近距离低功耗无线振动传感器网络设计与实现
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摘要
随着近距离无线通信技术的成熟，无线传感器网络技术得到了快速发展，可广泛应用于国防军事、交通管理、环境监测、医疗卫生等领域，具有十分广泛的应用前景。在航天领域振动信号监测一直是工程测试中必不可少的一部分，针对传统有线测试方法在振动信号探测方面的不足，本文设计了一种近距离低功耗无线振动传感器网络。
论文首先深入研究了无线传感器网络技术的基础理论，叙述了无线振动传感器网络设计方法、思路及原则，提出了系统设计的方案和各项指标。在此基础上，围绕振动传感器VS9100.D和无线传输芯片CC1110设计了振动传感器节点和基站的硬件电路，并在设计的过程中采取了必要的措施来提高振动传感器的精度以及系统的抗干扰能力。
其次对系统所涉及到的无线通信技术进行了分析和讨论，并对所用到的天线进行了设计。根据系统设计的要求和特点选择了低功耗RF网络协议-SimpliciTI，在SimpliciTI协议和硬件组装的支持下成功实现了对振动传感器节点和基站的通信控制，并基于LabWindows/CVI设计了数据中心控制软件。最后对无线振动传感器网络的性能进行了测试和评估。
测试结果表明，本文所设计的近距离低功耗无线振动传感器网络具有通信距离较远、功耗低、精度高等特点，实现了对振动信号的分布式无线探测。
With the maturity of short-range wireless communication technology, the technology ofwireless sensor network has been rapid developed .It can be widely used in national defenseand military, environmental monitoring, health care, traffic management fields with the broadapplication prospects .Vibration signal monitoring has been an essential part of theengineering test in Aerospace field, this paper presents a design of low-power wirelessvibration sensor network in short-range against the shortage of traditional cable test methodsin the detection of vibration signal.
Firstly, thoroughly studied the basic theory of the wireless sensor network technology,put forward its design methods, ideas and principles, and then presents the programs andindicators of the system design, on this basis, designed the hardware circuit of vibrationsensor nodes and base station around vibration sensor VS9100.D and the wirelesstransmission chip-CC1110,and has taken necessary measures to improve the accuracy of thevibration sensor and anti-jamming capability in the design process.
Next, analysed and discussed the wireless communication technology in the system, thendesigned the used antenna. Selected low-power RF network protocol-SimpliciTI according tothe system design requirements and characteristics, and achieved the communication controlof the vibration sensor nodes and base stations in the support of SimpliciTI protocol andhardware assembly, and designed data center control software based on LabWindows/CVI. Atlast tested and evaluated the performance of the wireless vibration sensor networks.
The test results show that this design features the long communication distance, lowpower consumption and high accuracy, achieved a distributed wireless detection of vibrationsignals.
论文首先深入研究了无线传感器网络技术的基础理论，叙述了无线振动传感器网络设计方法、思路及原则，提出了系统设计的方案和各项指标。在此基础上，围绕振动传感器VS9100.D和无线传输芯片CC1110设计了振动传感器节点和基站的硬件电路，并在设计的过程中采取了必要的措施来提高振动传感器的精度以及系统的抗干扰能力。
其次对系统所涉及到的无线通信技术进行了分析和讨论，并对所用到的天线进行了设计。根据系统设计的要求和特点选择了低功耗RF网络协议-SimpliciTI，在SimpliciTI协议和硬件组装的支持下成功实现了对振动传感器节点和基站的通信控制，并基于LabWindows/CVI设计了数据中心控制软件。最后对无线振动传感器网络的性能进行了测试和评估。
测试结果表明，本文所设计的近距离低功耗无线振动传感器网络具有通信距离较远、功耗低、精度高等特点，实现了对振动信号的分布式无线探测。
With the maturity of short-range wireless communication technology, the technology ofwireless sensor network has been rapid developed .It can be widely used in national defenseand military, environmental monitoring, health care, traffic management fields with the broadapplication prospects .Vibration signal monitoring has been an essential part of theengineering test in Aerospace field, this paper presents a design of low-power wirelessvibration sensor network in short-range against the shortage of traditional cable test methodsin the detection of vibration signal.
Firstly, thoroughly studied the basic theory of the wireless sensor network technology,put forward its design methods, ideas and principles, and then presents the programs andindicators of the system design, on this basis, designed the hardware circuit of vibrationsensor nodes and base station around vibration sensor VS9100.D and the wirelesstransmission chip-CC1110,and has taken necessary measures to improve the accuracy of thevibration sensor and anti-jamming capability in the design process.
Next, analysed and discussed the wireless communication technology in the system, thendesigned the used antenna. Selected low-power RF network protocol-SimpliciTI according tothe system design requirements and characteristics, and achieved the communication controlof the vibration sensor nodes and base stations in the support of SimpliciTI protocol andhardware assembly, and designed data center control software based on LabWindows/CVI. Atlast tested and evaluated the performance of the wireless vibration sensor networks.
The test results show that this design features the long communication distance, lowpower consumption and high accuracy, achieved a distributed wireless detection of vibrationsignals.
引文
[1]荚庆.无线传输系统中低噪声放大电路的设计.中北大学.2008
[2]曹平.一种基于蜂窝式结构的无线传感器网络路由算法.南京信息工程大学.2010
[3]王漫,何宁,裴俊,冯改玲,刘海涛.面向无线传感器网络应用的嵌入式操作系统综述.计算机应用与软件.2007.6:48~52
[4]梁强,韦彬贵,沈弘,基于传感器网络的柴油机活塞寿命监测研究.柳州师专学报.2011,26.3:124~127
[5]王辉永.负载均衡的传感器网络能量有效路由研究.西安电子科技大学.2008
[6] http://www.iotworld.com.cn/html/Library/201112/55339f1a88553b5b.shtml
[7]丁晋俊,李志刚.传感器网络在战场目标定位跟踪中的应用.电子对抗.2006.3:56~59
[8]余向阳.无线传感器网络研究缘述.单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2008.8
[9] Estrin D, Govindan R, Heidemann J, Kumar S. Next century challenges: Scalablecoordinate in sensor network. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE InternationalConference on Mobile Computing and Networking. Seattle: IEEE Computer Society,1999, 263~270.
[10]李建峰.基于能量均衡和区域重要程度的WSN节点配置算法研究.西北工业大学.2007
[11]刘宁.无线传感器网络热点的研究.电脑开发与应用.2011,24.9:1~3
[12] Sebastian Puthenpurayil,Ruirui Gu,Shuvra S Bhattacharyya.Energy-Aware DataCompression for Wireless Sensor Networks.Proceedings of the InternationalConference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing.2007,2:45-48
[13]李帅,刘宏立,刘述钢.基于ZigBee的无线传感网络节点能耗性能分析.科技导报.2009.13:66~68
[14]王娅.无线传感器网络路由协议设计原则.湖北第二师范学院学报.2009.2:94~96
[15]邵蒙晋.一种传感器网络移动节点的设计与实现.北京交通大学.2008
[16]李国民,董延杰.基于WinCE的桥梁检测系统接收终端的研究.自动化仪表.2011,32.1:87~90
[17] Noury N, Herve T, Rialle V, Virone G, Mercier E. Monitoring behavior in home using asmart fall sensor. In: Proceedings of the IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference onMicrotechnologies in Medicine and Biology. Lyon: IEEE Computer Society, 2000.607~610.
[18]李永刚.基于无线传感器网络的工厂数据监控系统设计.成都理工大学.2011
[19]揭志熹.基于Zigbee无线传感器网络的车辆定位方法.北京交通大学.2009
[20]李文仲,段朝玉. CC1110/CC2510无线单片机和无线自组织网络入门与实战.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008：160-161
[21]苑囡囡.ZigBee技术在智能家居中的应用.吉林工程技术师范学院学报.2009.3:71~73
[22] K．D．Wong．Physical layer considerations for wireless sensor networksnetworking．IEEE Int’l Conf．on Sensing and Control，Taipei，2004
[23]沈澍.基于ZigBee协议的无线传感器网络开发系统的研制.东南大学.2008
[24] Q．F．Jiang，D．Manivannan．Routing protocols for sensor networks．The 1st IEEEConsumer Communications and Networking Conf．Las Vegas NV.USA.2004
[25] http://earphone.it168.com/a2010/0401/868/000000868395.shtml
[26]孙燕.无线传感器网络管理与节点定位技术研究.西安电子科技大学.2010
[27] http://www.wsn.org.cn/upload/fck/lilunshupeitaoPPT/11.pdf
[28]俞黎阳,王能,张卫.异构无线传感器网络中异构节点的部署与优化.计算机科学.2008.9:52~55
[29]张艳凤. MEMS压阻式加速度传感器的研究.长春理工大学.2004
[30] http://www.qinpex.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/DS-VS9000D-CN.pdf
[31]王俊才.智能同步断路器的控制器的研究与设计.合肥工业大学.2006
[32]于治楼,杜光芹.高速PCB的地线布线设计.信息技术与信息化.2009.2:81~83
[33]冯丽娜.静电检测技术研究与应用.南京航空航天大学.2009
[34]肖坚,陆存乐.水资源实时监控系统中的无线数据通信技术.水利水电技术.2008.10:12~16
[35]魏玲,杨汇军.移动通信中电波传播损耗的预测模型.辽宁工学院学报.2003.2:29~30
[36]陈彪,刘辉.低电压微功率条件下远程无线通信的实现.电子制作.2005.7:43~44
[37] Akyildiz LF, Su WL, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E. A survey on sensor networks.IEEE Communications Magazine. 2002, 40(8):102~114.
[38]王振宇.集装箱码头无线通信系统的研究.武汉理工大学.2008
[39]宁辉.基于S2C44B0的无线数传系统应用研究.西南交通大学.2011
[40] Ananthram Swami, Qing Zhao, Yao-Win Hong, Lang Tong .Wireless Sensor Networks:Signal Processing and Communications. Wiley.2007.12
[41]夏达.微带帖片天线的仿真分析和优化.华中科技大学.2007
[42]牛帅.基于SimpliciTI的无线微电流神经刺激系统的研制.上海交通大学.2009
[43]杨斌.WSN先应式路由协议及其实验平台的设计与实现.电子科技大学.2009
[44]郭敏.无线传感器网络路由协议研究及仿真.三峡大学.2010
[45]宋继勐.无线小型自组织网络协议分析与实现.北京交通大学.2009
[46]白鹏,汤晓君，郭会军.基于LabWindows/CVI的虚拟仪器设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2003:13~19
[47]许杭斌.探析传感器的静态特性.科技与生活.2011.6:
[48]罗丹.飞机液压试验台数据采集与测控系统的设计与实现.南京航空航天大学.2010
[2]曹平.一种基于蜂窝式结构的无线传感器网络路由算法.南京信息工程大学.2010
[3]王漫,何宁,裴俊,冯改玲,刘海涛.面向无线传感器网络应用的嵌入式操作系统综述.计算机应用与软件.2007.6:48~52
[4]梁强,韦彬贵,沈弘,基于传感器网络的柴油机活塞寿命监测研究.柳州师专学报.2011,26.3:124~127
[5]王辉永.负载均衡的传感器网络能量有效路由研究.西安电子科技大学.2008
[6] http://www.iotworld.com.cn/html/Library/201112/55339f1a88553b5b.shtml
[7]丁晋俊,李志刚.传感器网络在战场目标定位跟踪中的应用.电子对抗.2006.3:56~59
[8]余向阳.无线传感器网络研究缘述.单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2008.8
[9] Estrin D, Govindan R, Heidemann J, Kumar S. Next century challenges: Scalablecoordinate in sensor network. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE InternationalConference on Mobile Computing and Networking. Seattle: IEEE Computer Society,1999, 263~270.
[10]李建峰.基于能量均衡和区域重要程度的WSN节点配置算法研究.西北工业大学.2007
[11]刘宁.无线传感器网络热点的研究.电脑开发与应用.2011,24.9:1~3
[12] Sebastian Puthenpurayil,Ruirui Gu,Shuvra S Bhattacharyya.Energy-Aware DataCompression for Wireless Sensor Networks.Proceedings of the InternationalConference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing.2007,2:45-48
[13]李帅,刘宏立,刘述钢.基于ZigBee的无线传感网络节点能耗性能分析.科技导报.2009.13:66~68
[14]王娅.无线传感器网络路由协议设计原则.湖北第二师范学院学报.2009.2:94~96
[15]邵蒙晋.一种传感器网络移动节点的设计与实现.北京交通大学.2008
[16]李国民,董延杰.基于WinCE的桥梁检测系统接收终端的研究.自动化仪表.2011,32.1:87~90
[17] Noury N, Herve T, Rialle V, Virone G, Mercier E. Monitoring behavior in home using asmart fall sensor. In: Proceedings of the IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference onMicrotechnologies in Medicine and Biology. Lyon: IEEE Computer Society, 2000.607~610.
[18]李永刚.基于无线传感器网络的工厂数据监控系统设计.成都理工大学.2011
[19]揭志熹.基于Zigbee无线传感器网络的车辆定位方法.北京交通大学.2009
[20]李文仲,段朝玉. CC1110/CC2510无线单片机和无线自组织网络入门与实战.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008：160-161
[21]苑囡囡.ZigBee技术在智能家居中的应用.吉林工程技术师范学院学报.2009.3:71~73
[22] K．D．Wong．Physical layer considerations for wireless sensor networksnetworking．IEEE Int’l Conf．on Sensing and Control，Taipei，2004
[23]沈澍.基于ZigBee协议的无线传感器网络开发系统的研制.东南大学.2008
[24] Q．F．Jiang，D．Manivannan．Routing protocols for sensor networks．The 1st IEEEConsumer Communications and Networking Conf．Las Vegas NV.USA.2004
[25] http://earphone.it168.com/a2010/0401/868/000000868395.shtml
[26]孙燕.无线传感器网络管理与节点定位技术研究.西安电子科技大学.2010
[27] http://www.wsn.org.cn/upload/fck/lilunshupeitaoPPT/11.pdf
[28]俞黎阳,王能,张卫.异构无线传感器网络中异构节点的部署与优化.计算机科学.2008.9:52~55
[29]张艳凤. MEMS压阻式加速度传感器的研究.长春理工大学.2004
[30] http://www.qinpex.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/DS-VS9000D-CN.pdf
[31]王俊才.智能同步断路器的控制器的研究与设计.合肥工业大学.2006
[32]于治楼,杜光芹.高速PCB的地线布线设计.信息技术与信息化.2009.2:81~83
[33]冯丽娜.静电检测技术研究与应用.南京航空航天大学.2009
[34]肖坚,陆存乐.水资源实时监控系统中的无线数据通信技术.水利水电技术.2008.10:12~16
[35]魏玲,杨汇军.移动通信中电波传播损耗的预测模型.辽宁工学院学报.2003.2:29~30
[36]陈彪,刘辉.低电压微功率条件下远程无线通信的实现.电子制作.2005.7:43~44
[37] Akyildiz LF, Su WL, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E. A survey on sensor networks.IEEE Communications Magazine. 2002, 40(8):102~114.
[38]王振宇.集装箱码头无线通信系统的研究.武汉理工大学.2008
[39]宁辉.基于S2C44B0的无线数传系统应用研究.西南交通大学.2011
[40] Ananthram Swami, Qing Zhao, Yao-Win Hong, Lang Tong .Wireless Sensor Networks:Signal Processing and Communications. Wiley.2007.12
[41]夏达.微带帖片天线的仿真分析和优化.华中科技大学.2007
[42]牛帅.基于SimpliciTI的无线微电流神经刺激系统的研制.上海交通大学.2009
[43]杨斌.WSN先应式路由协议及其实验平台的设计与实现.电子科技大学.2009
[44]郭敏.无线传感器网络路由协议研究及仿真.三峡大学.2010
[45]宋继勐.无线小型自组织网络协议分析与实现.北京交通大学.2009
[46]白鹏,汤晓君，郭会军.基于LabWindows/CVI的虚拟仪器设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2003:13~19
[47]许杭斌.探析传感器的静态特性.科技与生活.2011.6:
[48]罗丹.飞机液压试验台数据采集与测控系统的设计与实现.南京航空航天大学.2010