培智学校学生父母自我效能、教养方式、接纳态度和社会支持的现状及其关系研究
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摘要
特殊儿童父母自我效能影响着他们的教养方式,同时父母自我效能也受到多种因素的影响。本研究在对国内外有关文献综述的基础上,提出了对特殊儿童父母自我效能、教养方式、接纳态度和社会支持的关系研究。首先对所要研究的四个内容编制相应的问卷,确定各自的问卷维度。其次,采用所编制的问卷进行调查和个别访谈的方法,了解特殊儿童父母自我效能、教养方式、接纳态度和社会支持的现状。最后,采用路径模型,分析了父母自我效能的中介作用,并对父母自我效能、教养方式、接纳态度和社会支持之间的关系进行阐述。本研究对象是上海市十三所培智学校的学生父母,共895名。
整个研究分为3个部分,主要研究结果如下：
1、编制了特殊儿童父母自我效能、对残障儿童的接纳态度、社会支持和教养方式的问卷。
2、从总体来看,培智学校学生父母自我效能水平在中等以上水平,各维度得分从高分到低分依次为：日常生活料理、问题行为管理、学习指导和康复训练。
3、父母的年龄对其日常生活料理效能有影响；特殊儿童的年龄影响父母自我效能水平；脑瘫儿童父母自我效能水平最高,自闭症儿童父母自我效能水平最低；智障儿童和自闭症儿童的障碍程度越轻,父母自我效能水平就越高。
4、父母的年龄、接受教育程度和家庭月收入影响他们对残障孩子的接纳态度；双亲家庭的父母对残障孩子的接纳态度要高于单亲家庭：自闭症儿童父母会随着孩子的障碍程度加深而产生相对较低的接纳态度。
5、父母的年龄、家庭月收入决定着父母获得社会支持的整体水平；孩子的年龄影响父母获得或感知的学校支持和社会政府支持；自闭症儿童父母和其他障碍儿童父母所获得的社会支持较少。
6、培智学校学生父母大都选择了民主型教养方式(占76.3%)。
7、父母接纳态度在父母自我效能和教养方式间起着中介作用。
8、父母自我效能在父母社会支持和教养方式间起着中介作用。
9、在父母社会支持和教养方式间,不仅父母自我效能起着中介作用,而且接纳态度也起着中介作用。
Parents' self-efficacy of special children affects parents' parenting practices, and parental self-efficacy play is influenced by a variety of factors. Based on relevant literature review, this study puts forward the relationship between parents' self-efficacy of special children, parenting style, attitude toward the disabled children and social support. First, we need to determine their respective questionnaire dimension of the four questionnaires. Second, compiled using the questionnaire survey, we want to know the current situation of parents' self-efficacy with special children, parenting styles, attitudes and social support. Finally, using the path model, we analyzed the mediating role of parents' self-efficacy, and expounded the relationship between parents' self-efficacy of special children, parenting style, attitude toward the disabled children and social support. It was895objects from13special schools.
This study was divided into five parts. The major results were found as following:
1、The researchers compiled four questionnaires, they were parents' self-efficacy with special children, parenting styles, attitudes and social support questionnaire.
2、 Overall, parental self-efficacy level of special school children is above the medium level, the dimension scores from high to low in the order is, daily life, behavior management, learning management, and rehabilitation training.
3、 The age of the parents affected their daily life food efficiency; children's age affected parents' self-efficacy level. Parents' self-efficacy of cerebral palsy children's was the highest level, and parents' self-efficacy of autistic children's had the lowest level; the more intelligence disabled children and children with autism disorder were mild, the more parental self-efficacy had high level.
4、 Parents' age、education level and family income affected patents'attitude toward the disabled children; attitude in two-parent families parents of disabled children was higher than in single-parent families; parents of autistic children had low level of attitude with children disorder degree deepen.
5、Parents' age and family income affected their social support level; children's age affected parents' social support in school and society support; parents of children with autism and other disabilities had less social support.
6、Parents of special schools students mostly choose democratic parenting (76.3%).
7、 Parents' attitude toward the disabled children was mediated relation between parental self-efficacy and parenting style.
8、 Parental self-efficacy was mediated relation between social support and parenting style.
9、 Between social support and parenting style, parental self-efficacy played a mediating role, and parents' attitude toward the disabled children also played an intermediary role.
整个研究分为3个部分,主要研究结果如下：
1、编制了特殊儿童父母自我效能、对残障儿童的接纳态度、社会支持和教养方式的问卷。
2、从总体来看,培智学校学生父母自我效能水平在中等以上水平,各维度得分从高分到低分依次为：日常生活料理、问题行为管理、学习指导和康复训练。
3、父母的年龄对其日常生活料理效能有影响；特殊儿童的年龄影响父母自我效能水平；脑瘫儿童父母自我效能水平最高,自闭症儿童父母自我效能水平最低；智障儿童和自闭症儿童的障碍程度越轻,父母自我效能水平就越高。
4、父母的年龄、接受教育程度和家庭月收入影响他们对残障孩子的接纳态度；双亲家庭的父母对残障孩子的接纳态度要高于单亲家庭：自闭症儿童父母会随着孩子的障碍程度加深而产生相对较低的接纳态度。
5、父母的年龄、家庭月收入决定着父母获得社会支持的整体水平；孩子的年龄影响父母获得或感知的学校支持和社会政府支持；自闭症儿童父母和其他障碍儿童父母所获得的社会支持较少。
6、培智学校学生父母大都选择了民主型教养方式(占76.3%)。
7、父母接纳态度在父母自我效能和教养方式间起着中介作用。
8、父母自我效能在父母社会支持和教养方式间起着中介作用。
9、在父母社会支持和教养方式间,不仅父母自我效能起着中介作用,而且接纳态度也起着中介作用。
Parents' self-efficacy of special children affects parents' parenting practices, and parental self-efficacy play is influenced by a variety of factors. Based on relevant literature review, this study puts forward the relationship between parents' self-efficacy of special children, parenting style, attitude toward the disabled children and social support. First, we need to determine their respective questionnaire dimension of the four questionnaires. Second, compiled using the questionnaire survey, we want to know the current situation of parents' self-efficacy with special children, parenting styles, attitudes and social support. Finally, using the path model, we analyzed the mediating role of parents' self-efficacy, and expounded the relationship between parents' self-efficacy of special children, parenting style, attitude toward the disabled children and social support. It was895objects from13special schools.
This study was divided into five parts. The major results were found as following:
1、The researchers compiled four questionnaires, they were parents' self-efficacy with special children, parenting styles, attitudes and social support questionnaire.
2、 Overall, parental self-efficacy level of special school children is above the medium level, the dimension scores from high to low in the order is, daily life, behavior management, learning management, and rehabilitation training.
3、 The age of the parents affected their daily life food efficiency; children's age affected parents' self-efficacy level. Parents' self-efficacy of cerebral palsy children's was the highest level, and parents' self-efficacy of autistic children's had the lowest level; the more intelligence disabled children and children with autism disorder were mild, the more parental self-efficacy had high level.
4、 Parents' age、education level and family income affected patents'attitude toward the disabled children; attitude in two-parent families parents of disabled children was higher than in single-parent families; parents of autistic children had low level of attitude with children disorder degree deepen.
5、Parents' age and family income affected their social support level; children's age affected parents' social support in school and society support; parents of children with autism and other disabilities had less social support.
6、Parents of special schools students mostly choose democratic parenting (76.3%).
7、 Parents' attitude toward the disabled children was mediated relation between parental self-efficacy and parenting style.
8、 Parental self-efficacy was mediated relation between social support and parenting style.
9、 Between social support and parenting style, parental self-efficacy played a mediating role, and parents' attitude toward the disabled children also played an intermediary role.
引文
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黄晶晶,刘艳虹.(2006).特殊儿童家庭社会支持情况调查报告.中国特殊教育,70(4)：3-9
江琴娣.(2004).轻度智力落后学生心理健康水平与父母教养方式的关系.中国特殊教育,49(7)：38-41
李娟,张丽芳,李永在.(2002).父母教育方式、社会支持对盲童孤独感的影响.心理科学,25(4)：493-494
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李镇译,勾柏频.(2010).聋中学生心理健康状况与社会支持的调查研究.教育导刊,10：45-48
雷雳,张钦,侯志瑾.(2001).学习不良初中生的父母教养方式及其自我概念.心理科学,24(2)：242-243
林磊.(1994).幼儿家长教育方式的类型及其行为特点.心理发展与教育,4：43-47
刘春玲,杜晓新,姚健.(2000).普通小学教师对特殊儿童接纳态度的研究,中国特殊教 育,27(3)：34-36
刘金花.(1997).儿童发展心理学.华东师范大学出版社
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