利用生理生化方法及RAPD技术预测西瓜杂种优势
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摘要
本试验以9个西瓜杂交组合及18份西瓜亲本品种(系)为试验材料，利用西瓜杂交组合及其亲本生理生化指标的相关性分析，筛选出与西瓜杂种优势密切相关的生理生化指标，并用筛选出的指标对18份亲本材料进行优势潜力的预测，并通过RAPD标记验证生理生化指标预测的结果。本试验得出如下结论：
1本试验将“匀浆互补法”首次应用于西瓜杂交育种中。试验结果表明，西瓜幼苗匀浆互补与西瓜的杂种优势具有显著的相关性。在测定的生理生化指标中，筛选出可用于西瓜杂种优势预测的生理生化指标三个，即子叶叶绿素a含量、真叶叶绿素a／b值及真叶水溶性蛋白含量，通过杂种F_1和“室内F_1”的相关分析表明，“室内F_1”的三项生理指标可以代替杂种F_1的相应生理指标，用来进行西瓜杂种F_1优势潜力亲本的预测。
2根据亲本、杂种F_1与“室内F_1”三者的相关分析，总结制作出本试验通过西瓜亲本生理生化指标预测杂种优势过程的简图。确定了本试验用于预测西瓜优势亲本的“室内F_1”的阈值，它们分别是：
子叶叶绿素a含量(单位：毫克／克鲜重)：0.604～0.931
真叶叶绿素a／b比值：2.820～3.190
水溶性蛋白含量(单位：微克／克鲜重)：29356～36447
3利用筛选出的生理指标及其阈值对18份西瓜亲本材料进行后期预测，得出有后代杂交优势的组合81个，特别是符合三项指标的组合6个，分别为：2+6、2+7、2+11、2+13、5+9和13+20。
4用筛选出来的8个引物对西瓜18个亲本材料进行RAPD分析，共得到112条多态性谱带。以遗传距离0.38为阈值，经UPGMA聚类分析，将18份亲本材料聚为四类。
5经过RAPD标记验证，利用任意一个单指标进行预测，其中真叶水溶性蛋白含量的预测符合率最高，达81.81％；利用其中两项指标进行预测，子叶叶绿素a含量和真叶叶绿素a／b值预测符合率为72.73％；子叶叶绿素a含量和真叶水溶性蛋白含量、真叶叶绿素a／b值和真叶水溶性蛋白含量的预测符合率都为85.71％；利用“室内F_1”的子叶Chla含量、真叶叶绿素a／b值、真叶水溶性蛋白含量三项生理指标进行预测，其符合率能够达到100％。由此可知，筛选优势组合的标准越严格，则预测的准确率越高。
In this study 9 heterotic hybridized combinations of watermelon and 18 watermelon parents were used as experimental materials. We used the correlations between watermelon hybrids and their parents for selecting some physiological and biochemical indexes which could be related to watermelon heterosis. The selected physiological and biochemical indexes were used to predict heterosis potential of 18 watermelon parents, then RAPD marker was used to verify the predicted results. The main results were as follows:
Firstly, homogenized method was used for watermelon crossbreeding firstly. The results indicated that homogenized parental seedlings of watermelon had significant correlations with watermelon hybrid vigor. We selected three ones which could predict watermelon heterosis among many physiological and biochemical indexes. The three indexes were chorophyll a content of coyledon, the ratio of chorophyll a content and chrophyll b content of euphylla and soluble protein content of euphylla. According to the correlations among watermelon parents, hybrids and homogenized parents, we deemed the three indexes of homogenized parents could substitute for the three ones of watermelon hybrids and were used to predict watermelon heterosis.
Second, in accordance with the correlations among watermelon parents, hybrids and homogenized parents, we drew a diagram of the procedure for selecting physiological and biochemical indexes, and defined threshold values of three indexes. The threshold values were as follows:
Chorophyll a content of coyledon(unit:mg/g fruit weight): 0.604-0.931 The ratio of chorophyll a content and chrophyll b content of euphylla: 2.820-3.190 Soluble protein content of euphylla(unit:ug/g fruit weight): 29356-36447 Third, we used the three indexes and threshold values for predicting heterotic potential of 18 watermelons.81 combinations were found to be potential, specially 6 hybrid combinations were attained in the light of the three indexes which were selected. They were 2+6,2+7,2+11,2+13,5+9 and 13+20, respectively.
Forth, among 20 primers, 8 were found to amplify polymorphic products in this study. 112 of the total products were found to be polymorphic. The results of cluster analysis by using UPGMA method also showed that 18 watermelon parents were classified to four groups in accordance with genetic distance of 18 watermelon parents.
Fifth, the results which were verified by RAPD marker showed that soluble protein content of euphylla of the three indexes was accurate, the percentage of accuracy was 81.81 percent. We used the ratio of chorophyll a content and chrophyll b content of euphylla and soluble protein content of euphylla together for predict heterosis. 85.71 percent was accurate. If the three indexes were used together to predict watermelon, the percentage of accuracy was 100 percent. From those we known that the criterion of selecting procedure was more rigorous, the percentage of accuracy was higher.
Postgraduate: Xia Yan Specialty: Olericulture Supervisor: Vice-prof. Yu Xihong
1本试验将“匀浆互补法”首次应用于西瓜杂交育种中。试验结果表明，西瓜幼苗匀浆互补与西瓜的杂种优势具有显著的相关性。在测定的生理生化指标中，筛选出可用于西瓜杂种优势预测的生理生化指标三个，即子叶叶绿素a含量、真叶叶绿素a／b值及真叶水溶性蛋白含量，通过杂种F_1和“室内F_1”的相关分析表明，“室内F_1”的三项生理指标可以代替杂种F_1的相应生理指标，用来进行西瓜杂种F_1优势潜力亲本的预测。
2根据亲本、杂种F_1与“室内F_1”三者的相关分析，总结制作出本试验通过西瓜亲本生理生化指标预测杂种优势过程的简图。确定了本试验用于预测西瓜优势亲本的“室内F_1”的阈值，它们分别是：
子叶叶绿素a含量(单位：毫克／克鲜重)：0.604～0.931
真叶叶绿素a／b比值：2.820～3.190
水溶性蛋白含量(单位：微克／克鲜重)：29356～36447
3利用筛选出的生理指标及其阈值对18份西瓜亲本材料进行后期预测，得出有后代杂交优势的组合81个，特别是符合三项指标的组合6个，分别为：2+6、2+7、2+11、2+13、5+9和13+20。
4用筛选出来的8个引物对西瓜18个亲本材料进行RAPD分析，共得到112条多态性谱带。以遗传距离0.38为阈值，经UPGMA聚类分析，将18份亲本材料聚为四类。
5经过RAPD标记验证，利用任意一个单指标进行预测，其中真叶水溶性蛋白含量的预测符合率最高，达81.81％；利用其中两项指标进行预测，子叶叶绿素a含量和真叶叶绿素a／b值预测符合率为72.73％；子叶叶绿素a含量和真叶水溶性蛋白含量、真叶叶绿素a／b值和真叶水溶性蛋白含量的预测符合率都为85.71％；利用“室内F_1”的子叶Chla含量、真叶叶绿素a／b值、真叶水溶性蛋白含量三项生理指标进行预测，其符合率能够达到100％。由此可知，筛选优势组合的标准越严格，则预测的准确率越高。
In this study 9 heterotic hybridized combinations of watermelon and 18 watermelon parents were used as experimental materials. We used the correlations between watermelon hybrids and their parents for selecting some physiological and biochemical indexes which could be related to watermelon heterosis. The selected physiological and biochemical indexes were used to predict heterosis potential of 18 watermelon parents, then RAPD marker was used to verify the predicted results. The main results were as follows:
Firstly, homogenized method was used for watermelon crossbreeding firstly. The results indicated that homogenized parental seedlings of watermelon had significant correlations with watermelon hybrid vigor. We selected three ones which could predict watermelon heterosis among many physiological and biochemical indexes. The three indexes were chorophyll a content of coyledon, the ratio of chorophyll a content and chrophyll b content of euphylla and soluble protein content of euphylla. According to the correlations among watermelon parents, hybrids and homogenized parents, we deemed the three indexes of homogenized parents could substitute for the three ones of watermelon hybrids and were used to predict watermelon heterosis.
Second, in accordance with the correlations among watermelon parents, hybrids and homogenized parents, we drew a diagram of the procedure for selecting physiological and biochemical indexes, and defined threshold values of three indexes. The threshold values were as follows:
Chorophyll a content of coyledon(unit:mg/g fruit weight): 0.604-0.931 The ratio of chorophyll a content and chrophyll b content of euphylla: 2.820-3.190 Soluble protein content of euphylla(unit:ug/g fruit weight): 29356-36447 Third, we used the three indexes and threshold values for predicting heterotic potential of 18 watermelons.81 combinations were found to be potential, specially 6 hybrid combinations were attained in the light of the three indexes which were selected. They were 2+6,2+7,2+11,2+13,5+9 and 13+20, respectively.
Forth, among 20 primers, 8 were found to amplify polymorphic products in this study. 112 of the total products were found to be polymorphic. The results of cluster analysis by using UPGMA method also showed that 18 watermelon parents were classified to four groups in accordance with genetic distance of 18 watermelon parents.
Fifth, the results which were verified by RAPD marker showed that soluble protein content of euphylla of the three indexes was accurate, the percentage of accuracy was 81.81 percent. We used the ratio of chorophyll a content and chrophyll b content of euphylla and soluble protein content of euphylla together for predict heterosis. 85.71 percent was accurate. If the three indexes were used together to predict watermelon, the percentage of accuracy was 100 percent. From those we known that the criterion of selecting procedure was more rigorous, the percentage of accuracy was higher.
Postgraduate: Xia Yan Specialty: Olericulture Supervisor: Vice-prof. Yu Xihong
引文
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2 段学平，梁承邺等．水稻杂种优势预测方法的现状、问题与对策．杂交水稻．2000，15(20)：1～3
3 高洪斌，司龙亭等．黄瓜亲本遗传距离与F1产量优势相关关系的研究．辽宁农业科学．2002，2(3)：9～12
4 官春云，王国槐等．甘蓝型油菜杂种优势和优势早期预测的初步研究．遗传学报．19(1) 55～62
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