库岸滑坡涌浪对坝体影响研究
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摘要
水库库岸滑坡是指由于水库蓄建,库岸岸坡在库水浸泡、风浪冲击、水流侵蚀、水位涨落以及地震等因素影响下,产生的库岸坍(崩)塌、滑移等再造变形的不良地质现象。库岸滑坡不仅会堵塞河道、减小库容,而且激起的涌浪也会对大坝及其下游地区的安全带来不利影响。目前,国内外已发生多起重大库岸滑坡灾害的实例,每起库岸滑坡灾害事件带来的危害和影响都十分严重。在我国,库岸滑坡已成为水利水电工程建设的心腹之患,已建的正式蓄水的水库大多数都存在着程度不同、表现形式各异的不同类型库岸滑坡现象或隐患。针对已建、在建和待建的水库工程中普遍存在的库岸滑坡现象,开展相关的研究工作十分必要。本文在总结前人研究经验和成果的基础上,以乐昌峡水利枢纽工程为研究对象,采用理论分析、模型试验等手段,研究水库建成蓄水后鹅公带古滑坡体的稳定性,并对该滑坡体滑动后产生的涌浪及其对大坝的影响进行了分析。主要成果包括:
(1)分析研究鹅公带古滑坡体滑带土的抗剪强度参数及该滑坡体在各种运行工况下的稳定性,探讨具有软弱滑动面的古滑坡体的稳定分析方法。
(2)基于层次分析法,构造了鹅公带古滑坡体高速滑坡危险度评价指标并分析各指标的权重,在此基础上对其高速滑坡危险度进行评价,为库岸高速滑坡的判定提供了一条新思路。
(3)在潘家铮的滑速垂直条分算法基础上,提出了改进计算公式,并针对鹅公带古滑坡体采用两种算法进行了滑坡加速度、滑坡速度和滑距的计算比较。
(4)采用常用的滑坡涌浪经验估算方法对鹅公带古滑坡体滑坡涌浪进行分析计算,并构建1:150的大比尺物理模型研究滑坡体滑速、水位与涌浪的关系,通过模型试验成果与经验估算成果的对比分析,提出滑坡涌浪计算时应考虑体积涌浪和水流漫坝影响。
(5)通过物理模型试验测试了鹅公带滑坡涌浪在乐昌峡水库大坝前的涌浪压力,提出了涌浪压力计算模型,并利用该计算模型对大坝在涌浪作用下的安全性进行分析评估。
(6)分析总结库岸滑坡的防治原则、思路和方法,研究比较了鹅公带古滑坡体的抗滑桩加固方案和填土反压加固方案。
Reservoir bank landslide refers to the ill geological phenomena of reconstruction deformation such as collapse and slippage in reservoir banks under the influence of the reservoir water immersion,storm impact,flow erosion,water level fluctuation and earthquake,which caused by reservoir construction and storage. Not only does the bank landslide block the channel,decrease storage capacity,but also brings adverse effect to the safety of the dam and its downstream region when the waves rise. At present,there have been many examples of great bank landslide hazards at home and abroad,each of which has brought severe endanger and harmful influence. Bank landslide has become a critical problem of hydropower project construction. Different types of bank landslide phenomena or hidden danger exist in most of the formal water storage reservoirs,so aiming at the universal existence of bank landslide in various reservoir projects,it’s very necessary to develop relevant researching work. On the basis of summarizing predecessors’experiences and achievements,taking Lechangxia hydro-junction project for researching object,this paper studies on the stability of Egongdai ancient landslide and analyzes the influence of wave surge produced by landslide on the dam. The main achievements include:
(1)Analyzing the slip soil shear strength parameters of Egongdai ancient landslide and its stability in various running conditions. Discussing the method of investigating the stability of the ancient landslide with soft sliding surface.
(2)Producing the risk degree of Egongdai high-speed landslide and analyzing each degree weighting by using analytic hierarchy process,on basis of which,evaluating the risk degree and providing a new thinking.
(3)Putting forward calculation formula improvement and comparing two algorithms calculating landslide acceleration, landslide speed and slip distance aiming at Egongdai ancient landslide on the basis of landslide speed vertical slice techniques raised by Pan Jiazheng.
(4)Analyzing and calculating the Egongdai ancient landslide surge by using common landslide surge empirical estimate-method;Constructing 1:150 large scale physical models to research the relation that between the landslide speed and wave surge and that between the water level and wave surge;Raising the influence of volume surge and dam overtopping while calculating the landslide surge through comparative analysis of model test and empirical estimating results.
(5)Testing the surge pressure of Egongdai landslide surge in front of the Lechangxia reservoir dam,raising surge pressure calculating model. Evaluating the dam security under the surge effect through the surge pressure calculating model.
(6)Analyzing and summarizing bank landslide preventive and controlling principle,thought and method. Comparing reinforcement scheme of Egongdai ancient landslide between anti-slide pile and filling earth counter pressure.
(1)分析研究鹅公带古滑坡体滑带土的抗剪强度参数及该滑坡体在各种运行工况下的稳定性,探讨具有软弱滑动面的古滑坡体的稳定分析方法。
(2)基于层次分析法,构造了鹅公带古滑坡体高速滑坡危险度评价指标并分析各指标的权重,在此基础上对其高速滑坡危险度进行评价,为库岸高速滑坡的判定提供了一条新思路。
(3)在潘家铮的滑速垂直条分算法基础上,提出了改进计算公式,并针对鹅公带古滑坡体采用两种算法进行了滑坡加速度、滑坡速度和滑距的计算比较。
(4)采用常用的滑坡涌浪经验估算方法对鹅公带古滑坡体滑坡涌浪进行分析计算,并构建1:150的大比尺物理模型研究滑坡体滑速、水位与涌浪的关系,通过模型试验成果与经验估算成果的对比分析,提出滑坡涌浪计算时应考虑体积涌浪和水流漫坝影响。
(5)通过物理模型试验测试了鹅公带滑坡涌浪在乐昌峡水库大坝前的涌浪压力,提出了涌浪压力计算模型,并利用该计算模型对大坝在涌浪作用下的安全性进行分析评估。
(6)分析总结库岸滑坡的防治原则、思路和方法,研究比较了鹅公带古滑坡体的抗滑桩加固方案和填土反压加固方案。
Reservoir bank landslide refers to the ill geological phenomena of reconstruction deformation such as collapse and slippage in reservoir banks under the influence of the reservoir water immersion,storm impact,flow erosion,water level fluctuation and earthquake,which caused by reservoir construction and storage. Not only does the bank landslide block the channel,decrease storage capacity,but also brings adverse effect to the safety of the dam and its downstream region when the waves rise. At present,there have been many examples of great bank landslide hazards at home and abroad,each of which has brought severe endanger and harmful influence. Bank landslide has become a critical problem of hydropower project construction. Different types of bank landslide phenomena or hidden danger exist in most of the formal water storage reservoirs,so aiming at the universal existence of bank landslide in various reservoir projects,it’s very necessary to develop relevant researching work. On the basis of summarizing predecessors’experiences and achievements,taking Lechangxia hydro-junction project for researching object,this paper studies on the stability of Egongdai ancient landslide and analyzes the influence of wave surge produced by landslide on the dam. The main achievements include:
(1)Analyzing the slip soil shear strength parameters of Egongdai ancient landslide and its stability in various running conditions. Discussing the method of investigating the stability of the ancient landslide with soft sliding surface.
(2)Producing the risk degree of Egongdai high-speed landslide and analyzing each degree weighting by using analytic hierarchy process,on basis of which,evaluating the risk degree and providing a new thinking.
(3)Putting forward calculation formula improvement and comparing two algorithms calculating landslide acceleration, landslide speed and slip distance aiming at Egongdai ancient landslide on the basis of landslide speed vertical slice techniques raised by Pan Jiazheng.
(4)Analyzing and calculating the Egongdai ancient landslide surge by using common landslide surge empirical estimate-method;Constructing 1:150 large scale physical models to research the relation that between the landslide speed and wave surge and that between the water level and wave surge;Raising the influence of volume surge and dam overtopping while calculating the landslide surge through comparative analysis of model test and empirical estimating results.
(5)Testing the surge pressure of Egongdai landslide surge in front of the Lechangxia reservoir dam,raising surge pressure calculating model. Evaluating the dam security under the surge effect through the surge pressure calculating model.
(6)Analyzing and summarizing bank landslide preventive and controlling principle,thought and method. Comparing reinforcement scheme of Egongdai ancient landslide between anti-slide pile and filling earth counter pressure.
引文
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