多参数自供电水质监测无线传感器网络节点的关键技术研究
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摘要
论文针对大面积湖泊养殖水域的水质监测,应用无线传感器网络监测系统实时,可大面积布置的监测特点,研究并完成了多参数和可持续实时自供电无线传感器网络节点的主要关键技术。
无线传感器网络监测系统节点分为传感器监测节点和网关节点,论文对两个节点进行硬件设计以及接口驱动设计,并对接口驱动进行仿真测试,结果表明接口驱动芯片可以正常工作,数据可以实时接收与转换；
采用混沌检测强噪声下微弱信号的算法,研究提出用新的双混沌振子之间相互约束来检测噪声中的弱信号,并对新的检测方法进行了仿真验证与分析,新的算法抗噪声性能更加好,而且能够估计信号频率,提高了节点在恶劣环境下监测微弱水质信号的性能；
研究新的光伏电源代替干电池成为无线传感器网络监测系统传感器监测节点的电源,并对所设计的电源进行了仿真分析以及PCB板的制作。新的光伏电源能够输出稳定的节点所需电压,可以使传感器节点在大面积水域中长时间稳定工作,增强了节点的实用性；
研究用新的风光互补电源代替大的干电池或蓄电池用于相对较大能耗的网关节点,对新电源进行了设计与仿真分析。风光互补电源使网关节点在大面积的外部环境中自行供电,提高了自动化检测的效率与节点作用的范围,减少了人为作用成本。
综上所述：应用以上关键技术,能够实现水质监测无线传感器网络节点的多参数弱信号监测和自供电工作,实时性好,可以长期稳定工作,适合应用于大面积水域监测。
For the application of water quality monitoring in large lake aquaculture area,and the application of wireless sensor network monitoring system for real-time and large area layout monitoring features,the paper studied and completed key technologies of multi-parameters and sustainable real-time wireless sensor network nodes.
Designed sensor monitoring nodes and gateway nodes for the wireless network, and designed the hardware and interface driven for the two nodes. Then, make the simulation test about the interface-driven. The results show that the driven chip can work properly and the data can be real-time reception and conversion.
Detected weak signal in strong noise background based on chaotic algorithm, and put forward a new method to detect weak signal with dual mutual-constraint chaotic oscillator, and the method is validated by simulation and analysis, which shows that the anti-noise performance ability of the new algorithm is better, and can estimate the signal frequency, improve the node capability of monitoring weak water quality signal in harsh environment.
Study of new solar power instead of dry battery for monitoring sensor node power in wireless sensor network monitoring system, and simulated and analyzed the designed power and make the PCB board. New solar power can supply a stable voltage that required, and can make the sensor nodes steady worked in large area of water for a long time, which enhance the practicability of nodes.
Study of new scenery complementary power supply instead of the dry battery or accumulator for gateway node with large energy consumption, designed and simulated the new power. Scenery complementary power supply to the gateway node in a large area of the external environment of power, improving the automation testing efficiency and node action range, reduces the artificial cost.
According to the above, with these key technologies, we can achieve water quality through monitoring multi-parameters weak signal of wireless sensor network nodes and self power supply, which is suitable for water monitoring in large area.
无线传感器网络监测系统节点分为传感器监测节点和网关节点,论文对两个节点进行硬件设计以及接口驱动设计,并对接口驱动进行仿真测试,结果表明接口驱动芯片可以正常工作,数据可以实时接收与转换；
采用混沌检测强噪声下微弱信号的算法,研究提出用新的双混沌振子之间相互约束来检测噪声中的弱信号,并对新的检测方法进行了仿真验证与分析,新的算法抗噪声性能更加好,而且能够估计信号频率,提高了节点在恶劣环境下监测微弱水质信号的性能；
研究新的光伏电源代替干电池成为无线传感器网络监测系统传感器监测节点的电源,并对所设计的电源进行了仿真分析以及PCB板的制作。新的光伏电源能够输出稳定的节点所需电压,可以使传感器节点在大面积水域中长时间稳定工作,增强了节点的实用性；
研究用新的风光互补电源代替大的干电池或蓄电池用于相对较大能耗的网关节点,对新电源进行了设计与仿真分析。风光互补电源使网关节点在大面积的外部环境中自行供电,提高了自动化检测的效率与节点作用的范围,减少了人为作用成本。
综上所述：应用以上关键技术,能够实现水质监测无线传感器网络节点的多参数弱信号监测和自供电工作,实时性好,可以长期稳定工作,适合应用于大面积水域监测。
For the application of water quality monitoring in large lake aquaculture area,and the application of wireless sensor network monitoring system for real-time and large area layout monitoring features,the paper studied and completed key technologies of multi-parameters and sustainable real-time wireless sensor network nodes.
Designed sensor monitoring nodes and gateway nodes for the wireless network, and designed the hardware and interface driven for the two nodes. Then, make the simulation test about the interface-driven. The results show that the driven chip can work properly and the data can be real-time reception and conversion.
Detected weak signal in strong noise background based on chaotic algorithm, and put forward a new method to detect weak signal with dual mutual-constraint chaotic oscillator, and the method is validated by simulation and analysis, which shows that the anti-noise performance ability of the new algorithm is better, and can estimate the signal frequency, improve the node capability of monitoring weak water quality signal in harsh environment.
Study of new solar power instead of dry battery for monitoring sensor node power in wireless sensor network monitoring system, and simulated and analyzed the designed power and make the PCB board. New solar power can supply a stable voltage that required, and can make the sensor nodes steady worked in large area of water for a long time, which enhance the practicability of nodes.
Study of new scenery complementary power supply instead of the dry battery or accumulator for gateway node with large energy consumption, designed and simulated the new power. Scenery complementary power supply to the gateway node in a large area of the external environment of power, improving the automation testing efficiency and node action range, reduces the artificial cost.
According to the above, with these key technologies, we can achieve water quality through monitoring multi-parameters weak signal of wireless sensor network nodes and self power supply, which is suitable for water monitoring in large area.
引文
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[3]赵静,宋刚,周驰岷,魏杰.无线传感器网络水质监测系统的研究与应用[J].通讯技术,2008,41(4)：124-126.
[4]Adam Czubak, Jakub Wojtanowski. On Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks[M].Springer Berlin/Heidelberg,2009,(64):2-6.
[5]Cullar D,Estrin D,Strvastava. Overview of Sensor Network Computer[M]. IEEE Computer Society Press Los Alamitos, CA, USA,2004,8(37):41-49.
[6]辛朝军,姚静波.无线传感器网络技术的军事应用[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2010,6：12-15.
[7]周应宾.基于ARM与Linux的无线传感器网络节点的设计与实现[D].成都：西南交通大学.2009.
[8]CHRISTOPHER W, MARCO C, JAN R. Measurement of biologically available naphthalene in gas and aqueous phases by use of a Pseudomonas putida biosensor[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(1):45-51.
[9]Pro, J.D.Roen, M.E. Characteristic impedance and signal loss measurements of head-to-preamplifier interconnects[J].Magnetics,IEEE Transactions on. 2006,2(42):261-265.
[10]Mustafa Altun,Hakan Kuntmana. Design of a fully differential current mode operational amplifier with improved input-output impedances and its filter applications[J].AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications.2008,3(62):239-244.
[11]陈莉.基于ZigBee协议的环境监测无线传感网络测量节点的设计[D].上海：上海交通大学.2008.
[12]Dimitrios Lymberopoulos, Quentin Lindsey, Andreas Savvides. An Empirical Characterization of Radio Signal Strength Variability in 3-D IEEE 802.15.4 Networks Using Monopole Antennas [J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2008,(3868):326-341.
[13]陈积明,林瑞仲,孙优贤.无线传感器网络通信体系研究[J].传感技术学报,2006,4(19)：1290-1295.
[14]F. Zabin,S. Misra,I. Woungang,H.F. Rashvand,N.-W.Ma,M. Ahsan Ali. REEP: data-centric, energy-efficient and reliable routing protocol for wireless sensor networks[J]. Vir. J. Nan. Sci. & Tech,2006,9(18):123-128.
[15]Junghyon Jun, Young June Choi, Saewoong Bahk. Analysis of a robust and energy efficient transmission scheduling protocol in single-hop ad hoc networks[J]. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing,2010,2(10):257-269.
[16]涂巧玲.一种可执行功耗管理的无线传感器网络节点电源[J].测控技术,2008,10(28)：8-10.
[17]李帅,刘宏立,刘述钢.基于ZigBee的无线传感网络节点能耗性能分析[J].科技导报,2009,27(13)：64-66.
[18]R A Ponce,A Kumar,J Luis. A network of sellsorbased framework rflr automated visual smweillance[J]. JournaI of Net workArnt Computer Applications,2007,30(3):1244-1271.
[19]Ping Song,Jize Li, Kejie li,Li Su. Researching on Optimal Distribution of Mobile Nodes in W irelessSensor Networks being Deployed Randomly[C].2008 International Conference on Computer Science and InformationTechnology.2008:322-326.
[20]周亮,李广军.无线传感器网络节点低功耗MCU设计与实现[J].计算机技术与应用,2007,9：126-129.
[21]何科爽,马正华.无线传感器网络在环境监测中的应用[J].环境监测管理与技术,2009,2(21)：60-62.
[22]罗东云,蔡苗苗,李丽霞.鄱阳湖水质检测的无线传感网络设计[J].电子技术应用,2009,10(6)：(47-52).
[23]Rabia Koklu.Bulent Sengorur.Bayram Topal. Water Quality Assessment Using Multivariate Statistical Methods—A Case Study: Melen River System (Turkey)[J]. Water Resources Management.2010,5(24):959-978.
[24]Goel S K, Marinissen E J. Optimization of on-chip design-for-test infrastructure for maximal multi-site test throughput. Computers and Digital Techniques,2005,152(3):442-456.
[25]Ciardiello T.Wireless communications for industrial control and monitoring. Computing&ControlEngineeringJournal,2005,4(16):12-13.
[26]程春荣,毛祥根,武利珍.基于ZigBee技术的水质监测系统[J].电子器件,2009,5(32)：942-945.
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