中国城市创意经济发展政策及其效果研究
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摘要
创意经济是现代都市的灵魂。创意时代的城市将更主要依靠人的创意和创新能力来推动其在全球经济中的发展。极富创造力的城市创意经济活动是创意时代城市活力的重要来源，它将推动城市产业发展形态和社会运作方式发生根本性变化。由于创意产业与城市经济发展关系密切，发达国家已从较成熟的创意产业发展中获得丰厚的利益，并因此赢得了良好的城市形象。目前，几乎所有的国际性大都市都将创意城市作为未来城市的发展目标。随着创意经济在现代城市经济中的崛起，发展中国家许多城市也将创意城市作为未来的发展目标。例如，中国先后共有18个城市提出建设创意型城市。然而，发展中国家创意经济是可以创建的吗？如果可以的话，又是如何创建的呢？建设的效果如何？对此，目前的文献尚未给出令人满意的答案。为此，本文在对中国城市创意经济发展现状进行描述和测算的基础上，对政府政策在促进城市创意产业发展、构建创意城市过程中所起的作用进行实证研究，以期弥补现有研究的不足，并为发展中国家创意产业发展和创意城市建设提供经验借鉴。
Creative economy is the soul of a modern city. A city in the creative era,especially the development of a metropolis, will largely rely on the creativity andingenuity of people to promote its competitiveness in the global economy. Highlyinnovative creative economic activities are important sources of urban vitality increative times, which will promote fundamental changes in urban culturalcommunications structure, industrial development patterns and societal operationalmodes. Because of the close connections between creative industries and urbaneconomic development, developed countries have gained a lot of benefits from themore mature creative industry development and have established good city image.Currently, almost all international cities have chosen creative city as their future urbandevelopment goals. With the rise of creative economy in modern urban economy,many cities in developing countries have also had creative city as their futuredevelopment goals. For instance, 18 cities in China have proposed to build a creativecity according to incomplete statistics. However, can developing countries buildcreative economy? If so, how can they build it and how about the results? In thisregard, existing literature cannot give a satisfactory answer. This paper, on the basis ofmeasurement and description of China’s urban creative economy development, carriedout an empirical research on the function of government policy in promoting urbancreative industry development and in the process of constructing creative cities. Themain goal is to compensate for the deficiency of existing research and to providelearning experiences in creative industry development and creative city constructionfor developing countries.
Creative economy is the soul of a modern city. A city in the creative era,especially the development of a metropolis, will largely rely on the creativity andingenuity of people to promote its competitiveness in the global economy. Highlyinnovative creative economic activities are important sources of urban vitality increative times, which will promote fundamental changes in urban culturalcommunications structure, industrial development patterns and societal operationalmodes. Because of the close connections between creative industries and urbaneconomic development, developed countries have gained a lot of benefits from themore mature creative industry development and have established good city image.Currently, almost all international cities have chosen creative city as their future urbandevelopment goals. With the rise of creative economy in modern urban economy,many cities in developing countries have also had creative city as their futuredevelopment goals. For instance, 18 cities in China have proposed to build a creativecity according to incomplete statistics. However, can developing countries buildcreative economy? If so, how can they build it and how about the results? In thisregard, existing literature cannot give a satisfactory answer. This paper, on the basis ofmeasurement and description of China’s urban creative economy development, carriedout an empirical research on the function of government policy in promoting urbancreative industry development and in the process of constructing creative cities. Themain goal is to compensate for the deficiency of existing research and to providelearning experiences in creative industry development and creative city constructionfor developing countries.
引文
[1]查尔斯,兰德利.创意城市:如何打造都市创意生活圈[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2009:123-149.
[2]胡希.创业公共政策研究————基于激励创业者进入的视角[M].北京：经济科学出版社, 2010:49–67,110-116.
[3]张京城.中国创意产业发展报告2011[M].北京:中国经济出版社, 2011:35-47.
[4]Frank Fischer. Reframing Public Policy: Discursive Politics andDeliberative Practices[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003:215-269.
[5]Hall, P.G.Cities in civilization[M]. New York: Pantheon Books, 1998:72-103.
[6]Landry: The Creative City: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators[M]. London:Earthscan Publications, 2000:47-69.
[7]Mario Polèse and Richard E.Stern. The Social Sustainability of Cities:Diversity and the Management of Change[M]. University of TorontoPress, 2000:210-237.
[8]Richard Florida. The Rise of The Creative Class[M]. New York: BasicBooks, 2002:39-74.
[9]Richard Florida. Cities and The Creative Class[M]. New York:Routledge, 2004:40-66.
[1]徐玉红,唐勇.创意城市:西方的经验及借鉴[A].和谐城市规划——2007中国城市规划年会论文集[C], 2007(09):1577-1584.
[1]Florida and Tinagli: Europe in the creative age[R]. London: Demos,2004:42-44.
[1]郑晓东.创意城市的路径选择[D].上海社会科学院博士论文, 2008(09):18-123.
[1]蒂墨格尔,杰夫·萨克斯等.地理位置与优惠政策对中国地区经济发展的相关贡献[J].经济研究, 2002(09):14-92.
[2]董秋霞，高长春.我国创意产业园区竞争力评价指标体系研究与实证分析——以上海市创意产业园区为例[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版),2010(03):65-71.
[3]巩艳芬,曹微,魏希柱.中国创意城市发展的战略方法研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2010(12):94-98.
[4]蒋雁,吴克烈.基于因子分析的创意产业区影响因素模型研究——以杭州四大创意产业区为例[J].上海经济研究, 2009(01):65-72.
[5]厉无畏,王慧敏.创意产业促进经济增长方式转变——机理·模式·路径[J].中国工业经济, 2006(11):5-13.
[6]厉无畏.创意社群与创意产业的持续发展[J].社会科学, 2010(07):36-43.
[7]刘平.外创意城市的实践与经验启示[J].社会科学, 2010(11):26-34.
[8]梁朝晖.创意绩效:创意经济的微观视角分析[J].南华大学学报(社会科学版), 2009(08):30-34.
[9]李明超.英国创意城市兴起的基础与启示[J].国际城市规划, 2010(08):42-49.
[10]林兆群,潘海啸.创意城市经营战略之研究——以欧洲三城市为例[J].人文地理, 2010(02):18-22,122.
[11]孙俊辉,潘瑾.基于GEM模型上海创意产业集群竞争力分析[J].中国市场, 2010(11):164-169.
[12]王克婴,王艳.新加坡的创意城市建设及其借鉴意义[J].理论与现代化, 2009(6):16-20.
[13]王慧敏.创意城市的创新理念、模式与路径[J].社会科学,2010(11):4-12.
[14]王如东.基于三螺旋的创意城市研究——以苏州工业园区为例[J].上海管理科学, 2008(10):78-81.
[15]王志成,谢佩洪,陈继祥.城市发展创意产业的影响因素分析及实证研究[J].中国工业经济, 2007(08):49-57.
[16]肖永亮,姜振宇.创意城市和创意指数研究[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版), 2010(6):49-57.
[17]徐彦武,胡俊成.战略、机制和产业——南京市加快构建创意城市的发展框架[J].现代城市研究, 2009(4):46-53.
[18]杨勣,周任远,高长春.创意经济中创意市场化的演化博弈分析[J].科技进步与对策, 2009(07):57-60.
[1]Ashworth, G.J., Voogt, H. Marketing and place promotion[J]. PlacePromotion, the Use of Publicity and Marketing to Sell Towns andRegions, 1994(17):39-51.
[2]Gert-Jan Hospers. Creative Cities: Breeding Places in the KnowledgeEconomy[J]. Knowledge,echnology,& Policy, 2003(8):143-162.
[3]Glaeser, E. L. Review of Richard Florida's The rise of the creativeclass[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2005(35):593-596.
[4]Howkins. Understanding the Engine of Creativity in a Creative Economy[J]. World Intellectual, 2005(6):20-22.
[5]Jennie Ha kansson, Per Jensen. Behavioural and morphological variationbetween captive populations of red junglefowl(Gallus gallus)possible implications for conservation[J].Biological Conservation,2005(122): 431-43.
[2]胡希.创业公共政策研究————基于激励创业者进入的视角[M].北京：经济科学出版社, 2010:49–67,110-116.
[3]张京城.中国创意产业发展报告2011[M].北京:中国经济出版社, 2011:35-47.
[4]Frank Fischer. Reframing Public Policy: Discursive Politics andDeliberative Practices[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003:215-269.
[5]Hall, P.G.Cities in civilization[M]. New York: Pantheon Books, 1998:72-103.
[6]Landry: The Creative City: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators[M]. London:Earthscan Publications, 2000:47-69.
[7]Mario Polèse and Richard E.Stern. The Social Sustainability of Cities:Diversity and the Management of Change[M]. University of TorontoPress, 2000:210-237.
[8]Richard Florida. The Rise of The Creative Class[M]. New York: BasicBooks, 2002:39-74.
[9]Richard Florida. Cities and The Creative Class[M]. New York:Routledge, 2004:40-66.
[1]徐玉红,唐勇.创意城市:西方的经验及借鉴[A].和谐城市规划——2007中国城市规划年会论文集[C], 2007(09):1577-1584.
[1]Florida and Tinagli: Europe in the creative age[R]. London: Demos,2004:42-44.
[1]郑晓东.创意城市的路径选择[D].上海社会科学院博士论文, 2008(09):18-123.
[1]蒂墨格尔,杰夫·萨克斯等.地理位置与优惠政策对中国地区经济发展的相关贡献[J].经济研究, 2002(09):14-92.
[2]董秋霞，高长春.我国创意产业园区竞争力评价指标体系研究与实证分析——以上海市创意产业园区为例[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版),2010(03):65-71.
[3]巩艳芬,曹微,魏希柱.中国创意城市发展的战略方法研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2010(12):94-98.
[4]蒋雁,吴克烈.基于因子分析的创意产业区影响因素模型研究——以杭州四大创意产业区为例[J].上海经济研究, 2009(01):65-72.
[5]厉无畏,王慧敏.创意产业促进经济增长方式转变——机理·模式·路径[J].中国工业经济, 2006(11):5-13.
[6]厉无畏.创意社群与创意产业的持续发展[J].社会科学, 2010(07):36-43.
[7]刘平.外创意城市的实践与经验启示[J].社会科学, 2010(11):26-34.
[8]梁朝晖.创意绩效:创意经济的微观视角分析[J].南华大学学报(社会科学版), 2009(08):30-34.
[9]李明超.英国创意城市兴起的基础与启示[J].国际城市规划, 2010(08):42-49.
[10]林兆群,潘海啸.创意城市经营战略之研究——以欧洲三城市为例[J].人文地理, 2010(02):18-22,122.
[11]孙俊辉,潘瑾.基于GEM模型上海创意产业集群竞争力分析[J].中国市场, 2010(11):164-169.
[12]王克婴,王艳.新加坡的创意城市建设及其借鉴意义[J].理论与现代化, 2009(6):16-20.
[13]王慧敏.创意城市的创新理念、模式与路径[J].社会科学,2010(11):4-12.
[14]王如东.基于三螺旋的创意城市研究——以苏州工业园区为例[J].上海管理科学, 2008(10):78-81.
[15]王志成,谢佩洪,陈继祥.城市发展创意产业的影响因素分析及实证研究[J].中国工业经济, 2007(08):49-57.
[16]肖永亮,姜振宇.创意城市和创意指数研究[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版), 2010(6):49-57.
[17]徐彦武,胡俊成.战略、机制和产业——南京市加快构建创意城市的发展框架[J].现代城市研究, 2009(4):46-53.
[18]杨勣,周任远,高长春.创意经济中创意市场化的演化博弈分析[J].科技进步与对策, 2009(07):57-60.
[1]Ashworth, G.J., Voogt, H. Marketing and place promotion[J]. PlacePromotion, the Use of Publicity and Marketing to Sell Towns andRegions, 1994(17):39-51.
[2]Gert-Jan Hospers. Creative Cities: Breeding Places in the KnowledgeEconomy[J]. Knowledge,echnology,& Policy, 2003(8):143-162.
[3]Glaeser, E. L. Review of Richard Florida's The rise of the creativeclass[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2005(35):593-596.
[4]Howkins. Understanding the Engine of Creativity in a Creative Economy[J]. World Intellectual, 2005(6):20-22.
[5]Jennie Ha kansson, Per Jensen. Behavioural and morphological variationbetween captive populations of red junglefowl(Gallus gallus)possible implications for conservation[J].Biological Conservation,2005(122): 431-43.