数字信道化瞬时测频接收技术的研究
摘要
在雷达侦察接收机的设计中，一般要具有瞬时宽带频率覆盖、高的灵敏度和动态范围、检测同时到达信号，以及高的测频精度和频率分辨率等性能要求。信道化接收机可以满足这些要求，但传统的模拟信道化接收机存在相位非线性和各信道间幅度增益不一致等缺点。目前的宽带数字接收机又存在着高速ADC与后端低速率DSP处理能力之间矛盾的“瓶颈”问题。本文根据雷达侦察接收机的设计中所面临的问题，提出一种基于多相滤波器组的数字信道化瞬时测频接收机的设计方法，并进行了深入的理论分析，用大量计算机仿真实验验证所设计的接收机的性能。本文的主要工作包含了以下几个方面：
·研究了宽带数字接收机的性能要求，以及所面临的主要问题，和目前的解决方法，提出了一种基于多相滤波器组的数字信道化方法，并进行了计算机的仿真实验，对其性能进行了深入分析。
·研究了雷达侦察接收机对于频率测量的要求，提出了一种基于协调旋转数字计算机(cordic)算法和一阶相位差分算法的瞬时测频方法，并且进行了计算机仿真实验，对其测频精度进行了详细的讨论。
·介绍了ALTERA公司Stratix系列FPGA的特点，提出了数字信道化瞬时测频接收机各部分的FPGA硬件实现方法，并在FPGA设计软件QuartusⅡ中对系统做了FPGA硬件仿真实验，对测频精度进行了分析。
In the design of radar reconnaissance receiver, generally have the characteristics including broadband instantaneous frequency coverage, good sensitivity and dynamic range, simultaneous signal detection, and fine frequency measurement. The channelized receiver covers these characteristics, but the traditional analog channelized receivers have the limitations, that is phase non-linearity, the amplitude gain non-consistent and so on. At present, the wideband digital receiver has the "bottleneck" question that the high speed ADC can not match low speed DSP processing ability. According to the question which the radar reconnaissance receiver in the design, this dissertation proposes a design method of channelized receiver based on poly-phase filters, and their corresponding theoretical analyses are given. The algorithms and conclusions in the dissertation are verified by a plenty of computer simulations. The main work of this dissertation contained following several aspects:
In the dissertation we studied the characteristics of wideband digital receiver, the main question, solution method at present, proposed a design method of channelized receiver based on poly-phase filters .The computer simulations experiments were done, the performances analysed deeply.
In the dissertation we studied the characteristics of frequency measurement about radar reconnaissance receiver, proposed one kind of instantaneous frequency measurement method based on the cordic algorithm and the one order phase difference algorithm, and the computer simulations were done, the frequency measurement precision was discussed in detail.
Characteristics of FPGA of Stratix series of the ALTERA Corporation were introduced, FPGA hardware realization method of each part of the digital channelized IFM receiver was proposed, and the system FPGA hardware simulations were made in FPGA design software QuartusII, and frequency
·研究了宽带数字接收机的性能要求，以及所面临的主要问题，和目前的解决方法，提出了一种基于多相滤波器组的数字信道化方法，并进行了计算机的仿真实验，对其性能进行了深入分析。
·研究了雷达侦察接收机对于频率测量的要求，提出了一种基于协调旋转数字计算机(cordic)算法和一阶相位差分算法的瞬时测频方法，并且进行了计算机仿真实验，对其测频精度进行了详细的讨论。
·介绍了ALTERA公司Stratix系列FPGA的特点，提出了数字信道化瞬时测频接收机各部分的FPGA硬件实现方法，并在FPGA设计软件QuartusⅡ中对系统做了FPGA硬件仿真实验，对测频精度进行了分析。
In the design of radar reconnaissance receiver, generally have the characteristics including broadband instantaneous frequency coverage, good sensitivity and dynamic range, simultaneous signal detection, and fine frequency measurement. The channelized receiver covers these characteristics, but the traditional analog channelized receivers have the limitations, that is phase non-linearity, the amplitude gain non-consistent and so on. At present, the wideband digital receiver has the "bottleneck" question that the high speed ADC can not match low speed DSP processing ability. According to the question which the radar reconnaissance receiver in the design, this dissertation proposes a design method of channelized receiver based on poly-phase filters, and their corresponding theoretical analyses are given. The algorithms and conclusions in the dissertation are verified by a plenty of computer simulations. The main work of this dissertation contained following several aspects:
In the dissertation we studied the characteristics of wideband digital receiver, the main question, solution method at present, proposed a design method of channelized receiver based on poly-phase filters .The computer simulations experiments were done, the performances analysed deeply.
In the dissertation we studied the characteristics of frequency measurement about radar reconnaissance receiver, proposed one kind of instantaneous frequency measurement method based on the cordic algorithm and the one order phase difference algorithm, and the computer simulations were done, the frequency measurement precision was discussed in detail.
Characteristics of FPGA of Stratix series of the ALTERA Corporation were introduced, FPGA hardware realization method of each part of the digital channelized IFM receiver was proposed, and the system FPGA hardware simulations were made in FPGA design software QuartusII, and frequency
引文
[1] James Tsui．宽带数字接收机．第二版．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．
[2] 殷兆伟，戴国宪．不断发展的现代电子战接收机．船舶电子对抗．2002：25(5)：6-9页
[3] 赵国庆．雷达对抗原理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1999．
[4] Schroer, R. Electronic warefare. Aerospase and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE. July, 2003: 49-54P
[5] 杨小牛，楼才义，徐建良．软件无线电原理与应用．北京：电子工业出版社．2001．
[6] Hentschel, T. Henker, M. Fettweis, G. The digital front-end of software radio terminals IEEE Personal Communications. 1999. 8, 6(4): 40-46P
[7] 孔京，郭黎利．基于软件无线电通信平台的高效信道化MSK系统．哈尔滨工业大学学报．2004，36(4)：443-445页
[8] 孔京，张晓林．基于软件无线电通信平台的高效信道化QAM系统．哈尔滨工程大学学报．2004，24(2)：204-208页，239页
[9] 毛自灿，郭东军．信道化接收机测频方法研究．电子对抗．1995，(3)：21-24页
[10] 周绍槐．信道化接收机的最优频率编码器．电子对抗技术．1996，(1)：27-33页
[11] 李晓鸣．信道化接收机中暂态效应的处理技术．电子对抗．2000，15(4)：31-36页
[12] 陆重阳，卢东华．FPGA技术及其发展趋势．微电子技术．2003，31(1)：6-8页
[13] 辛明．一种高效数字信道化接收方法．电子对抗技术．2004，19(5)：10-13页
[14] 陈永其．数字信道化接收机研究．通信对抗．2004，(3)：11-16页
[15] Fields, T. W., Sharpin, D. L., Tsui, J. B. Digital channelized IFM receiver??Microwave Symposium Digest. IEEE MTT-S International. 1994: 1667-1670P
[16] 陈永其，黄爱苹，严文忠．一种宽带数字中频信道化侦察接收机方案．电子对抗技术．2003，33(8)：35-35页，40页
[17] 戴绍港，张福洪．软件无线电信道化接收机的FPGA的实现方案．杭州电子工业学院学报．2004，24(4)：47-51页
[18] 高志成，肖先赐．宽带数字下变频的一种高效实现结构．电子与信息学报．2001，23(3)：255-260页
[19] Pasko, R., Rijnders, L., Schaumont, P. R., Vernalde, S. A., Durackova, D. High-performance flexible all-digital quadrature up and down converter chip Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of. 2001, 36(3): 408-416P
[20] 张俊杰，郭黎利．软件无线电中带通采样理论的研究．信息技术．2005(4)：97-99页
[21] 张嵘．高灵敏度数字接收机，电子科技大学博士论文，2002．10：17-24页
[22] 刘高辉，高勇，余宁梅．带通信号非均匀采样理论的研究．2005，28(4)：66-69页
[23] 杨力生，韩庆文，杨士中．数字下变频及其频谱分析．信息与电子工程．2005，3(2)：153-160页
[24] Ren Guanhui, zhao Yaqin, Wu Zinlu, Gu Xuemai. channelized receiver platform of SDR based on FPGAs. ASIC, 2003. Proceeding. 5th international conference. 2003: 840-843P
[25] 吕幼新，郑立岗，王丽华．基于多相滤波的宽带数字化接收机技术．电子科技大学学报．2003，32(2)：133-136页
[26] P. P. Vaidyanathan. Multirate digital filters, filter banks, polyphase networks, and applications. A tutorial. Proc. IEEE. 1990, (1): 55-93P
[27] 孙增友，宋克，邬春明，滕志军．基于多相滤波正交化处理的软件无线电单通道接收机的模型．东北电力学院学报．2002，22(4)：61-64页
[28] Yonina C. Eldar, Alan V. Oppenheim. Filter bank interpolation and reconstruction from generalized and recurrem nonuniform??samples. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. ICASSP'00. Proceedings. 2000 IEEE International Conference on, 2000, (1): 324-327P
[29] Zahirniak, D. R.; Sharpin, D. L.; Fields, T. W. A hardware-efficient, multirate, digital channelized receiver architecture Aerospace and Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions on, Jan. 1998, 34(1): 137-152P
[30] C. W. Kok and S. H. Leung. The Spectral Theory of Multirate Filter Banks. Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis. Proceedings of the IEEE-SP International Symposium. 1992: 287-290P
[31] 胡广书．数字信号处理-理论、算法与实现．北京：清华大学出版社．2003：409-417页
[32] 宗志毅，王晓音，杨莘元．多速率信号处理中的重采样技术．电子对抗技术．2003，18(3)：37-41页
[33] Uwe Meyer-Baese．数字信号处理的FPGA实现．北京：清华大学出版社．2003：55-63页
[34] 郑立岗，吕幼新，向敬成，王丽华．一种基于CORDIC算法的数字鉴频方法．信号处理．2003，19(1)：6-11页
[35] 王晓华．基于CORDIC算法的数字下变频器设计．船舶电子对抗．2005，28(2)：44-46页．
[36] Hu, Y. Cordic-based vlsi architecture for digital signal processing. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine. 1992: 16-35P
[37] 刘东霞．脉内调制信号的分析于自动识别．西安电子科技大学硕士论文．2003：30-36页
[38] 闻军会，赵国庆．数字测频算法研究．雷达与对抗．2002，(4)：24-29页
[39] 仁爱锋，初秀琴，常存，孙肖子．基于FPGA的嵌入式系统设计．2004：9-153页
[40] 王飞．基于FPGA的实时脉冲参数测量技术研究．国防科技大学硕士学位论文．2002：1-7页
[41] James P. Stephens. Advances in Signal Processing Technology for Electronic Warfare. IEEE AES Systems Magazine. 1996, (11): 31-38P[42] 谷蔌隆嗣．快速算法与并行信号处理．北京：科学出版社．2003：52-75页
[43] 褚振勇，翁木云．FPGA设计及应用．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．2002：1-22页
[44] 杨锋，金力军．数字中频技术的研究及其FPGA实现．电子科技．2004，(10)：10-13页．
[45] 植强．一种基于FPGA的FFT阵列处理器．电子对抗技术．2002，17(6)：36-39页
[2] 殷兆伟，戴国宪．不断发展的现代电子战接收机．船舶电子对抗．2002：25(5)：6-9页
[3] 赵国庆．雷达对抗原理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1999．
[4] Schroer, R. Electronic warefare. Aerospase and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE. July, 2003: 49-54P
[5] 杨小牛，楼才义，徐建良．软件无线电原理与应用．北京：电子工业出版社．2001．
[6] Hentschel, T. Henker, M. Fettweis, G. The digital front-end of software radio terminals IEEE Personal Communications. 1999. 8, 6(4): 40-46P
[7] 孔京，郭黎利．基于软件无线电通信平台的高效信道化MSK系统．哈尔滨工业大学学报．2004，36(4)：443-445页
[8] 孔京，张晓林．基于软件无线电通信平台的高效信道化QAM系统．哈尔滨工程大学学报．2004，24(2)：204-208页，239页
[9] 毛自灿，郭东军．信道化接收机测频方法研究．电子对抗．1995，(3)：21-24页
[10] 周绍槐．信道化接收机的最优频率编码器．电子对抗技术．1996，(1)：27-33页
[11] 李晓鸣．信道化接收机中暂态效应的处理技术．电子对抗．2000，15(4)：31-36页
[12] 陆重阳，卢东华．FPGA技术及其发展趋势．微电子技术．2003，31(1)：6-8页
[13] 辛明．一种高效数字信道化接收方法．电子对抗技术．2004，19(5)：10-13页
[14] 陈永其．数字信道化接收机研究．通信对抗．2004，(3)：11-16页
[15] Fields, T. W., Sharpin, D. L., Tsui, J. B. Digital channelized IFM receiver??Microwave Symposium Digest. IEEE MTT-S International. 1994: 1667-1670P
[16] 陈永其，黄爱苹，严文忠．一种宽带数字中频信道化侦察接收机方案．电子对抗技术．2003，33(8)：35-35页，40页
[17] 戴绍港，张福洪．软件无线电信道化接收机的FPGA的实现方案．杭州电子工业学院学报．2004，24(4)：47-51页
[18] 高志成，肖先赐．宽带数字下变频的一种高效实现结构．电子与信息学报．2001，23(3)：255-260页
[19] Pasko, R., Rijnders, L., Schaumont, P. R., Vernalde, S. A., Durackova, D. High-performance flexible all-digital quadrature up and down converter chip Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of. 2001, 36(3): 408-416P
[20] 张俊杰，郭黎利．软件无线电中带通采样理论的研究．信息技术．2005(4)：97-99页
[21] 张嵘．高灵敏度数字接收机，电子科技大学博士论文，2002．10：17-24页
[22] 刘高辉，高勇，余宁梅．带通信号非均匀采样理论的研究．2005，28(4)：66-69页
[23] 杨力生，韩庆文，杨士中．数字下变频及其频谱分析．信息与电子工程．2005，3(2)：153-160页
[24] Ren Guanhui, zhao Yaqin, Wu Zinlu, Gu Xuemai. channelized receiver platform of SDR based on FPGAs. ASIC, 2003. Proceeding. 5th international conference. 2003: 840-843P
[25] 吕幼新，郑立岗，王丽华．基于多相滤波的宽带数字化接收机技术．电子科技大学学报．2003，32(2)：133-136页
[26] P. P. Vaidyanathan. Multirate digital filters, filter banks, polyphase networks, and applications. A tutorial. Proc. IEEE. 1990, (1): 55-93P
[27] 孙增友，宋克，邬春明，滕志军．基于多相滤波正交化处理的软件无线电单通道接收机的模型．东北电力学院学报．2002，22(4)：61-64页
[28] Yonina C. Eldar, Alan V. Oppenheim. Filter bank interpolation and reconstruction from generalized and recurrem nonuniform??samples. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. ICASSP'00. Proceedings. 2000 IEEE International Conference on, 2000, (1): 324-327P
[29] Zahirniak, D. R.; Sharpin, D. L.; Fields, T. W. A hardware-efficient, multirate, digital channelized receiver architecture Aerospace and Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions on, Jan. 1998, 34(1): 137-152P
[30] C. W. Kok and S. H. Leung. The Spectral Theory of Multirate Filter Banks. Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis. Proceedings of the IEEE-SP International Symposium. 1992: 287-290P
[31] 胡广书．数字信号处理-理论、算法与实现．北京：清华大学出版社．2003：409-417页
[32] 宗志毅，王晓音，杨莘元．多速率信号处理中的重采样技术．电子对抗技术．2003，18(3)：37-41页
[33] Uwe Meyer-Baese．数字信号处理的FPGA实现．北京：清华大学出版社．2003：55-63页
[34] 郑立岗，吕幼新，向敬成，王丽华．一种基于CORDIC算法的数字鉴频方法．信号处理．2003，19(1)：6-11页
[35] 王晓华．基于CORDIC算法的数字下变频器设计．船舶电子对抗．2005，28(2)：44-46页．
[36] Hu, Y. Cordic-based vlsi architecture for digital signal processing. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine. 1992: 16-35P
[37] 刘东霞．脉内调制信号的分析于自动识别．西安电子科技大学硕士论文．2003：30-36页
[38] 闻军会，赵国庆．数字测频算法研究．雷达与对抗．2002，(4)：24-29页
[39] 仁爱锋，初秀琴，常存，孙肖子．基于FPGA的嵌入式系统设计．2004：9-153页
[40] 王飞．基于FPGA的实时脉冲参数测量技术研究．国防科技大学硕士学位论文．2002：1-7页
[41] James P. Stephens. Advances in Signal Processing Technology for Electronic Warfare. IEEE AES Systems Magazine. 1996, (11): 31-38P[42] 谷蔌隆嗣．快速算法与并行信号处理．北京：科学出版社．2003：52-75页
[43] 褚振勇，翁木云．FPGA设计及应用．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．2002：1-22页
[44] 杨锋，金力军．数字中频技术的研究及其FPGA实现．电子科技．2004，(10)：10-13页．
[45] 植强．一种基于FPGA的FFT阵列处理器．电子对抗技术．2002，17(6)：36-39页