软件无线电FM中频接收系统的仿真与验证
|
摘要
现代无线通信存在着体制繁多，电台难以互通的问题。传统的无线电接收机硬件依赖性强、信号适应能力差；软件无线电的出现导致了接收机技术的革新，其基本的思想是在同一硬件平台上，安装不同的软件，灵活地实现各种通信功能。
本文对软件无线电若干关键技术作了深入的分析，包括多速率信号处理技术、通信信号识别技术等。鉴于目前器件水平的限制，采用专用芯片构建了宽带中频数字化接收系统。
首先，阐述了软件无线电中频数字化接收系统实现的理论基础，包括基本采样定理、带通采样定理、信号抽取技术。然后，探讨了信号识别技术，在决策论方法基础上，提出了利用基于改进SOFM神经网络的方法对模拟调制信号进行自动识别。仿真结果表明，在信噪比较低的情况下，神经网络识别法识别率高于传统的决策论法的识别率，平均值高1.6个百分点左右，而对于信噪比较高的信号，表现出与传统的决策论法一样较高的识别成功率。接着，以调频信号的接收为例，选择了合适的软件无线电接收系统模型，介绍了接收系统的参数配置及其FM信号解调算法，并借助Matlab对接收系统工作过程作了仿真，得到了满意的仿真结果。最后，利用AD公司的AD转换器-AD6640、Intersil公司的数字下变频芯片-HSP50214B和闻亭公司的DSP开发板-C5410EVM开发板，组建了中频数字化接收硬件系统，验证了设计的软件无线电接收系统的正确性。
Too many varieties of modulation schemes in modern wireless communication system make it hard for different systems to communicate with each other. Conventional receiver has high dependence on hardware and bad adaptability to signals. The emergence of software radio results in the renovation of receiver technology, whose basic idea is realizing every kind of communication function flexibly through installing different software in the same hardware platform.
In this paper, some key technologies of software radio, including the multi-velocity signal processing, communicating signal recognition and so on, are researched deeply. Due to the limitation of devices, special chips are utilized to build the digital IF receiving system.
Firstly, some basic theories in the realization of the IF digital receiving system of software radio are discussed in detail, including basic signal sampling theory, band pass signal sampling theory and extraction technique of the signals. Secondly, automatic recognition of the communication signals modulation is studied. A new recognition algorithm based on SOFM Neural Network is presented according to the decision-making method. Experimental results indicate that the recognition rate is 1.6 percent higher for low SNR signal and same well for high SNR signal by comparing Neural Network recognition method with conventional technology. Next, setting the FM signal receiving as an example, proper software radio receiving system is designed and the parameter configuration and signal of FM demodulation are introduced. The receiving process is simulated by Matlab and the satisfying results are acquired. Finally, AD6640 converter of AD company, HSP50214B digital down conversion chip of Intersil company and DSP evaluation board-C5410EVM of WenTing company have been used to build a system of software radio IF digital receiving system. The results validate the correctness of the designed software radio receiving system.
本文对软件无线电若干关键技术作了深入的分析，包括多速率信号处理技术、通信信号识别技术等。鉴于目前器件水平的限制，采用专用芯片构建了宽带中频数字化接收系统。
首先，阐述了软件无线电中频数字化接收系统实现的理论基础，包括基本采样定理、带通采样定理、信号抽取技术。然后，探讨了信号识别技术，在决策论方法基础上，提出了利用基于改进SOFM神经网络的方法对模拟调制信号进行自动识别。仿真结果表明，在信噪比较低的情况下，神经网络识别法识别率高于传统的决策论法的识别率，平均值高1.6个百分点左右，而对于信噪比较高的信号，表现出与传统的决策论法一样较高的识别成功率。接着，以调频信号的接收为例，选择了合适的软件无线电接收系统模型，介绍了接收系统的参数配置及其FM信号解调算法，并借助Matlab对接收系统工作过程作了仿真，得到了满意的仿真结果。最后，利用AD公司的AD转换器-AD6640、Intersil公司的数字下变频芯片-HSP50214B和闻亭公司的DSP开发板-C5410EVM开发板，组建了中频数字化接收硬件系统，验证了设计的软件无线电接收系统的正确性。
Too many varieties of modulation schemes in modern wireless communication system make it hard for different systems to communicate with each other. Conventional receiver has high dependence on hardware and bad adaptability to signals. The emergence of software radio results in the renovation of receiver technology, whose basic idea is realizing every kind of communication function flexibly through installing different software in the same hardware platform.
In this paper, some key technologies of software radio, including the multi-velocity signal processing, communicating signal recognition and so on, are researched deeply. Due to the limitation of devices, special chips are utilized to build the digital IF receiving system.
Firstly, some basic theories in the realization of the IF digital receiving system of software radio are discussed in detail, including basic signal sampling theory, band pass signal sampling theory and extraction technique of the signals. Secondly, automatic recognition of the communication signals modulation is studied. A new recognition algorithm based on SOFM Neural Network is presented according to the decision-making method. Experimental results indicate that the recognition rate is 1.6 percent higher for low SNR signal and same well for high SNR signal by comparing Neural Network recognition method with conventional technology. Next, setting the FM signal receiving as an example, proper software radio receiving system is designed and the parameter configuration and signal of FM demodulation are introduced. The receiving process is simulated by Matlab and the satisfying results are acquired. Finally, AD6640 converter of AD company, HSP50214B digital down conversion chip of Intersil company and DSP evaluation board-C5410EVM of WenTing company have been used to build a system of software radio IF digital receiving system. The results validate the correctness of the designed software radio receiving system.
引文
[1] Glenn Bischoff, software-define radio gets a boot, Mobile radio Technology[J], 2005, Vol.22(12): 22-33
[2] Walter HW TUTTLEBEE, Advances in software defined radio, Annales des Telecommunications[J],2002, Vol.57(5): 314-337
[3] Babic, D; Renfors, M, Decimation by non-integer factor in multistandard radio receivers, Signal Processing[J], 2005, Vol.85(6): 1211-1224
[4] Adam Baddeley, Finland Lays Foundation for National software-Defined radio, Signal[J], 2005, Vol.58(11), 57-60
[5] Hiroshi HARADA; Masahiro KURODA; Hiroyuki MORIKAWA; Hiromitsu WAKANA;Fumiyuki ADACHI, The Overview of the New Generation Mobile Communication System and the Roleof software Defined radio Technology, IEICE Transactions on Communications[J], 2003, Vol.E86-B(12): 3374-3384
[6] Abu-Al-Saud, W.A.; Stuber, G.L. Modified CIC filter for sample rate conversion in software radio systems, IEEE signal processing letters[J], 2003, 5:152-154
[7] Jussi Akerberg, Introducing the Vaisala software radio-state-of-art radiosonde telemetry, Vaisala News[J], 2004, 164:11-16
[8] RON HICKLING, Cognitive radios close to major advance, Mobile radio Technology[J], 2005, Vol.23(1): 24-29
[9] Jacques Palicot; Sidkieta ZABre, PAPR Analysis of a Multiplex of Modulated Carriers in a software radioContext, Frequenz[J], 2004 6:108-114
[10] Mikko Valkama; Juho Pirskanen; Markku Renfors, Signal processing challenges for applying software radio principles in futurewireless terminals: an overview, International Journal of Communication Systems[J], 2002, Vol. 15(8):741-769
[11] 杨小牛，楼才义，徐建良．软件无线电原理与应用[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[12] Mitola J. Ⅲ, Software radios-survey, critical evaluation and future directions[C], Telesystems Conference, 1992. NTC-92., National, 19-20 May 1992, Page (s): 13/15-13/23
[13] Vidano, R., SPEAKeasy Ⅱ-an IPT approach to software programmable radio development[J],MICOM 97 Proceedings, Volume: 3, 1997, Page (s): 1212-1215 vol.3
[14] Mitola J., The software radio architecture, IEEE Communications Magazine[J], Volume: 33 Issue: 5,May 1995, Page (s): 26-38
[15] Bennett, D.W, Kenington, RB; McGeehan, J. R,The ACTS FIRST project and its approach to software radio design[S], Adaptable and Multistandard Mobile Radio Terminals (Reg. No. 1998/406), IEEE Colloquium on, 18 May 1998, Pages (s): 4/1-4/6
[16] Kourtis S.; McAndrew P.; Tottle P., Software radio 2G&3G inner receiver processing[S], UMTS Terminals and Software Radio (Ref. No. 1999/055), IEEE Colloquium on, 1999, Page (s):6/1-6/7
[17] 张铁军，胡正明．软件无线电研究的新进展和关键技术问题[J]．电信科学，1998，9：63-68
[18] Shihe Li,Jun Li, TD-SCDMA: standardization and prototype development, Communications, 1999. APCC/OECC' 99[C],Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on...and Fourth Optoelectronics and Communications Conference, Volume: 2, 1999, Page(s): 1715 vol. 2
[19] Kei-Yong Khoo; Zhan Yu; Wilson, A. N., Jr., Efficient high-speed CIC decimation filter[C], ASIC Conference 1998. Proceedings. Eleventh Annual IEEE International, 1998, Page (s): 251-254.
[20] Park, J.; Joe, E.; Myung-Jun Choe; Bang-Sup Song, A 5-MHz IF digital FM demodulator[J], Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of, Volume: 34 Issue: 1, Jan. 1999, Page (s): 3-11.
[21] Nandi A.K.,Azzouz E.E.,Automatic analogue Modulation Recognition[J].Signal Processing, 1995,46:211-222
[22] Azzouz E.E., Nandi A.K., Automatic Modulation Recognition of Communication Signals[J]. Signal Processing, 1995,47:55-69
[23] Nasrabadi N.M.Feng Y. Vector Quantization of Images Based Upon the Kohonen Self-Organization Feature Maps[A]. Proc ICNN[C], San Diego,1988; 101-108
[24] 边肇祺，张学工等．模式识别[M]，北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[25] A Multilayer self-organizing Feature Map for vector Quantization of images[J].IEEE ICNN:2000,22:495-504
[26] Cook, P. G; Bonser, W., Architectural overview of the SPEAKeasy system[C], Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, Aprial 1999, Page (s): 650-661
[27] 肖维民，许希斌，朱健等．软件无线电综述[J]．电子学报，1998，2：45-51
[28] 曹志刚，钱亚生．现代通信原理[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1992
[29] 樊昌信．通信原理教程[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004
[30] 张辉，曹丽娜．现代通信原理与技术[M]．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002．87-91
[31] 宗孔德．多抽样率信号处理[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1996．84-111，131-137
[32] Analog Devices AD6640 Data[S], 12-bit 65 MSPS IF Sampling A/D converter, 1998.
[33] Analog Device,AD6640 Datasheet,http://www.anlog.com, Analog Device 2005
[34] Intersil Corporation,HSP50214B Datasheet,http://www.intersil.com,Intersil Corporation 2005
[35] TI TMS320VC5410 Data[S], Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor, 2000
[36] 闻亭公司EVM开发板说明书．2001：15
[37] http://www.ti.com.
[38] Jennison, B. K., Performance of a linear frequency-modulated signal detection algorithmiC], Radar Conference, 2000. The Record of the IEEE 2000 International, 2000, Page (s) 447-450.
[39] Stathaki, T., Fotinopoulos, I., Equiripple minimum phase FIR filter design from linear phase systems using root moments[J], Circuits and Systems Ⅱ Analog and Digintal Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 48 Issue: 6, June 2001, Page (s): 580-587.
[40] Rowinska-Schwarzweller, A.; Wintermantel, M., On designing fir filters using windows based on Gegenbauer polynomials[J], Circuits and Systems, 2002. ISCAS 2002. IEEE International Symposium on, Volume: 1, 2002, Page (s): 413-416
[41] 张勇．软件无线电中频数字化技术研究与实现[D]．成都：电子科技大学，2003
[42] 周昊，宋文涛等．中频软件无线电实现的方案[J]．通信技术．1999(4)：91-94
[43] 曾涛．一种新的中频采样滤波器的设计与实现[J]．电子学报．2000(6)：51-54
[44] 张永慧，高西全．卢朝阳等．中频数字化处理的关键技术[J]．计算机工程．2003(29)：1-3
[45] 孙秀睿．中频PCM／FM信号全软化FM解调的一种实现方法[J]．电讯技术．2005(1)：142-145
[46] 祝林啸，吴嗣亮．一种调频信号数字正交解调方法[J]．电讯技术．2005(4)：120-123
[47] 张雄伟．DSP集成开发与应用实例[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．6
[48] 钮心忻，杨义先．软件无线电技术与应用[M]．北京：北京邮电大学出版社．2000．9
[49] 谢先明．基于软件无线电的中频数字接收机设计及实现[D]．绵阳：西南科技大学，2005
[50] 张毅刚、彭喜元、姜守达、乔立岩，新编MCS—51单片机应用设计[M]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2003，22-26
[51] 王金龙等．无线通信系统的DSP实现[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002．4
[2] Walter HW TUTTLEBEE, Advances in software defined radio, Annales des Telecommunications[J],2002, Vol.57(5): 314-337
[3] Babic, D; Renfors, M, Decimation by non-integer factor in multistandard radio receivers, Signal Processing[J], 2005, Vol.85(6): 1211-1224
[4] Adam Baddeley, Finland Lays Foundation for National software-Defined radio, Signal[J], 2005, Vol.58(11), 57-60
[5] Hiroshi HARADA; Masahiro KURODA; Hiroyuki MORIKAWA; Hiromitsu WAKANA;Fumiyuki ADACHI, The Overview of the New Generation Mobile Communication System and the Roleof software Defined radio Technology, IEICE Transactions on Communications[J], 2003, Vol.E86-B(12): 3374-3384
[6] Abu-Al-Saud, W.A.; Stuber, G.L. Modified CIC filter for sample rate conversion in software radio systems, IEEE signal processing letters[J], 2003, 5:152-154
[7] Jussi Akerberg, Introducing the Vaisala software radio-state-of-art radiosonde telemetry, Vaisala News[J], 2004, 164:11-16
[8] RON HICKLING, Cognitive radios close to major advance, Mobile radio Technology[J], 2005, Vol.23(1): 24-29
[9] Jacques Palicot; Sidkieta ZABre, PAPR Analysis of a Multiplex of Modulated Carriers in a software radioContext, Frequenz[J], 2004 6:108-114
[10] Mikko Valkama; Juho Pirskanen; Markku Renfors, Signal processing challenges for applying software radio principles in futurewireless terminals: an overview, International Journal of Communication Systems[J], 2002, Vol. 15(8):741-769
[11] 杨小牛，楼才义，徐建良．软件无线电原理与应用[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[12] Mitola J. Ⅲ, Software radios-survey, critical evaluation and future directions[C], Telesystems Conference, 1992. NTC-92., National, 19-20 May 1992, Page (s): 13/15-13/23
[13] Vidano, R., SPEAKeasy Ⅱ-an IPT approach to software programmable radio development[J],MICOM 97 Proceedings, Volume: 3, 1997, Page (s): 1212-1215 vol.3
[14] Mitola J., The software radio architecture, IEEE Communications Magazine[J], Volume: 33 Issue: 5,May 1995, Page (s): 26-38
[15] Bennett, D.W, Kenington, RB; McGeehan, J. R,The ACTS FIRST project and its approach to software radio design[S], Adaptable and Multistandard Mobile Radio Terminals (Reg. No. 1998/406), IEEE Colloquium on, 18 May 1998, Pages (s): 4/1-4/6
[16] Kourtis S.; McAndrew P.; Tottle P., Software radio 2G&3G inner receiver processing[S], UMTS Terminals and Software Radio (Ref. No. 1999/055), IEEE Colloquium on, 1999, Page (s):6/1-6/7
[17] 张铁军，胡正明．软件无线电研究的新进展和关键技术问题[J]．电信科学，1998，9：63-68
[18] Shihe Li,Jun Li, TD-SCDMA: standardization and prototype development, Communications, 1999. APCC/OECC' 99[C],Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on...and Fourth Optoelectronics and Communications Conference, Volume: 2, 1999, Page(s): 1715 vol. 2
[19] Kei-Yong Khoo; Zhan Yu; Wilson, A. N., Jr., Efficient high-speed CIC decimation filter[C], ASIC Conference 1998. Proceedings. Eleventh Annual IEEE International, 1998, Page (s): 251-254.
[20] Park, J.; Joe, E.; Myung-Jun Choe; Bang-Sup Song, A 5-MHz IF digital FM demodulator[J], Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of, Volume: 34 Issue: 1, Jan. 1999, Page (s): 3-11.
[21] Nandi A.K.,Azzouz E.E.,Automatic analogue Modulation Recognition[J].Signal Processing, 1995,46:211-222
[22] Azzouz E.E., Nandi A.K., Automatic Modulation Recognition of Communication Signals[J]. Signal Processing, 1995,47:55-69
[23] Nasrabadi N.M.Feng Y. Vector Quantization of Images Based Upon the Kohonen Self-Organization Feature Maps[A]. Proc ICNN[C], San Diego,1988; 101-108
[24] 边肇祺，张学工等．模式识别[M]，北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[25] A Multilayer self-organizing Feature Map for vector Quantization of images[J].IEEE ICNN:2000,22:495-504
[26] Cook, P. G; Bonser, W., Architectural overview of the SPEAKeasy system[C], Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, Aprial 1999, Page (s): 650-661
[27] 肖维民，许希斌，朱健等．软件无线电综述[J]．电子学报，1998，2：45-51
[28] 曹志刚，钱亚生．现代通信原理[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1992
[29] 樊昌信．通信原理教程[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004
[30] 张辉，曹丽娜．现代通信原理与技术[M]．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002．87-91
[31] 宗孔德．多抽样率信号处理[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1996．84-111，131-137
[32] Analog Devices AD6640 Data[S], 12-bit 65 MSPS IF Sampling A/D converter, 1998.
[33] Analog Device,AD6640 Datasheet,http://www.anlog.com, Analog Device 2005
[34] Intersil Corporation,HSP50214B Datasheet,http://www.intersil.com,Intersil Corporation 2005
[35] TI TMS320VC5410 Data[S], Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor, 2000
[36] 闻亭公司EVM开发板说明书．2001：15
[37] http://www.ti.com.
[38] Jennison, B. K., Performance of a linear frequency-modulated signal detection algorithmiC], Radar Conference, 2000. The Record of the IEEE 2000 International, 2000, Page (s) 447-450.
[39] Stathaki, T., Fotinopoulos, I., Equiripple minimum phase FIR filter design from linear phase systems using root moments[J], Circuits and Systems Ⅱ Analog and Digintal Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 48 Issue: 6, June 2001, Page (s): 580-587.
[40] Rowinska-Schwarzweller, A.; Wintermantel, M., On designing fir filters using windows based on Gegenbauer polynomials[J], Circuits and Systems, 2002. ISCAS 2002. IEEE International Symposium on, Volume: 1, 2002, Page (s): 413-416
[41] 张勇．软件无线电中频数字化技术研究与实现[D]．成都：电子科技大学，2003
[42] 周昊，宋文涛等．中频软件无线电实现的方案[J]．通信技术．1999(4)：91-94
[43] 曾涛．一种新的中频采样滤波器的设计与实现[J]．电子学报．2000(6)：51-54
[44] 张永慧，高西全．卢朝阳等．中频数字化处理的关键技术[J]．计算机工程．2003(29)：1-3
[45] 孙秀睿．中频PCM／FM信号全软化FM解调的一种实现方法[J]．电讯技术．2005(1)：142-145
[46] 祝林啸，吴嗣亮．一种调频信号数字正交解调方法[J]．电讯技术．2005(4)：120-123
[47] 张雄伟．DSP集成开发与应用实例[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．6
[48] 钮心忻，杨义先．软件无线电技术与应用[M]．北京：北京邮电大学出版社．2000．9
[49] 谢先明．基于软件无线电的中频数字接收机设计及实现[D]．绵阳：西南科技大学，2005
[50] 张毅刚、彭喜元、姜守达、乔立岩，新编MCS—51单片机应用设计[M]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2003，22-26
[51] 王金龙等．无线通信系统的DSP实现[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002．4