压电/弹性复合板水下透射消声研究
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摘要
水下消声是各国海军高度关注的课题之一。传统的消声瓦覆盖层消声是种被动方式,而且对于高频声波的吸收效果并不理想;单体压电材料消声也有其不足。新材料的使用强化了消声的效果。本文在前人研究了的该新材料的反射消声基础上,转而研究透射消声,算是对新材料水下消声进行的补充说明。
新材料模型为压电/弹性复合板,本文介绍了两层板的相关理论并列出它们应该满足的方程和关系式。声音在介质中传播的理论和方程也得到了阐述。然后,有机地联立了这些方程,求得了复合板上下表面的参数之间的关系。使用Fortran编程计算所得方程中的未知量,得出在不同的声波入射角情况下,所求参数的数值,然后用这些数据拟合曲线并进行相关讨论。
通过计算发现,施加了电压的复合板确实能够消除声音,而且根据条件的改变,其消声效果也不同。对比了在不同板厚、频率和材料下的消声情况。最后讨论了声波垂直入射的几个问题。要说明的是,为满足消声的条件,需要进行相应的处理和布置,这些要求可能成为新的课题。
Navies in many countries consider the elimination of acoustic wave a great subject. The traditional way of elimination by using attenuation watts is a passive approach which has less effect when the frequency is high than when the frequency is low. But the work done by using pure piezoelectric material cannot satisfy us either. However, the new material gives a good answer to the question. Some people in the area have done good jobs to eliminate waves of reflection in the face of the new material. This paper borrows the model of them and studies the acoustic wave elimination of transmission. The author consider it a supplement to the work which scientists have already done.
The model of the new material is constructed by a bi-laminated plate which is composed of an elastic layer in contact with a piezoelectric layer. The principle of the two layers is introduced and the equations they should satisfy are got. Of course, the same thing is done to the incident wave. Then we organically create the simultaneous equations in order to get the relationship between the parameters in both surface and bottom of the layers. Now the result is obtained by using Fortran to calculate the equations in different angle. The numbers produced by computer are used to plot some figures through which we discuss the effect of the elimination.
After calculating, the elimination of sound in composite plate with voltage is possible. The effectiveness is different when conditions are changed. The results in different plate thickness, different wave frequency and different plate material are compared. At the end, some problem in vertical incident wave are discussed. In order to satisfy the condition, the plate and voltage should be rearranged. These may be the new subjects in future.
新材料模型为压电/弹性复合板,本文介绍了两层板的相关理论并列出它们应该满足的方程和关系式。声音在介质中传播的理论和方程也得到了阐述。然后,有机地联立了这些方程,求得了复合板上下表面的参数之间的关系。使用Fortran编程计算所得方程中的未知量,得出在不同的声波入射角情况下,所求参数的数值,然后用这些数据拟合曲线并进行相关讨论。
通过计算发现,施加了电压的复合板确实能够消除声音,而且根据条件的改变,其消声效果也不同。对比了在不同板厚、频率和材料下的消声情况。最后讨论了声波垂直入射的几个问题。要说明的是,为满足消声的条件,需要进行相应的处理和布置,这些要求可能成为新的课题。
Navies in many countries consider the elimination of acoustic wave a great subject. The traditional way of elimination by using attenuation watts is a passive approach which has less effect when the frequency is high than when the frequency is low. But the work done by using pure piezoelectric material cannot satisfy us either. However, the new material gives a good answer to the question. Some people in the area have done good jobs to eliminate waves of reflection in the face of the new material. This paper borrows the model of them and studies the acoustic wave elimination of transmission. The author consider it a supplement to the work which scientists have already done.
The model of the new material is constructed by a bi-laminated plate which is composed of an elastic layer in contact with a piezoelectric layer. The principle of the two layers is introduced and the equations they should satisfy are got. Of course, the same thing is done to the incident wave. Then we organically create the simultaneous equations in order to get the relationship between the parameters in both surface and bottom of the layers. Now the result is obtained by using Fortran to calculate the equations in different angle. The numbers produced by computer are used to plot some figures through which we discuss the effect of the elimination.
After calculating, the elimination of sound in composite plate with voltage is possible. The effectiveness is different when conditions are changed. The results in different plate thickness, different wave frequency and different plate material are compared. At the end, some problem in vertical incident wave are discussed. In order to satisfy the condition, the plate and voltage should be rearranged. These may be the new subjects in future.
引文
[1]Ronald D Joslina, Russell H. Thomasb, Meelan M.Choudharib.Synergism of flow and noise control technologies.Progress in aerospace sciences,2005,41:363-417
[2]许肖梅.声学基础(第一版)科学出版社2003
[3]Richardson M D , Briggs K B.On the use of acoustic impedance values to determinesediment properties in acoustic classication and mapping of the seabed. Eds. N G.Pace and D N Langhorne(University of bath),1993,15:15-24
[4]DiMeglio.Combined finite element-boundary element analysis of viscoelastic anechoic panel for underwater applications.Oceans’97,MTS/IEEE conference Proc.Halifax,Canada,1997,1189-1194
[5]Chang Y. Solution of viscoelastic scattering problem in linear acoustic using HP boundary/finite element method. Proc.of the high-performance computing on the informatian superhighways,HPC-Asia’97,Seoul,Korea,1997,611-616
[6]Gaunaurd.G.et al.Resonance theory of the effective properties of perforated solids.J.Acoustic.Soc.Am,1982,1:282-295
[7]Tomlinson G. R. An overview of active/passive dampingtechniques employing visocoelastic materials, in: P.F. Gobin, J. Tatibou.et (Eds.), Third International Conference on Intelligent Materials, Lyon, France, 3–5 June 1996
[8]Gaunaurd G.. One-dimensional model of acoustic absorption in a viscoelastic medium containingshort cylindricalcavities, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ,1977,62: 298–307
[9]Radlinski R P . Scattering from multiple gratings of compliant tubes in a viscoelastic layer, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1989,85:2301–2310
[10]赵汉中.粘弹性材料覆盖层对于声波投射及反射的衰减作用.噪声与振动控制.2002,3-6
[11]Fuller C R. Active control of sound transmission/radiation from elastic plates by vibration inputs:(ansysis & experiment). Journal of Sound and Vibration.1990,136:1-15
[12]Fuller C R, Hansen C H,Snyder S D.Experiments on active control of sound radiation from a panel using a piezoelectric actuator. Journal of Sound and Vibration.1991 150:179-190
[13]Clark R L , Fuller C R.Modal sensing of effcient acoustic radiators with polyvinylidene fluoride distributed sensors in active structural acoustic control approaches.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America .1992 ,91:3321-3329
[14]Chandrashekhara K,Agarwal A N.Active vibration control of laminated composite plates using piezoelectric devices: a finite element approach.Journal of intelligent material systems and structures.1993,4:496-508
[15]John G G,John A K.Piezoelectric materials for acoustic wave applications.IEEE Trans on ultras ferro and frequ contrl,1994,41(1):53
[16]Bao X Q, Varadan V.Model of a bilaminar actuator for active acoustic control systems, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1990,87:1350–1352
[17]Braga A M B. Suppression of sound reflected from a piezoelectric plate, Journal of intelligent material systems and structures ,1992,3:209–223
[18]Howarth T R , Varadan V, Bao X. Piezocomposite coatingfor active underwater sound reduction,Journal of the acoustical society of America ,1992, 91: 823–831
[19]张福学,王丽坤.现代压电学(第一版上册).北京:科学出版社,2001
[20]Jae-hwan Kim,Vasundara V Varadan .Finite element modeling of a finite piezoelectric sensor/actuator embedded in a fluid-loaded plate.Mathematics and control in smart structures,Orland,FL,1994,273-280
[21]Clyde Scandertt.Scattering and active acoustic control from a submerged sphere shell.J.Acoustic Soc.Am.2002,111:893-906
[22]李海涛,朱锡,石勇等.层状结构水下声学特性研究.噪声与振动控制.2005,3:54-57
[23]Zhao Hanzhong.Acoustic reflection from a baffled elastic/piezoelectric plate.Acta mechanica solida sinica,2002,15(2):156~162
[24]Zhao Hanzhong.Laminated piezoelectric plate for active underwater acoustic control.Acta mechanica solida sinica,2001,14(4):306~311
[25]邹思敏.聚合物基压电复合材料水下消声研究.武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2009
[26]孔建益,李公法,侯宇等.潜艇振动噪声的控制研究.噪声与振动控制.2006,5:1-4
[27]杜功焕,朱哲民,龚秀芬.声学基础(.第2版).南京:南京大学出版社,2001.173-176
[28]盛美萍,王敏庆,孙进才.噪声与振动控制技术基础(第1版).北京:科学出版社,2001.
[29]杨桂通.弹性力学简明教程(第1版).北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[30]范淑华.大学物理(第1版).武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2004.69-73
[31]同济大学数学系.高等数学(第六版)下册.北京:高等教育出版社,20082,29-237
[32]宋道仁,肖鸣山.压电效应及其应用(第1版).北京:科学普及出版社,1987.41-46
[33]彭国伦.Fortran95程序设计(第1版).北京:中国电力出版社,2009
[34]邓四清.复常系数线性齐次微分方程组的解法.郴州师专学报(综合版).1997,3
[35]程开敏,冉蜀思.常线性微分方程组的求解方法.重庆三峡学院学报.2008,3
[36]王礼力.应力波基础(第1版).北京:国防工业出版社,1985
[37]柴华友,吴慧明,张电吉等.弹性介质中表面波理论及其在岩土工程中应用(第1版).北京:科学出版社,2008
[38]郭伟国,李玉龙,索涛.应力波基础简明教程(第1版).西安:西北工业大学出版社,2007
[39]葛哲学.精通MATLAB.北京:电子工业出版社,2008
[40]张喜燕,赵永庆,白晨光.钛合金及其应用(第1版).北京:化学工业出版社,2005.21-23
[41]刘高旻,王志刚,王海晏等.PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的声速及力学参数研究.中国材料科技设备.2007.4
[2]许肖梅.声学基础(第一版)科学出版社2003
[3]Richardson M D , Briggs K B.On the use of acoustic impedance values to determinesediment properties in acoustic classication and mapping of the seabed. Eds. N G.Pace and D N Langhorne(University of bath),1993,15:15-24
[4]DiMeglio.Combined finite element-boundary element analysis of viscoelastic anechoic panel for underwater applications.Oceans’97,MTS/IEEE conference Proc.Halifax,Canada,1997,1189-1194
[5]Chang Y. Solution of viscoelastic scattering problem in linear acoustic using HP boundary/finite element method. Proc.of the high-performance computing on the informatian superhighways,HPC-Asia’97,Seoul,Korea,1997,611-616
[6]Gaunaurd.G.et al.Resonance theory of the effective properties of perforated solids.J.Acoustic.Soc.Am,1982,1:282-295
[7]Tomlinson G. R. An overview of active/passive dampingtechniques employing visocoelastic materials, in: P.F. Gobin, J. Tatibou.et (Eds.), Third International Conference on Intelligent Materials, Lyon, France, 3–5 June 1996
[8]Gaunaurd G.. One-dimensional model of acoustic absorption in a viscoelastic medium containingshort cylindricalcavities, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ,1977,62: 298–307
[9]Radlinski R P . Scattering from multiple gratings of compliant tubes in a viscoelastic layer, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1989,85:2301–2310
[10]赵汉中.粘弹性材料覆盖层对于声波投射及反射的衰减作用.噪声与振动控制.2002,3-6
[11]Fuller C R. Active control of sound transmission/radiation from elastic plates by vibration inputs:(ansysis & experiment). Journal of Sound and Vibration.1990,136:1-15
[12]Fuller C R, Hansen C H,Snyder S D.Experiments on active control of sound radiation from a panel using a piezoelectric actuator. Journal of Sound and Vibration.1991 150:179-190
[13]Clark R L , Fuller C R.Modal sensing of effcient acoustic radiators with polyvinylidene fluoride distributed sensors in active structural acoustic control approaches.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America .1992 ,91:3321-3329
[14]Chandrashekhara K,Agarwal A N.Active vibration control of laminated composite plates using piezoelectric devices: a finite element approach.Journal of intelligent material systems and structures.1993,4:496-508
[15]John G G,John A K.Piezoelectric materials for acoustic wave applications.IEEE Trans on ultras ferro and frequ contrl,1994,41(1):53
[16]Bao X Q, Varadan V.Model of a bilaminar actuator for active acoustic control systems, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1990,87:1350–1352
[17]Braga A M B. Suppression of sound reflected from a piezoelectric plate, Journal of intelligent material systems and structures ,1992,3:209–223
[18]Howarth T R , Varadan V, Bao X. Piezocomposite coatingfor active underwater sound reduction,Journal of the acoustical society of America ,1992, 91: 823–831
[19]张福学,王丽坤.现代压电学(第一版上册).北京:科学出版社,2001
[20]Jae-hwan Kim,Vasundara V Varadan .Finite element modeling of a finite piezoelectric sensor/actuator embedded in a fluid-loaded plate.Mathematics and control in smart structures,Orland,FL,1994,273-280
[21]Clyde Scandertt.Scattering and active acoustic control from a submerged sphere shell.J.Acoustic Soc.Am.2002,111:893-906
[22]李海涛,朱锡,石勇等.层状结构水下声学特性研究.噪声与振动控制.2005,3:54-57
[23]Zhao Hanzhong.Acoustic reflection from a baffled elastic/piezoelectric plate.Acta mechanica solida sinica,2002,15(2):156~162
[24]Zhao Hanzhong.Laminated piezoelectric plate for active underwater acoustic control.Acta mechanica solida sinica,2001,14(4):306~311
[25]邹思敏.聚合物基压电复合材料水下消声研究.武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2009
[26]孔建益,李公法,侯宇等.潜艇振动噪声的控制研究.噪声与振动控制.2006,5:1-4
[27]杜功焕,朱哲民,龚秀芬.声学基础(.第2版).南京:南京大学出版社,2001.173-176
[28]盛美萍,王敏庆,孙进才.噪声与振动控制技术基础(第1版).北京:科学出版社,2001.
[29]杨桂通.弹性力学简明教程(第1版).北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[30]范淑华.大学物理(第1版).武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2004.69-73
[31]同济大学数学系.高等数学(第六版)下册.北京:高等教育出版社,20082,29-237
[32]宋道仁,肖鸣山.压电效应及其应用(第1版).北京:科学普及出版社,1987.41-46
[33]彭国伦.Fortran95程序设计(第1版).北京:中国电力出版社,2009
[34]邓四清.复常系数线性齐次微分方程组的解法.郴州师专学报(综合版).1997,3
[35]程开敏,冉蜀思.常线性微分方程组的求解方法.重庆三峡学院学报.2008,3
[36]王礼力.应力波基础(第1版).北京:国防工业出版社,1985
[37]柴华友,吴慧明,张电吉等.弹性介质中表面波理论及其在岩土工程中应用(第1版).北京:科学出版社,2008
[38]郭伟国,李玉龙,索涛.应力波基础简明教程(第1版).西安:西北工业大学出版社,2007
[39]葛哲学.精通MATLAB.北京:电子工业出版社,2008
[40]张喜燕,赵永庆,白晨光.钛合金及其应用(第1版).北京:化学工业出版社,2005.21-23
[41]刘高旻,王志刚,王海晏等.PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的声速及力学参数研究.中国材料科技设备.2007.4