长牡蛎早期胚胎发育中生化成分和能量变化的研究
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摘要
本研究采用生物化学方法研究了长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)早期胚胎发育过程中干重、主要生化物质(糖类、脂类及脂肪酸、蛋白质及氨基酸的组成)以及能量的变化情况,分别获取受精后0h,6h,12h,24h的胚胎或幼虫进行检测和分析,结果如下:(1)在长牡蛎早期胚胎发育中,受精后0h(受精卵),6h(囊胚),12h(担轮幼虫),24h(D形幼虫)干重分别为25.14±0.44ng,25.35±0.83ng,25.26±1.00ng,51.01±4.22ng,碳水化合物含量(%干重)经历先增高后降低的过程,由受精卵的5.25±0.50%升至6h时期最高的7.39±0.49%,到12h降为6.09±0.30%,后逐渐降至24h的3.17±0.20%。(2)脂类含量(%干重)逐渐降低,前三个时期脂类含量变化幅度较小,到24h时,脂类占干重含量明显降低(p<0.05)。在受精卵中共检测到27种脂肪酸,豆蔻酸(14:0)、软脂酸(16:0)、硬脂酸(18:0),EPA(20:5ω3)和DHA(22:6ω3)占总脂肪酸比例在各时期均较高。随着发育进行,饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的比例不断地增大,而多不饱和脂肪酸比例逐渐下降,ω3系列和ω6系列脂肪酸比例有不同程度的下降。(3)四个时期蛋白质含量占干重分别为55.94±0.82%,55.12±0.47%,54.86±0.37%,26.02+3.68%,总体上呈降低趋势。共检测到16种氨基酸,包括7种必需氨基酸,7种非必需氨基酸和2种半必需氨基酸,总氨基酸含量随着发育进行不断降低。(4)单个受精卵发育到24h时消耗的能量为63.50μj,脂类和蛋白质分别供应了79%和21%,脂类是长牡蛎早期胚胎发育中的主要供能物质。
The composition and content of carbohydrate, lipid and fatty acids, protein and amino acids, energy changes during the early embryonic development of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) were measured and analyzed by biochemical methods. Embryos or larvae sampled at 0h, 6h, 12h, 24h post-fertilization (PF) were taken and measured. The results were as follows: (1) during the early embryonic development of the Pacific oyster (C. gigas), the dry weights were 25.14±0.44ng, 25.35±0.83ng, 25.26±1.00ng, 51.01±4.22ng at the four different times post-fertilization; the contents of carbohydrate(% dry weight)firstly increased from 5.25±0.50% at 0h post-fertilization to the highest 7.39±0.49% at 6h post-fertilization, and then decreased to 6.09±0.30% and 3.17±0.20% at 12h and 24h post-fertilization respectively. (2) the contents of lipid (% dry weight) decreased gradually with the embryonic development, yet the decrease was obvious only at 24h post-fertilization (p<0.05); there were 27 kinds of fatty acids detected in the zygotes (0h post-fertilization) and the contents of myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), EPA (20:5ω3)and DHA(22:6ω3)were relatively high during 0-24 h PF; the proportion of the saturated fatty acids and also the monounsaturated fatty acids to the total fatty acids increased with the embryonic development while the poly-unsaturated fatty acids decreased gradually. (3) the contents of protein (% dry weight) which were 55.94±0.82%, 55.12±0.47%, 54.86±0.37%, 26.02±3.68% during the four developmental periods respectively, had a downtrend; 16 kinds of amino acids were detected, including 7 kinds of the essential amino acids, 7 kinds of the non-essential amino acids and 2 kinds of the semi-essential amino acids; the total amino acids decreased with development. (4) energy consumed in each embryo from 0h PF to 24h PF was 63.50μj, derived 79% and 21% from lipid and protein respectively; the lipid was the main energy source in the early embryonic development.
The composition and content of carbohydrate, lipid and fatty acids, protein and amino acids, energy changes during the early embryonic development of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) were measured and analyzed by biochemical methods. Embryos or larvae sampled at 0h, 6h, 12h, 24h post-fertilization (PF) were taken and measured. The results were as follows: (1) during the early embryonic development of the Pacific oyster (C. gigas), the dry weights were 25.14±0.44ng, 25.35±0.83ng, 25.26±1.00ng, 51.01±4.22ng at the four different times post-fertilization; the contents of carbohydrate(% dry weight)firstly increased from 5.25±0.50% at 0h post-fertilization to the highest 7.39±0.49% at 6h post-fertilization, and then decreased to 6.09±0.30% and 3.17±0.20% at 12h and 24h post-fertilization respectively. (2) the contents of lipid (% dry weight) decreased gradually with the embryonic development, yet the decrease was obvious only at 24h post-fertilization (p<0.05); there were 27 kinds of fatty acids detected in the zygotes (0h post-fertilization) and the contents of myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), EPA (20:5ω3)and DHA(22:6ω3)were relatively high during 0-24 h PF; the proportion of the saturated fatty acids and also the monounsaturated fatty acids to the total fatty acids increased with the embryonic development while the poly-unsaturated fatty acids decreased gradually. (3) the contents of protein (% dry weight) which were 55.94±0.82%, 55.12±0.47%, 54.86±0.37%, 26.02±3.68% during the four developmental periods respectively, had a downtrend; 16 kinds of amino acids were detected, including 7 kinds of the essential amino acids, 7 kinds of the non-essential amino acids and 2 kinds of the semi-essential amino acids; the total amino acids decreased with development. (4) energy consumed in each embryo from 0h PF to 24h PF was 63.50μj, derived 79% and 21% from lipid and protein respectively; the lipid was the main energy source in the early embryonic development.
引文
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