可量测航空影像连续立体模型构建技术与应用研究
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摘要
在摄影测量数百年的发展历程中,先后经历了模拟摄影测量、解析摄影测量和数字摄影测量三个发展阶段,但基于人造立体视觉的“立体模型”一直是摄影测量学的重要支柱。在模拟与解析摄影测量时代,“立体模型”都是基于原始胶片的。进入数字摄影测量时代,“核线数字立体影像对”的概念给“立体模型”赋予了很多新特性,也带来了新的发展契机。但到目前为止,面对这种新变化,现阶段的“立体模型”主要是利用计算机对传统的像对模型进行了空间“模拟”,其相关的理论和应用研究相对滞后。
本文结合“立体模型”在数字摄影测量阶段的新特性及其电子信息技术的新发展,推广了核线立体影像对的概念,通过构建一种无需DEM/DSM数据支持的区域立体连续模型,突破了传统立体模型只能局限在单一立体像对范围内的局限,实现了大范围的连续立体观测。为了客观评价连续立体模型的构建效果,本文从立体视觉效果与坐标反算精度两个层面对其精度进行了定性与定量分析。为了拓宽其应用范围,使摄影测量突破空间信息学科的局限,广泛的深入到其它领域,本文深入研究了基于连续立体模型的解译技术。主要包括基于连续立体模型的点位坐标、空间距离、地形坡度、区域面积、规则与不规则实体体积的量测,剖面自动提取,各种样式的点、线、面、文字注记等立体符号的标注等。同时,这些立体解译技术也适用于单独像对立体模型。
Photogrammetry has developed for hundreds of years, which has gone through three periods as analogue photogrammetry, analytical photogrammetry and digital photogrammetry. But, the "stereo model" has been an important pillar of photogrammetry. In the period of simulation and analytical photogrammetry, "stereo model" is based on the original film. Into the period of digital photogrammetry, the concept of "digital epipolar image pairs" gives a lot of new features to it, and it also brings a new opportunity for development. But so far, facing this new change, "stereo model" in this stage is mainly a simulation to traditional one, the relevant theoretical and applied research is lagging behind.
After analyse the new features of“stereo model”in digital photogrammetry and the new development of electronic information technology nowadays, the concept of "digital epipolar image pairs" is extended in this paper. By constructing a regional stereo model with original aerial imagery set(needless for DEM / DSM data), a wide range of continuous stereo observation was achieved. This regional stereo model break through the traditional model can only be limited to a single stereo pair. In order to evaluate its performance, stereo visual effects and coordinates calculate precision is used to test it. In order to broaden its application range, a series of interpretation techniques are researched based on it, which Including measurement of three-dimensional point coordinates, distance, terrain slope, regional area, regular and irregular spatial object volume; automatic extraction of profile; stereo label of various styles of point, line, surface, text notes and other three-dimensional symbols, and so on. At the same time, these stereo interpretation techniques are also applicable to traditional individual stereo model.
本文结合“立体模型”在数字摄影测量阶段的新特性及其电子信息技术的新发展,推广了核线立体影像对的概念,通过构建一种无需DEM/DSM数据支持的区域立体连续模型,突破了传统立体模型只能局限在单一立体像对范围内的局限,实现了大范围的连续立体观测。为了客观评价连续立体模型的构建效果,本文从立体视觉效果与坐标反算精度两个层面对其精度进行了定性与定量分析。为了拓宽其应用范围,使摄影测量突破空间信息学科的局限,广泛的深入到其它领域,本文深入研究了基于连续立体模型的解译技术。主要包括基于连续立体模型的点位坐标、空间距离、地形坡度、区域面积、规则与不规则实体体积的量测,剖面自动提取,各种样式的点、线、面、文字注记等立体符号的标注等。同时,这些立体解译技术也适用于单独像对立体模型。
Photogrammetry has developed for hundreds of years, which has gone through three periods as analogue photogrammetry, analytical photogrammetry and digital photogrammetry. But, the "stereo model" has been an important pillar of photogrammetry. In the period of simulation and analytical photogrammetry, "stereo model" is based on the original film. Into the period of digital photogrammetry, the concept of "digital epipolar image pairs" gives a lot of new features to it, and it also brings a new opportunity for development. But so far, facing this new change, "stereo model" in this stage is mainly a simulation to traditional one, the relevant theoretical and applied research is lagging behind.
After analyse the new features of“stereo model”in digital photogrammetry and the new development of electronic information technology nowadays, the concept of "digital epipolar image pairs" is extended in this paper. By constructing a regional stereo model with original aerial imagery set(needless for DEM / DSM data), a wide range of continuous stereo observation was achieved. This regional stereo model break through the traditional model can only be limited to a single stereo pair. In order to evaluate its performance, stereo visual effects and coordinates calculate precision is used to test it. In order to broaden its application range, a series of interpretation techniques are researched based on it, which Including measurement of three-dimensional point coordinates, distance, terrain slope, regional area, regular and irregular spatial object volume; automatic extraction of profile; stereo label of various styles of point, line, surface, text notes and other three-dimensional symbols, and so on. At the same time, these stereo interpretation techniques are also applicable to traditional individual stereo model.
引文
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[2]王之卓.摄影测量原理[M].北京:测绘出版社,1979.
[3]张祖勋,张剑清.数字摄影测量学[M].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1996.
[4]张剑清,潘励,王树根.摄影测量学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2002.
[5]谷千束.先进显示器技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[6]孙家抦.遥感原理与应用[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.
[7]张宏,温永宁,刘爱利,等.地理信息系统算法基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[8]王密.无缝影像数据库系统(GeoImageDB)的研制与可量测虚拟现实(MVR)的可行性研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2001.
[9]潘俊.立体正射影像无缝镶嵌技术研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005.
[10]丁辉,付梦印.立体显示技术最新进展[J].电视技术,2006,(8):36-38.
[11]穆良柱,张海君.立体影像显示原理及其技术发展[J].物理实验,2008,28(1):10-13.
[12]李华光,陈鹰.基于数字纠正的核线影像生成方法[J].山东建筑工程学院学报,2004,19(4):45-47.
[13]包化宇.观看立体影像引起的视觉疲劳与改进措施[D].北京:北京邮电大学,2009.
[14]刘运周.观看立体图像时视觉疲劳的研究及改进措施[D].北京:北京邮电大学,2010.
[15]喻涓.46例视疲劳原因分析.中国校医,2008(2):79-80.
[16]左志权,张祖勋,张剑清,曹辉. DSM辅助下城区大比例尺正射影像镶嵌线智能检测[J].测绘学报,2011,40(1):84-89.
[17]易尧华,龚健雅,秦前清.大型影像数据库中的色调调整方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版)2003.28(3):311-314.
[18]蒋红成.多幅遥感图像自动裁剪镶嵌与色彩均衡研究[D].北京:中国科学研究院遥感应用研究所,2004.
[19]刘晓龙.基于影像匹配接边纠正的数字正射影像的镶嵌技术[J] .遥感学报,2001,2(5):104-109.
[20]张剑清,孙明伟,张祖勋.基于蚁群算法的正射影像镶嵌线自动选择[J] .武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2009,34( 6 ):675-678.
[21]杨红喆.基于特征点的全景图生成技术的研究[D].广西:广西大学,2008.
[22]吴阳.全景图拼接技术研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2005.
[23]李庆忠,耿晓玲,王冰.大视场视频全景图快速生成方法[ J] .计算机工程,2009,35( 22):170-172.
[24]余粉香,王光霞,万刚.大数据量遥感影像的快速调度与显示[J] .海洋测绘,2006,26(2):27-30.
[25]李德仁,王密.一种基于航空影像的高精度可量测无缝正射影像立体模型生成方法及应用[J].铁道勘察,2004,(1):23-25.
[26]邵永社,肖国超.利用SPOT影像制作立体正射影像图的研究[J].解放军测绘学院报. 1994, 11(2): 108-110.
[27]李虎保,舒硕果.遥感数字影像立体生成研究[J].科技信息.2007,(8): 35-35.
[28]艾海滨.分布式无缝测图系统的研究与实现[D].武汉:武汉大学,2009.
[29]谢东海,詹总谦,江万寿.改进Harris算子用于点特征的精确定位[J].测绘信息工程,2003,28(2):23-25.
[30]张迁,等.基于SUSAN算法的航空影像的自动配准[J] .测绘学报, 2003,32(3):245-250.
[31]张春森.基于点特征匹配的SUSAN,Harris算子比较[J].西安科技大学学报,2007,27(4):608-611.
[32]吕海霞.自动图像配准技术研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2007.
[33]武晓波,王世新,肖春生.Delaunay三角网的生成算法研究[J].测绘学报,1999,28(1).
[34]刘永和,王润怀,齐永安.一种非凸包边界约束不规则三角网生成算法[J].测绘科学,2008,33(3).
[35]吴立新,史文中.地理信息系统原理与算法[M].科学出版社,2001.
[36]邓曙光,刘刚,邹帆.约束数据域Delaunay算法详述及进展[J].沈阳航空工业学院学报, 2005,22(5):79-81.
[37]刘建新,卢新明,岳昊.简单多边形快速Delaunay三角剖分算法[J].计算机技术与发展,2006,16(7) :126-185.
[38]刘立娜,徐云,贾进东.边界为简单多边形的离散点Delaunay三角剖分及可视化研究[J].测绘科学,2005, 30 (3) : 86-87.
[39]曾薇,孟祥旭,杨承磊.平面多边形域的快速约束Delaunay三角化[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2005,17 (9):1933-1939.
[40]刘永和,王艳萍,齐永安.一种简单快速的Delaunay三角网逐块生成算法[J].测绘科学,2008,33(6).
[41]王永会,李玉梅,宋晓宇.一种高阶Delaunay三角网生成算法[J].测绘科学,2009,33(4).
[42]韦文杰,周振红,彭记水等.一种改进的Delaunay三角网生成算法[J].气象与环境科学,2008,31(2).
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