吉林省蚁科昆虫分类及分布研究
摘要
作者从2005年8月至2007年9月,在吉林全省30个县市及1个国家级自然保护区、2个省级自然保护区,对吉林省蚁科昆虫进行了系统的采集。共采集到蚂蚁标本5320号,制作酒精浸泡保本4500号。并编制了吉林省蚁科昆虫分类检索表。
对鉴定标本进行种类鉴定和区系分析后得到以下结果:
(1)共记录吉林省蚁科昆虫3亚科11属31种。其中猛蚁亚科Ponerinae占3.22%,切叶蚁亚科Myrmicinae占22.58%,蚁亚科Formicinae占74.19%。
(2)共记录吉林省新记录蚂蚁17种,名录如下:黄足厚结蚁P. Luteipes Mayr、小家蚁M. pharaonis L.、针毛收获蚁M. Aciculatus Forel、褐斑细胸蚁L. galeatus Wheeler、罗思尼氏斜结蚁P. rothneyi Forel、四斑弓背蚁C. quadrinotatus Forel、亮毛蚁L. fuliginosus Latreille、长凹头蚁F. longiceps Dlussky、阿尔泰凹头蚁F. Altayensis、亮腹黑褐蚁F. gagatoides Ruzsky、草地蚁F. pratensis Retzius、类干红蚁F. approximans Wheeler、多栉蚁F. polyctena Foerster、中华红林蚁F. sinensis Wheeler、红林蚁F. sinae Emery、掘穴蚁F. cunicularia Latreille、艾箭蚁C. Aenescens Nylander。
(3)依据吉林省地形特点,将其分成三个区域,即东部山区,中部丘陵,西部平原。在这三个区域中,东部山区蚁科昆虫种类为21种,占67.74%;中部丘陵为23种,占74.19%;西部平原26种,占83.87%。其中在三个区域均有分布的有18种,占58.06%。
(4)在吉林省调查的蚁科昆虫种类中,古北种26种,占全部种类的83.87%,东洋种为18种,占全部种类的58.06%,广布种为16种,占全部种类的51.61%。
In the reseach work, the author made a system collecting of the family of insects from August 2005 to November 2007. 1 national level, 2 provincial level of nature protection reservations and many villages and towns in forest regions were vistited. Totally, more than 5,320 ant specimens were collected over these sites during the period, and over 4,500 were soaked in ethyl alcoho. On the basis of these specimens, I conducted a careful morphological identification. The author made a key to species of Formicidae in Jilin based on worker major.
By morphological Identification and fauna analysis, the results are as follows:
(1)A total of 31 species, 3 subfamilies and 11 genera were recognized and described in the present these for the Formicidae fauna of Jilin. In the 3 subfamilies, Ponerinae is making up 3.22% of total species, Myrmicinae is making up 22.58% of total species, Formicinae is making up 74.19% of total species.
(2)17 species were recorded for the first time from Jilin, they are: P. Luteipes Mayr, M. pharaonis L., M. Aciculatus Forel, L. galeatus Wheeler, P. rothneyi Forel, C. quadrinotatus Forel, L. fuliginosus Latreille, F. longiceps Dlussky, F. Altayensis, F. gagatoides Ruzsky, F. pratensis Retzius, F. approximans Wheeler, F. polyctena Foerster, F. sinensis Wheeler, F. sinae Emery, F. cunicularia Latreille, C. Aenescens Nylander.
(3)In the faumistic analysis, based on the natural environment, the typical distribution characteristics of species, the administrative geographical region of Jilin Province was divided into 3 natural biogeographical regions for Formicidae fauna: the Eastern Mountain area, Central Hills area, Western Plains area. In this three areas, 21 species are in the Eastern Mountain, making up 67.74%; 23 species are in the Central Hills, making up 74.19%; 26 are in Western Plains, making up 83.87%. Among three areas, there are 18 species, making up 58.06%.
(4)Among the 31 species described, 26 occur only in Palaeartic Kingdom, making up 83.87%; 18 occur only in Oriental Kingdom, making up 58.06%; 16 occur both in Oriental and Palaeartic Kingdom, making up 51.61%.
对鉴定标本进行种类鉴定和区系分析后得到以下结果:
(1)共记录吉林省蚁科昆虫3亚科11属31种。其中猛蚁亚科Ponerinae占3.22%,切叶蚁亚科Myrmicinae占22.58%,蚁亚科Formicinae占74.19%。
(2)共记录吉林省新记录蚂蚁17种,名录如下:黄足厚结蚁P. Luteipes Mayr、小家蚁M. pharaonis L.、针毛收获蚁M. Aciculatus Forel、褐斑细胸蚁L. galeatus Wheeler、罗思尼氏斜结蚁P. rothneyi Forel、四斑弓背蚁C. quadrinotatus Forel、亮毛蚁L. fuliginosus Latreille、长凹头蚁F. longiceps Dlussky、阿尔泰凹头蚁F. Altayensis、亮腹黑褐蚁F. gagatoides Ruzsky、草地蚁F. pratensis Retzius、类干红蚁F. approximans Wheeler、多栉蚁F. polyctena Foerster、中华红林蚁F. sinensis Wheeler、红林蚁F. sinae Emery、掘穴蚁F. cunicularia Latreille、艾箭蚁C. Aenescens Nylander。
(3)依据吉林省地形特点,将其分成三个区域,即东部山区,中部丘陵,西部平原。在这三个区域中,东部山区蚁科昆虫种类为21种,占67.74%;中部丘陵为23种,占74.19%;西部平原26种,占83.87%。其中在三个区域均有分布的有18种,占58.06%。
(4)在吉林省调查的蚁科昆虫种类中,古北种26种,占全部种类的83.87%,东洋种为18种,占全部种类的58.06%,广布种为16种,占全部种类的51.61%。
In the reseach work, the author made a system collecting of the family of insects from August 2005 to November 2007. 1 national level, 2 provincial level of nature protection reservations and many villages and towns in forest regions were vistited. Totally, more than 5,320 ant specimens were collected over these sites during the period, and over 4,500 were soaked in ethyl alcoho. On the basis of these specimens, I conducted a careful morphological identification. The author made a key to species of Formicidae in Jilin based on worker major.
By morphological Identification and fauna analysis, the results are as follows:
(1)A total of 31 species, 3 subfamilies and 11 genera were recognized and described in the present these for the Formicidae fauna of Jilin. In the 3 subfamilies, Ponerinae is making up 3.22% of total species, Myrmicinae is making up 22.58% of total species, Formicinae is making up 74.19% of total species.
(2)17 species were recorded for the first time from Jilin, they are: P. Luteipes Mayr, M. pharaonis L., M. Aciculatus Forel, L. galeatus Wheeler, P. rothneyi Forel, C. quadrinotatus Forel, L. fuliginosus Latreille, F. longiceps Dlussky, F. Altayensis, F. gagatoides Ruzsky, F. pratensis Retzius, F. approximans Wheeler, F. polyctena Foerster, F. sinensis Wheeler, F. sinae Emery, F. cunicularia Latreille, C. Aenescens Nylander.
(3)In the faumistic analysis, based on the natural environment, the typical distribution characteristics of species, the administrative geographical region of Jilin Province was divided into 3 natural biogeographical regions for Formicidae fauna: the Eastern Mountain area, Central Hills area, Western Plains area. In this three areas, 21 species are in the Eastern Mountain, making up 67.74%; 23 species are in the Central Hills, making up 74.19%; 26 are in Western Plains, making up 83.87%. Among three areas, there are 18 species, making up 58.06%.
(4)Among the 31 species described, 26 occur only in Palaeartic Kingdom, making up 83.87%; 18 occur only in Oriental Kingdom, making up 58.06%; 16 occur both in Oriental and Palaeartic Kingdom, making up 51.61%.
引文
[1]吴 坚,王常禄.中国蚂蚁[M].北京:中国林业出版社.1995.1-214.
[2]唐 觉,李 参,黄恩友等[M].中国经济昆虫志膜翅目蚁科(一).北京:科学出版社.1995.1-134.
[3]周善义.广西蚂蚁[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社.2001.1-255.
[4]徐正会.西双版纳自然保护区蚁科昆虫生物多样性研究[M].昆明:云南科技出版社.2002.1-255.
[5]周善义,蒋国芳.蚁科(膜翅目)分类研究进展Ⅰ——世界蚁科分类研究进展[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版).1997,15(3):86-90.
[6]周善义,蒋国芳.蚁科(膜翅目)分类研究进展Ⅱ——中国蚁科分类研究进展[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版).1997,15(4):94-96.
[7]黄建华.湖南省蚁科昆虫(膜翅目)的区系和分类研究[D]:[博士学位论文].湖南:西南农业大学,2005.
[8]欧阳彤.新疆蚁科区系及药用蚂蚁资源的初步研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].新疆:新疆大学.2003.
[9]王利明.吉林省蚱类研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].吉林:东北师范大学生命科学学院,2004.
[10]齐艳红.长春市主要绿地类型土壤动物的生态地理特征研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].吉林:东北师范大学地理系,2005.
[11]徐正会.中国厚结猛蚁属记述[J].西南林学院学报.1998,18(4):211-220.
[12]黄建华,周善义.中国蚁科昆虫名录——切叶蚁亚科[J].广西师范大学学报:自然科学版.2006,24(3):87-94.
[13]周善义,潘扬莎.小家蚁属(膜翅目:蚁科:切叶蚁亚科)中国三新记录种记述[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版).2004,22(4):94-96.
[14]魏琮,周善义,刘铭汤.红蚁属一中国新记录种记述[J].昆虫分类学报.1999,21(1):60.
[15]长有德,贺达汉.中国西北地区红蚁属三新记录种[J].动物分类学报.26:256.
[16]Wei Cong,Zhou S Y,He Hong,et al.A Taxonomic study of the genus Myrmica Latreille from China(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica.2001,26 (4):560-564.
[17]周善义,蒋国芳.广西铺道蚁属昆虫研究(膜翅目:蚁科)[J].广西科学.1998,5(1):74-75.
[18]徐正会,陈志萍,胡刚.中国铺道蚁属无刺蚁属和冠胸蚁属5个新记录种[J].西南林学院学报.1998,18(4):236-240.
[19]长有德,贺达汉.中国西北地区细胸蚁属分类研究(膜翅目:蚁科:切叶蚁亚科)[J].宁夏农学院学报.2002,22(2):1-4.
[20]王维,陈耀兵.中国弓背蚁属一新种(膜翅目:蚁科)[J].华中农业大学学报.2003,22(6):541-543.
[21]长有德,贺达汉.甘肃省毛蚁属一新种记述(膜翅目:蚁科:蚁亚科)[J].昆虫分类学报.2002,24(3):203-205.
[22] 长有德,贺达汉.中国西北地区蚁属分类研究兼9新种和4新记录种记述(膜翅目:蚁科:蚁亚科)[J].动物学研究.2002,23(1):49-60.
[23] 夏永娟,郑哲民.新疆蚁属一新种记述(膜翅目:蚁科).湖北大学学报(自然科学版).1997,19(4):191-192.
[24] 长有德,贺达汉.中国西北地区箭蚁属三新种记述(膜翅目:蚁科:蚁亚科)[J].动物学研究.2002,23(1):61-64.
[25] 徐正会,曾光,柳太勇,等.西双版纳地区不同植被亚型蚁科昆虫群落研究[J].1999,20(2): 118-125.
[26] 周善义,蒋国芳.广西英罗港红树林区蚁科昆虫记述[J].广西科学.1997.4(1):72-73.
[27] 张玮,周善义.梧桐山蚂蚁分类研究[J].惠州学院学报(自然科学版).2006,26(6):47-50.
[28]杨俊伍,徐正会,梅象信,等.昆明西山东坡蚂蚁分类研究[J].西南林学院学报.2004.24(4):26-37.
[29]徐正会.西双版纳热带雨林蚁科昆虫区系分析[J].动物学研究.1999,20(5):379-384.
[30]吴卫,李晓梅,郭宏.乌鲁木齐及附近地区蚁科区系的初步调查[J].干旱区研究.2004,21(2):179-182.
[31]魏琮,贺虹,刘铭汤,等.太白山蚂蚁垂直分布的研究[J].林业科学.2001,37(13):83-91.
[32]王长华,吴宝琴,杨兴兰.齐齐哈尔蚂蚁的调查[J].高师理科学刊.1999.19(4):51-56.
[33]潘林.扎龙自然保护区土壤动物生态特征的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].吉林:东北师范大学生命科学学院.2006.
[34]贺虹,刘铭汤,魏琮.太白山蚂蚁及其生态分布的研究[J].西北林学院学报.2000,15(1):32-36.
[35]刘红,袁兴中.吉林省左家蚂蚁及生态分布[J].昆虫知识.1996.33(4):226-227.
[36]日本蚁科昆虫网:http://ant.edb.miyakyo-u.ac.jp/E/Index/name.html
[2]唐 觉,李 参,黄恩友等[M].中国经济昆虫志膜翅目蚁科(一).北京:科学出版社.1995.1-134.
[3]周善义.广西蚂蚁[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社.2001.1-255.
[4]徐正会.西双版纳自然保护区蚁科昆虫生物多样性研究[M].昆明:云南科技出版社.2002.1-255.
[5]周善义,蒋国芳.蚁科(膜翅目)分类研究进展Ⅰ——世界蚁科分类研究进展[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版).1997,15(3):86-90.
[6]周善义,蒋国芳.蚁科(膜翅目)分类研究进展Ⅱ——中国蚁科分类研究进展[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版).1997,15(4):94-96.
[7]黄建华.湖南省蚁科昆虫(膜翅目)的区系和分类研究[D]:[博士学位论文].湖南:西南农业大学,2005.
[8]欧阳彤.新疆蚁科区系及药用蚂蚁资源的初步研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].新疆:新疆大学.2003.
[9]王利明.吉林省蚱类研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].吉林:东北师范大学生命科学学院,2004.
[10]齐艳红.长春市主要绿地类型土壤动物的生态地理特征研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].吉林:东北师范大学地理系,2005.
[11]徐正会.中国厚结猛蚁属记述[J].西南林学院学报.1998,18(4):211-220.
[12]黄建华,周善义.中国蚁科昆虫名录——切叶蚁亚科[J].广西师范大学学报:自然科学版.2006,24(3):87-94.
[13]周善义,潘扬莎.小家蚁属(膜翅目:蚁科:切叶蚁亚科)中国三新记录种记述[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版).2004,22(4):94-96.
[14]魏琮,周善义,刘铭汤.红蚁属一中国新记录种记述[J].昆虫分类学报.1999,21(1):60.
[15]长有德,贺达汉.中国西北地区红蚁属三新记录种[J].动物分类学报.26:256.
[16]Wei Cong,Zhou S Y,He Hong,et al.A Taxonomic study of the genus Myrmica Latreille from China(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica.2001,26 (4):560-564.
[17]周善义,蒋国芳.广西铺道蚁属昆虫研究(膜翅目:蚁科)[J].广西科学.1998,5(1):74-75.
[18]徐正会,陈志萍,胡刚.中国铺道蚁属无刺蚁属和冠胸蚁属5个新记录种[J].西南林学院学报.1998,18(4):236-240.
[19]长有德,贺达汉.中国西北地区细胸蚁属分类研究(膜翅目:蚁科:切叶蚁亚科)[J].宁夏农学院学报.2002,22(2):1-4.
[20]王维,陈耀兵.中国弓背蚁属一新种(膜翅目:蚁科)[J].华中农业大学学报.2003,22(6):541-543.
[21]长有德,贺达汉.甘肃省毛蚁属一新种记述(膜翅目:蚁科:蚁亚科)[J].昆虫分类学报.2002,24(3):203-205.
[22] 长有德,贺达汉.中国西北地区蚁属分类研究兼9新种和4新记录种记述(膜翅目:蚁科:蚁亚科)[J].动物学研究.2002,23(1):49-60.
[23] 夏永娟,郑哲民.新疆蚁属一新种记述(膜翅目:蚁科).湖北大学学报(自然科学版).1997,19(4):191-192.
[24] 长有德,贺达汉.中国西北地区箭蚁属三新种记述(膜翅目:蚁科:蚁亚科)[J].动物学研究.2002,23(1):61-64.
[25] 徐正会,曾光,柳太勇,等.西双版纳地区不同植被亚型蚁科昆虫群落研究[J].1999,20(2): 118-125.
[26] 周善义,蒋国芳.广西英罗港红树林区蚁科昆虫记述[J].广西科学.1997.4(1):72-73.
[27] 张玮,周善义.梧桐山蚂蚁分类研究[J].惠州学院学报(自然科学版).2006,26(6):47-50.
[28]杨俊伍,徐正会,梅象信,等.昆明西山东坡蚂蚁分类研究[J].西南林学院学报.2004.24(4):26-37.
[29]徐正会.西双版纳热带雨林蚁科昆虫区系分析[J].动物学研究.1999,20(5):379-384.
[30]吴卫,李晓梅,郭宏.乌鲁木齐及附近地区蚁科区系的初步调查[J].干旱区研究.2004,21(2):179-182.
[31]魏琮,贺虹,刘铭汤,等.太白山蚂蚁垂直分布的研究[J].林业科学.2001,37(13):83-91.
[32]王长华,吴宝琴,杨兴兰.齐齐哈尔蚂蚁的调查[J].高师理科学刊.1999.19(4):51-56.
[33]潘林.扎龙自然保护区土壤动物生态特征的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].吉林:东北师范大学生命科学学院.2006.
[34]贺虹,刘铭汤,魏琮.太白山蚂蚁及其生态分布的研究[J].西北林学院学报.2000,15(1):32-36.
[35]刘红,袁兴中.吉林省左家蚂蚁及生态分布[J].昆虫知识.1996.33(4):226-227.
[36]日本蚁科昆虫网:http://ant.edb.miyakyo-u.ac.jp/E/Index/name.html