[14] 丁勇，何天键，冯汝辉，刘海东，毛保华．SS4在电气化铁路列车运
行模拟中的应用．铁道学报．2003，25(4)：19-22．
[15] 韩奕，李建华，黄石柱，夏道止．ss4型电力机车的动态模型及随机谐波电流计算．电力系统及其自动化。2001(2)．
[16] 李群湛．电气化铁道并联补偿及其应用．中国铁道出版社．1993．
[17] 朱世麟，蒋影斐，邵丙衡．电牵引基础．中国铁道出版社，1990．
[18] 武福，王志伟 等．列车运行模拟系统建模与实现．兰州铁道学院学报．2002，21(3)：92-95．
[19] 饶忠．列车牵引计算[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，1996．
[20] 列车牵引规程解释．北京：中国铁道出版社，1985．
[21] 王峰，刘海东 等．列车节能运行的算法及实施技术研究．北方交通大学学报．2002，26(5)：13-18．
[22] Phil Howlett. Existence of an Optimal straregy of the contro] a train. South Sustralian Institute of Technology, School of Mathematics, Report, 1998, (3ss).
[23] 马林．列车运行过程仿真及其操纵优化．西南交通大学研究生论文．
[24] 李曙辉，张进思．电力机车牵引运行动态过程仿真及其分析．铁道学报．1994(6)
[25] 张有松，朱龙驹．韶山4型电力机车．北京：中国铁道出版社，1998．
[26] 冯翰湘，陈克安．电力传动内燃机车牵引计算方法探讨．内燃机车．1990(8)：16-22．
[27] 董海鹰，薛钧义 等．列车运行过程的多Agent集成探讨．控制与决策．2002，17(2)：203-206，28．
[28] 武福，王志伟 等．列车运行仿真系统软件设计．机械研究与应用．2002，15(4)：29-30．
[29] 刘贺文，赵海东 等．列车运行自动控制(ATO)算法的研究．中国铁道科学．2000，21(4)：38-43．
[30] 燕飞，唐涛．实时操作系统及其在列车运行控制系统中的应用分析．北方交通大学学报．2002，26(6)：69-74．
[31] 刘海东，陈绍宽 等．具有固定运行时分的列车运行控制系统研究．北方交通大学学报．2002，26(5)：24-27．
[32] 黄铸．节能的列车司机辅助控制系统．国外机车车辆工艺．2002(4)：30-30．
[33] 韩长虎，梁绍敏 等．列车节能运行两个论断之探讨．内燃机车．2002(4)：16-19．
[34] 李立新，罗晓峥，沈祥林．地铁电动车组交流牵引计算与仿真分析．机车电传动．2003(3)：30-34．
[35] Benj．BR孙彤．长大列车的节能操纵．国外内燃机车．1991(6)：32-36．
[36] 穆建成，程荫杭．高安全高可靠的列车运行自动控制车载系统．控制工程 (沈阳)．2003，10(4)：366-368，384．
[37] Benjamin B R. Long A M. Milroy I P. and Pudney P J. Control of a suburban railway vehicle for energy conserbation[A].IEA National Control Conference, 1986
[38] Asnis I A Dmitruk A.V. and Osmolovskii N.P.Solution of the problem of energetically optimal control the motion of a train by a maximum principle[J] .U.S.S.R. Comput. Maths. Phys., 25(26): 37—44, 1985,
[39] Milroy IP. Aspect of automatic train control [D]. Louthborough Unicersitu, 1980.
[40] K H Knoft, E Schnieder. Optimale trajektorein im Spurgebundenen Schnellberkehr(Optimal trajedtories of rapid transit system). Regelunfstechnik, 29. Jabrang, 1981.
[41] 赵中旺．列车节能运行的计算机模拟．石家庄铁道学院学报．1992，5(3)：1-6．
[42] 马林．列车运行过程仿真及其操纵优化．西南交通大学研究生论文．
[44] Howlett P G. and Cheng J. Optimal driving strategies for a train on a track with continuously varying gradient[J].J Austral．Math．Soc．Ser．B．(38)：388—410．1997.
[45] 朱金陵 何鸿云．列车牵引计算及操纵示意图软件．内燃机车．2000(4)：5-9．
[45] Nowlett P G．Optimal strategies for the control of a train [J]．Automatica，32[4]：519—532．1996.
[46] 马大炜，周忠良．列车牵引计算规程的制动电算．中国铁路．1999(1)：27-30．
[47] 金炜东，靳蕃．列车优化操纵速度模式曲线生成的智能计算研究．铁道学报．1998，20(5)：47-52．
[48] 金炜东，王自力．列车节能操纵优化方法研究．铁道学报．1997，19(6)：58-62．
[49] 王自力．列车节能运行优操纵的研究．西南交通大学学报．1994，29(3)：275-280．
[50] 张波，马大炜．中高速列车共线运行的仿真研究．中国铁道科学．2003，24(3)：119-124．
[51] 程家兴．列车节能操纵中最成优方案的算法．微机发展．1999，9(2)：1-4．
[52] Gordon, S.P. Lehrer, D.G. Coordinated train control and energy management control strategies. Railroad Conference, 1998. 165-176.
[53] Lockyear, M. J. The application of a transmission based moving block automatic train control system on Docklands Light Railway. Developments in Mass Transit Systems, 1998. International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 453): 51-61
[54] van Loon, J. The use of dynamic process models for operator training. Operator Training Simulators, IEE Colloquium on. 6/1-6/3.
[55] Okapuu-vonVeh, A. Marceau,. R.J. Malowany, A. Desbiens, P. Daigle, A. Garant, E. Gauthier, R. Shaikh, A. Rizzi, J.C. Design and operation of a virtual reality operator-training system. Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on. 1585-1591.
[56] Seong Ho Han, Yun Sub Byen, Jong Hyen Baek, Tae Ki An Su Gil Lee, Hyun Jun Park. An optimal automatic train operation (ATO) control using genetic algorithms (GA). TENCON 99. Proceedings of the IEEE Region 10 Conference. 360-362
[57] Chang, C.S. Sim, S.S. Optimising train movements through coast control using genetic algorithms. Electric Power Applications, IEE Proceedings. 65-73
[58] C.S. Chang. T.T. Chan. S.L. Ho.K.K. Lee. AI application snd solution techniques for AC-railway-system control and simulation. IEEE PROCEEDINGS-B, Vol. 140, No. 3, MAY 1993