中原经济区建设中河南农村剩余劳动力转移问题研究
摘要
农村剩余劳动力转移的研究虽然起步早,理论研究也相对完善,但是不同的环境、政策都会让劳动力转移展现出新的特点和问题。特别是对于中原经济区建设中的河南省,经济社会发展日新月异,农村劳动力转移伴随着中原经济区建设进程的不断推进会展现出不同的特点,农村劳动力的有序转移不仅是实现新型农业现代化的前提,更是新型城镇化新型工业化建设的重要支撑。因此研究河南省农村剩余劳动力转移问题对于中原经济区建设具有重要的意义。
本文首先对论文研究的背景进行简单的介绍,对农村劳动力转移基础理论进行了梳理和总结。紧接着论述中原经济区建设与农村剩余劳动力转移之间相互促进相互影响的关系。在回顾河南省农村劳动力转移历史的基础上对当前中原经济区建设中的劳动力转移现状进行分析,发现河南省农村剩余劳动力在转移过程中存在转移不彻底有待进一步实现市民身份的转变、综合素质低、转移劳动力年龄性别结构不合理、劳动力市场不健全以及土地、社保、户籍制度不合理等问题,造成了当前河南省农村劳动力转移不能适应中原经济建设的需要,针对转移过程中存在的问题本文最后提出了加快河南省农村剩余劳动力转移促进中原经济区建设的对策：应当首先加快农村土地流转,把农村劳动力从土地的束缚中解放出来；其次大力实施农村劳动力素质提升工程,增强劳动力城市就业的能力；通过促进产业集聚区发展、大力发展第三产业、加快新型城镇化建设和鼓励引导农村剩余劳动力自主创业来拓宽非农就业渠道,为农村劳动力提供更多元的就业机会；最后构建城乡一体化劳动力市场、积极稳妥推进户籍制度改革、完善社会保障体制来逐步打破农村劳动力市民化的制约因素。最终实现农村劳动力无负担无障碍有技能的转移,促进中原经济区建设。
本文的主要贡献有：第一,当前研究农村剩余劳动力转移的文章很多,但是把中原经济区建设与农村剩余劳动力转移联系在一起研究的却很少,本文分别从新型城镇化、新型工业化、新型农业现代化的内涵出发,阐述中原经济区建设为河南省农村剩余劳动力转移带来的机遇。第二,提出加快河南农村剩余劳动力转移、促进中原经济区建设的对策。
Though the research on rural surplus labor transfer started early, theoretical research is relatively perfect, but different environment, different policies can make labor transfer show new characteristics and new problems. Especially in the central plains economic zone construction in Henan Province, with the rapid economic and social development, rural labor transfer shows different characteristics accompanying by the advancement of the central plains economic zone construction process. The orderly transfer of rural labor is not only the precondition for the realization of new type of agricultural modernization, but also plays an important role in the building of the new urbanization and the new industrialization. So the problem of rural surplus labor transfer in Henan Province has the vital significance in constructing the central plains economic zone.
This article first simply introduce the background of thesis research, and generalizes and summary the basic theory of rural labor transfer. The second part discusses the relationship between the central plains economic zone and rural surplus labor transfer. Based on the history of the the rural labor transfer in Henan Province, the third part analysis the current status of labor transfer in the central plains economic zone construction,finds that there are many problems:such as rural labor transfer in Henan Province is not completely, needing further realize the transformation of citizenship, comprehensive quality low, unreasonable structure of transfer of labor force, age and other issues in the process of the transfer and unsound labor market and unreasonable institutional constraints, caused the current rural labor transfer in Henan Province can't meet the needs of the centeral plains economic development. Aiming at the inadaptability in the process of transfer, this paper finally puts policies to accelerate the transfer of surplus rural labor in Henan and promote the construction of the Central Plains Economic Area:First of all, we should speed up the rural land circulation, in orde to liberate the rural labor force from the constraint of land. Secondly, we should vigorously implement the rural labor quality promotion project, to enhance the capacity of labor force employment in the city. It can provide more employment opportunities for rural labor force by promoting industry gathering area construction、developing the third industry、speeding up the construction of new urbanization and encouraging the rural surplus labor start a self-employment career. Finally we should construction of integration of urban and rural labor market and actively yet prudently proceed with the household registration system reform, perfecting social security system to gradually break the factors restricting the urbanization of rural labor force. Ultimately we can achieve the transfer of rural labor not only without burden but skilled, powering the construction of the central plains economic zone.
The main contributions of this dissertation are:First, there are many articles that research rural labor force transfer, but few people putting the Central Plains Economic Zone together with rural labor force transfer. This article starting from the connotation of the new urbanization, new-type industrialization and agricultural modernization, set forth the opportunities for rural surplus labor transfer brought by the construction of center plains zone in Henan Province. Second, putting forward the countermeasures to speed up the transfer of rural surplus labor in Henan and promote the construction of the Central Plains Economic Zone.
本文首先对论文研究的背景进行简单的介绍,对农村劳动力转移基础理论进行了梳理和总结。紧接着论述中原经济区建设与农村剩余劳动力转移之间相互促进相互影响的关系。在回顾河南省农村劳动力转移历史的基础上对当前中原经济区建设中的劳动力转移现状进行分析,发现河南省农村剩余劳动力在转移过程中存在转移不彻底有待进一步实现市民身份的转变、综合素质低、转移劳动力年龄性别结构不合理、劳动力市场不健全以及土地、社保、户籍制度不合理等问题,造成了当前河南省农村劳动力转移不能适应中原经济建设的需要,针对转移过程中存在的问题本文最后提出了加快河南省农村剩余劳动力转移促进中原经济区建设的对策：应当首先加快农村土地流转,把农村劳动力从土地的束缚中解放出来；其次大力实施农村劳动力素质提升工程,增强劳动力城市就业的能力；通过促进产业集聚区发展、大力发展第三产业、加快新型城镇化建设和鼓励引导农村剩余劳动力自主创业来拓宽非农就业渠道,为农村劳动力提供更多元的就业机会；最后构建城乡一体化劳动力市场、积极稳妥推进户籍制度改革、完善社会保障体制来逐步打破农村劳动力市民化的制约因素。最终实现农村劳动力无负担无障碍有技能的转移,促进中原经济区建设。
本文的主要贡献有：第一,当前研究农村剩余劳动力转移的文章很多,但是把中原经济区建设与农村剩余劳动力转移联系在一起研究的却很少,本文分别从新型城镇化、新型工业化、新型农业现代化的内涵出发,阐述中原经济区建设为河南省农村剩余劳动力转移带来的机遇。第二,提出加快河南农村剩余劳动力转移、促进中原经济区建设的对策。
Though the research on rural surplus labor transfer started early, theoretical research is relatively perfect, but different environment, different policies can make labor transfer show new characteristics and new problems. Especially in the central plains economic zone construction in Henan Province, with the rapid economic and social development, rural labor transfer shows different characteristics accompanying by the advancement of the central plains economic zone construction process. The orderly transfer of rural labor is not only the precondition for the realization of new type of agricultural modernization, but also plays an important role in the building of the new urbanization and the new industrialization. So the problem of rural surplus labor transfer in Henan Province has the vital significance in constructing the central plains economic zone.
This article first simply introduce the background of thesis research, and generalizes and summary the basic theory of rural labor transfer. The second part discusses the relationship between the central plains economic zone and rural surplus labor transfer. Based on the history of the the rural labor transfer in Henan Province, the third part analysis the current status of labor transfer in the central plains economic zone construction,finds that there are many problems:such as rural labor transfer in Henan Province is not completely, needing further realize the transformation of citizenship, comprehensive quality low, unreasonable structure of transfer of labor force, age and other issues in the process of the transfer and unsound labor market and unreasonable institutional constraints, caused the current rural labor transfer in Henan Province can't meet the needs of the centeral plains economic development. Aiming at the inadaptability in the process of transfer, this paper finally puts policies to accelerate the transfer of surplus rural labor in Henan and promote the construction of the Central Plains Economic Area:First of all, we should speed up the rural land circulation, in orde to liberate the rural labor force from the constraint of land. Secondly, we should vigorously implement the rural labor quality promotion project, to enhance the capacity of labor force employment in the city. It can provide more employment opportunities for rural labor force by promoting industry gathering area construction、developing the third industry、speeding up the construction of new urbanization and encouraging the rural surplus labor start a self-employment career. Finally we should construction of integration of urban and rural labor market and actively yet prudently proceed with the household registration system reform, perfecting social security system to gradually break the factors restricting the urbanization of rural labor force. Ultimately we can achieve the transfer of rural labor not only without burden but skilled, powering the construction of the central plains economic zone.
The main contributions of this dissertation are:First, there are many articles that research rural labor force transfer, but few people putting the Central Plains Economic Zone together with rural labor force transfer. This article starting from the connotation of the new urbanization, new-type industrialization and agricultural modernization, set forth the opportunities for rural surplus labor transfer brought by the construction of center plains zone in Henan Province. Second, putting forward the countermeasures to speed up the transfer of rural surplus labor in Henan and promote the construction of the Central Plains Economic Zone.
引文
1 中原经济区建设规划纲要(2012--2020)
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4 王秀红.河南省农村劳动力自主创业意愿及障碍研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011(9).
5 张文,徐小琴.城乡劳动力市场一体化理论初探：内涵、特征与实现条件[J].求实,2010(3).
[1]舒尔茨.人力资本投资[M].上海：商务印书馆,1990.
[2]托达罗.经济发展[M].中国经济出版社,1999.
[3]喻新安.策论中原崛起[M].经济管理出版社,2006.12.
[4]阿瑟·刘易斯[美].二元经济论[M].北京：北京经济学院出版社,1989.
[5]刘怀廉.农村剩余劳动力转移新论[M].北京：中国经济出版社,2004.
[6]杜鹰.走出乡村一中国农村劳动力流动实证研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,1997.
[7]刘怀廉.中原经济区发展报告(2011)[M].北京：社会科学出版社,2011.
[8]张锐,谷建全.河南经济发展报告(2011)[M].北京：社会科学出版社,2011.
[9]高国力.经济发展过程中人口迁移研究——以珠江三角洲地区为例[J].南方经济.1995(2).
[10]白南生,李靖.城市化与中国农村劳动力流动问题研究[J].中国人口科学,2008(4).
[11]杜鹰.现阶段我国劳动力流动的群体特征与宏观背景分析[J].中国农村经济.1997(6).
[12]Donald Bogue. "Internal Migration", in The Study of Poulation:An Inventory and Appraisal,Hauser and Duncan(eds), University of ChicagoPress, Chicago,1960.
[13]Herberle R. The Causes of rual-urban migration:a survey of German theories. American Journal of socioliogy,1938(1).
[14]Lewis. W. A. Economic DevelPoment with Unlimited SuPPlies of Labor. Manehester Sehool of Eeonomie and Soeial Studies,1954(22).
[15]Todaro. M. P. A Model of Migration and Urban UnemPloyment in Less DeveloPed Countries. Ameriean Eeonomic Review,1969(12).
[16]王美艳,蔡防.户籍制度改革的历程与展望[J].广东社会科学2008(6).
[17]蔡防.城市化与农民工的贡献一后危机时代中国经济增长潜力的思考[J].中国人口科学.2010(1).
[18]陶然,徐志刚.城市化、农地制度与迁移人口社会保障——一个转轨中发展的大国视角与政策选择.经济研究[J],2005(12).
[19]王春枝.农村剩余劳动力转移的理论渊源及其嬗变轨迹考察[J].经济论坛,2005,(12).
[20]李天祥,朱晶中国的“刘易斯转折点”到了吗——一个综述研究[J].经济问题探索,2012,(06).
[21]李朝晖.“刘易斯第一转折点”尚未来临—兼论中国农业剩余劳动力的供给变动与发展趋势[J].中国农村观察,2011,(05).
[22]侯东民.从“民工荒”到“返乡潮”：中国的刘易斯拐点到来了吗?[J].人口研究,2009,(03).
[23]张文,郭苑,徐小琴.城乡劳动力市场一体化与就业结构优化研究综述[J].华东经济管理,2011,(09).
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