中小高技术企业创业知识资本与成长绩效关系研究
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摘要
技术创业企业成长一直是创业理论和实践领域关注的焦点问题。以往研究没有能够揭示高新技术企业与传统行业企业创业成长的差异在哪里,以及为什么高技术企业更容易成长为高绩效企业。企业知识观和知识资本理论的出现,为研究高技术企业成长提供了新的视角和理论依据。技术创业被看作是一种关于认识、发现和追逐市场机会,并通过整合知识资源导致异质性产出(产品或服务)的过程。高技术创业成功的原因就在于高技术创业者或创业团队拥有异质性知识,通过有效组合专门知识与创业认知能力,产生知识资源的新组合模式,创造独特价值,获取创业利润。本研究设计主要从企业知识观点和知识资本理论出发,结合创业知识资本、技术策略导向、人力资源行为、技术创业环境以及创业成长绩效等研究变量,提出创业知识资本驱动的中小高技术企业成长理论构思模型,并展开一系列相关的研究。
研究一采用半结构化访谈法和关键行为事件访谈技术,以24家中小高技术创业企业为研究对象,通过多重案例总结高技术企业创业成长模式,初步识别了响高技术企业成长的三个核心要素,即创业知识资本、创业策略和技术创业环境。访谈及案例分析指出,创业知识资本、创业策略与技术创业环境之间的互动是高技术企业成长的有效模式,从而为后续研究奠定了初步的构思框架。
研究二分为两个子研究。子研究一采用多层次行为问卷调查法,以105家中小高新技术创业企业及其员工为样本,验证高技术企业创业知识资本结构及与创业成长绩效的关系,同时检验不同创业阶段知识资本结构的动态变化。通过探索性分析和验证性因素分析,对高技术企业创业知识资本的二维结构模型、三维结构模型和四维结构模型进行了比较验证,证明了高技术企业创业知识资本结构由人力资本、结构资本、客户资本和创新资本四个维度构成;且多维度结构模型具有较好的区分效度和聚合效度。研究结果指出,技术企业的创业结构资本和创新资本对创业竞争绩效和潜力绩效具有显著正效应,人力资本对创业潜力绩效具有一定程度的正效应,客户资本对创业竞争绩效具有一定程度的正效应。研究还揭示了在不同创业阶段和组织背景下,创业知识资本结构会发生一定程度的动态变化。子研究二采用中小企业板高技术上市公司的公开数据资料,从另一角度验证中小高技术企业创业知识资本与公司市场价值和财务绩效之间的关系。研究结果表明,我国高技术上市公司的人力资本、结构资本和客户资本对公司市场价值增
The problem of new venture growth is becoming a focus in entrepreneurship theory field and in practical. The relevant research conducted before failed to announce the difference of the growth process between Hi-tech enterprises and traditional ones, or to tell us the reason why Hi-tech enterprises had more chance to grow into high performance firms. The knowledge-based view of firm and the theory of intellectual capital served as theoretical foundation for the research on technology-based new venture growth from a new viewpoint. Technological entrepreneurship was known as a process of cognizing market, finding market, pursuing market, and creating heterogeneous outputs including product or service through integrating knowledge resources. The success of technological entrepreneurship depended on the heterogeneous knowledge owed by technology entrepreneurs or entrepreneurial team. When the heterogeneous knowledge being integrated with entrepreneurial cognition, knowledge resources would set up newly, then unique value would be created, and as a result entrepreneurial profits be gained. Based on the knowledge-based view of firm and the theory of intellectual capital, the research put forward a theoretical construct model about the growth of Hi-tech enterprises motivated by entrepreneurial intellectual capital, and had launched a series of research that was correlated with. The whole research tried to focus on some important organizational variables, such as entrepreneurial intellectual capital, technology strategy, human resources behavior, technology entrepreneurial environment, and new venture performance.In study I, 24 small and medium Hi-tech enterprises were investigated as samples via semi-structured interviews and behavioral event interviews. The study summarized the growth modes of such enterprises, and identified three key elements that had made impaction on venture growth. Through studied a series of cases, the three key elements were announced as entrepreneurial intellectual capital, entrepreneurial strategy and technology entrepreneurial environment. The analysis of the interviews and cases revealed that the interaction of the above-mentioned three elements was the effective growth modes for Hi-tech enterprises. The result of this study established a preliminary construct framework for follow-up studies.The study II was divided into two sub-studies. The sub-study I investigated 105 small and medium Hi-tech enterprises and their stuff via multilevel behavioral questionnaires. It tried to validate the structural dimensions of entrepreneurial intellectual capital, the relationship of entrepreneurial intellectual capital and venture growth, and verify the dynamic change of entrepreneurial intellectual capital in different entrepreneurial stage. Through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory
factor analysis, the study contrasted the two-dimensional model, three-dimensional model as well as four-dimensional model of entrepreneurial intellectual capital in technology new firms, which result proved the model of entrepreneurial intellectual capital structured by four dimensions of human capital, structural capital, customer capital and innovation capital. The multidimensional structural model had acceptable convergent validity and discriminant validity. This sub-study I revealed that entrepreneurial structural capital, combined with innovation capital, had a prominent positive effect on competitive performance and potential performance, while human capital had a certain effect on potential performance, and customer capital had a little positive effect on competitive performance. Furthermore, the study also pointed out that the structural dimensions of entrepreneurial intellectual capital would change dynamically according to different entrepreneurial stage and organizational background. The sub-study II also tried to validate the relationship among entrepreneurial intellectual capital, market value and financial performance through analyzing on open data of small and medium technology-based listed companies. The
研究一采用半结构化访谈法和关键行为事件访谈技术,以24家中小高技术创业企业为研究对象,通过多重案例总结高技术企业创业成长模式,初步识别了响高技术企业成长的三个核心要素,即创业知识资本、创业策略和技术创业环境。访谈及案例分析指出,创业知识资本、创业策略与技术创业环境之间的互动是高技术企业成长的有效模式,从而为后续研究奠定了初步的构思框架。
研究二分为两个子研究。子研究一采用多层次行为问卷调查法,以105家中小高新技术创业企业及其员工为样本,验证高技术企业创业知识资本结构及与创业成长绩效的关系,同时检验不同创业阶段知识资本结构的动态变化。通过探索性分析和验证性因素分析,对高技术企业创业知识资本的二维结构模型、三维结构模型和四维结构模型进行了比较验证,证明了高技术企业创业知识资本结构由人力资本、结构资本、客户资本和创新资本四个维度构成;且多维度结构模型具有较好的区分效度和聚合效度。研究结果指出,技术企业的创业结构资本和创新资本对创业竞争绩效和潜力绩效具有显著正效应,人力资本对创业潜力绩效具有一定程度的正效应,客户资本对创业竞争绩效具有一定程度的正效应。研究还揭示了在不同创业阶段和组织背景下,创业知识资本结构会发生一定程度的动态变化。子研究二采用中小企业板高技术上市公司的公开数据资料,从另一角度验证中小高技术企业创业知识资本与公司市场价值和财务绩效之间的关系。研究结果表明,我国高技术上市公司的人力资本、结构资本和客户资本对公司市场价值增
The problem of new venture growth is becoming a focus in entrepreneurship theory field and in practical. The relevant research conducted before failed to announce the difference of the growth process between Hi-tech enterprises and traditional ones, or to tell us the reason why Hi-tech enterprises had more chance to grow into high performance firms. The knowledge-based view of firm and the theory of intellectual capital served as theoretical foundation for the research on technology-based new venture growth from a new viewpoint. Technological entrepreneurship was known as a process of cognizing market, finding market, pursuing market, and creating heterogeneous outputs including product or service through integrating knowledge resources. The success of technological entrepreneurship depended on the heterogeneous knowledge owed by technology entrepreneurs or entrepreneurial team. When the heterogeneous knowledge being integrated with entrepreneurial cognition, knowledge resources would set up newly, then unique value would be created, and as a result entrepreneurial profits be gained. Based on the knowledge-based view of firm and the theory of intellectual capital, the research put forward a theoretical construct model about the growth of Hi-tech enterprises motivated by entrepreneurial intellectual capital, and had launched a series of research that was correlated with. The whole research tried to focus on some important organizational variables, such as entrepreneurial intellectual capital, technology strategy, human resources behavior, technology entrepreneurial environment, and new venture performance.In study I, 24 small and medium Hi-tech enterprises were investigated as samples via semi-structured interviews and behavioral event interviews. The study summarized the growth modes of such enterprises, and identified three key elements that had made impaction on venture growth. Through studied a series of cases, the three key elements were announced as entrepreneurial intellectual capital, entrepreneurial strategy and technology entrepreneurial environment. The analysis of the interviews and cases revealed that the interaction of the above-mentioned three elements was the effective growth modes for Hi-tech enterprises. The result of this study established a preliminary construct framework for follow-up studies.The study II was divided into two sub-studies. The sub-study I investigated 105 small and medium Hi-tech enterprises and their stuff via multilevel behavioral questionnaires. It tried to validate the structural dimensions of entrepreneurial intellectual capital, the relationship of entrepreneurial intellectual capital and venture growth, and verify the dynamic change of entrepreneurial intellectual capital in different entrepreneurial stage. Through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory
factor analysis, the study contrasted the two-dimensional model, three-dimensional model as well as four-dimensional model of entrepreneurial intellectual capital in technology new firms, which result proved the model of entrepreneurial intellectual capital structured by four dimensions of human capital, structural capital, customer capital and innovation capital. The multidimensional structural model had acceptable convergent validity and discriminant validity. This sub-study I revealed that entrepreneurial structural capital, combined with innovation capital, had a prominent positive effect on competitive performance and potential performance, while human capital had a certain effect on potential performance, and customer capital had a little positive effect on competitive performance. Furthermore, the study also pointed out that the structural dimensions of entrepreneurial intellectual capital would change dynamically according to different entrepreneurial stage and organizational background. The sub-study II also tried to validate the relationship among entrepreneurial intellectual capital, market value and financial performance through analyzing on open data of small and medium technology-based listed companies. The
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