计算机联锁软件模拟自动测试系统的研究与实现
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摘要
随着电子技术和计算机技术以及可靠性和容错理论和技术的迅速提高和发展，计算机联锁系统逐渐取代电气集中联锁系统成为今后车站联锁系统的主要发展方向。因计算机联锁系统是一个实时安全控制和防护系统，所以要求系统具有较高的可靠性、安全性(满足铁路信号系统的故障-安全原则)。联锁软件作为计算机联锁系统中的安全性关键软件，影响到整个系统的可靠性和安全性。因此确保计算机联锁软件出厂测试的质量是保证计算机联锁系统性能的重要一环。
很长时间以来，在车站信号联锁工程中，系统测试都采用人工测试方法。这种方法由于本身存在的缺陷，与计算机联锁技术发展水平越来越不相适应。为了适应计算机联锁系统的发展需要，我们成功开发了一套微机联锁软件模拟自动测试系统。利用这套系统可以进行联锁软件自动测试。采用自动测试代替人工测试能够做到联锁试验的规范化、程序化、简单化，从而提高工作效率、缩短试验时间，并能消除因联锁试验失误带来的事故隐患。
本文对联锁软件自动测试系统进行了阐述，并对其各个组成部分进行了详尽的介绍。
首先，对联锁软件自动测试系统从硬件结构和软件功能模块划分的角度进行阐述，并说明系统所能测试的联锁软件功能。
其次，讨论了微机联锁系统的联锁数据及数据结构，并阐述采用站场型数据结构运用进路搜索法实现联锁表的自动生成。
再次，分析车站信号现场系统，对系统进行建模、并阐述了仿真系统算法及策略，同时说明了仿真软件功能设计。
最后，阐述测试事例的生成和调度，提出用谓词逻辑来描述测试事例生成规则，并采用不考虑联锁软件的编码结构、语句和路径等内部状态，而只考虑联锁软件的输入与输出是否符合要求来构造测试事例，并从软件设计的角度就事例的自动生成及控制进行了讨论。
实践表明，计算机联锁软件模拟自动测试系统，对发现联锁软件缺陷，特别是发现涉及安全性的缺陷，提高联锁软件可靠性和安全性有重要作用。并且它可以大规模的提高测试效率，减少测试工作量；具有可重复性，可精确的再现以前的
测试步骤，有利于进行回归测试;可以降低人为的操作失误和对测试人员的技术
要求，减少测试成本。
With the rapid development of Electronic engineering and Computer technology and Fault-tolerant technique, Computer Interlocking System becomes the orientation of Station Interlocking System. Since Computer Interlocking System is a real-time and safety-critical system, it should have high reliability and safety (be satisfied with Fail-safety criterion in railway signaling system) quality. As safety-critical software, Interlocking software affects the reliability and safety of the whole system. So we should ensure the pre-delivery test quality of the Interlocking software.
For a long time, Manual-test is used in Station signal interlocking system. Manual-test is not suitable for the development of the Computer Interlocking technique Because of its defect. In order to be up to the evolution demand of Computer Interlocking System, we successfully exploit a set of Automatic Testing Simulation System of Computer Interlocking Software. We can test the interlocking software automatically by this system. This system makes the test procedure standardization, simplification, thus improve the efficiency, reduce the trial time, and eliminate accident threat caused by misplay.
The paper illustrates the Automatic Testing Simulation System of Computer Interlocking Software, and elaborates all the parts of the system.
Firstly, it states the hardware and software structure of the system, and specifies what functions the system can test.
Secondly, it develops the interlocking data and data structure, it
also bring forward the route-searching method based on the geographical data structure to realize the automatic creation of Interlocking table.
Thirdly, it analyzes and modeling the Station signal field system, and specifies the arithmetic and strategy of the simulation system and the design of the simulation software.
Finally, the paper illustrates the creation and dispatcher' s control of the testing example, it put forward a way to describe the creation of the testing example using predication logic. In this way, it only takes the input and output of Interlocking software into account. The paper also discusses the automatic creation and control of the testing example in the point of software design.
According to the practice, the system plays an important role in discovering defect of interlocking software. It improves the test efficiency, reduces the test workload, and is in favor of carrying out regression test, it cuts down the test cost by reducing the man-made operating misplay and the low technique demand for testing personnel.
很长时间以来，在车站信号联锁工程中，系统测试都采用人工测试方法。这种方法由于本身存在的缺陷，与计算机联锁技术发展水平越来越不相适应。为了适应计算机联锁系统的发展需要，我们成功开发了一套微机联锁软件模拟自动测试系统。利用这套系统可以进行联锁软件自动测试。采用自动测试代替人工测试能够做到联锁试验的规范化、程序化、简单化，从而提高工作效率、缩短试验时间，并能消除因联锁试验失误带来的事故隐患。
本文对联锁软件自动测试系统进行了阐述，并对其各个组成部分进行了详尽的介绍。
首先，对联锁软件自动测试系统从硬件结构和软件功能模块划分的角度进行阐述，并说明系统所能测试的联锁软件功能。
其次，讨论了微机联锁系统的联锁数据及数据结构，并阐述采用站场型数据结构运用进路搜索法实现联锁表的自动生成。
再次，分析车站信号现场系统，对系统进行建模、并阐述了仿真系统算法及策略，同时说明了仿真软件功能设计。
最后，阐述测试事例的生成和调度，提出用谓词逻辑来描述测试事例生成规则，并采用不考虑联锁软件的编码结构、语句和路径等内部状态，而只考虑联锁软件的输入与输出是否符合要求来构造测试事例，并从软件设计的角度就事例的自动生成及控制进行了讨论。
实践表明，计算机联锁软件模拟自动测试系统，对发现联锁软件缺陷，特别是发现涉及安全性的缺陷，提高联锁软件可靠性和安全性有重要作用。并且它可以大规模的提高测试效率，减少测试工作量；具有可重复性，可精确的再现以前的
测试步骤，有利于进行回归测试;可以降低人为的操作失误和对测试人员的技术
要求，减少测试成本。
With the rapid development of Electronic engineering and Computer technology and Fault-tolerant technique, Computer Interlocking System becomes the orientation of Station Interlocking System. Since Computer Interlocking System is a real-time and safety-critical system, it should have high reliability and safety (be satisfied with Fail-safety criterion in railway signaling system) quality. As safety-critical software, Interlocking software affects the reliability and safety of the whole system. So we should ensure the pre-delivery test quality of the Interlocking software.
For a long time, Manual-test is used in Station signal interlocking system. Manual-test is not suitable for the development of the Computer Interlocking technique Because of its defect. In order to be up to the evolution demand of Computer Interlocking System, we successfully exploit a set of Automatic Testing Simulation System of Computer Interlocking Software. We can test the interlocking software automatically by this system. This system makes the test procedure standardization, simplification, thus improve the efficiency, reduce the trial time, and eliminate accident threat caused by misplay.
The paper illustrates the Automatic Testing Simulation System of Computer Interlocking Software, and elaborates all the parts of the system.
Firstly, it states the hardware and software structure of the system, and specifies what functions the system can test.
Secondly, it develops the interlocking data and data structure, it
also bring forward the route-searching method based on the geographical data structure to realize the automatic creation of Interlocking table.
Thirdly, it analyzes and modeling the Station signal field system, and specifies the arithmetic and strategy of the simulation system and the design of the simulation software.
Finally, the paper illustrates the creation and dispatcher' s control of the testing example, it put forward a way to describe the creation of the testing example using predication logic. In this way, it only takes the input and output of Interlocking software into account. The paper also discusses the automatic creation and control of the testing example in the point of software design.
According to the practice, the system plays an important role in discovering defect of interlocking software. It improves the test efficiency, reduces the test workload, and is in favor of carrying out regression test, it cuts down the test cost by reducing the man-made operating misplay and the low technique demand for testing personnel.
引文
1 何文卿，6502电气集中电路[M]，中国铁道出版社，1984北京
2 赵志熙，微机联锁系统技术[M]，中国铁道出版社，1995北京
3 赵志熙，计算机联锁系统技术[M]，中国铁道出版社，1999北京
4 杨扬，联锁软件的形式化集成定义及安全性分析[论文]，2002．7
5 吴芳美，计算机联锁软件测试评估，铁路计算机应用[J]，vol．28，1，1998
6 燕永田，微机联锁控制系统的可靠性与安全性保障技术，铁道通信信号[J]，vol．33，4，1997
7 Mark Fewster & Dorothy Graham，软件测试自动化技术与实例详解[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2000。
8 赵晖，王刚，软件自动测试方法浅谈雷达与对抗[J]，1997，第3期
9 黄辉先，城市交通信号优化控制方法的研究[论文]，西北工业大学。
10 孙文涛，VXI总线虚拟仪器在自动测试中的应用[论文]，中国科学院研究生院 长春光学精密器械与物理与研究所，2002，4
2 赵志熙，微机联锁系统技术[M]，中国铁道出版社，1995北京
3 赵志熙，计算机联锁系统技术[M]，中国铁道出版社，1999北京
4 杨扬，联锁软件的形式化集成定义及安全性分析[论文]，2002．7
5 吴芳美，计算机联锁软件测试评估，铁路计算机应用[J]，vol．28，1，1998
6 燕永田，微机联锁控制系统的可靠性与安全性保障技术，铁道通信信号[J]，vol．33，4，1997
7 Mark Fewster & Dorothy Graham，软件测试自动化技术与实例详解[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2000。
8 赵晖，王刚，软件自动测试方法浅谈雷达与对抗[J]，1997，第3期
9 黄辉先，城市交通信号优化控制方法的研究[论文]，西北工业大学。
10 孙文涛，VXI总线虚拟仪器在自动测试中的应用[论文]，中国科学院研究生院 长春光学精密器械与物理与研究所，2002，4