供应链协同产品创新影响因素与运行管理机制研究
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摘要
供应链协同产品创新作为新型和具有发展潜力的产品创新模式，成为企业应对市场变化和塑造产品竞争优势的有效方式。然而，理论研究落后于实践需求的现实问题，对它的发展产生了诸多不利影响。一方面供应链协同产品创新影响因素较多并且复杂，企业需建立有效的运行管理机制，另一方面供应链协同产品创新理论研究相对滞后，企业缺乏有效的理论和方法指导，难于获得预期绩效。识别供应链协同产品创新影响因素，并建立有效的运行管理机制，成为理论研究和企业实践亟需解决的问题。围绕此核心问题，论文主要做了以下工作：
（1）供应链协同产品创新影响因素研究。在理论梳理和企业调研基础上，明确了供应链协同产品创新影响因素的六个研究维度和供应链协同产品创新效果的测度内容；提出了各因素对供应链协同产品创新效果影响关系的研究假设，并以此构建了供应链协同产品创新影响因素理论模型；通过问卷调查并运用结构方程模型方法，以174例制造企业供应链为研究样本，对理论模型进行了实证检验；检验结果揭示出各因素对供应链协同产品创新效果的影响关系，进而提出供应链协同产品创新运行管理需解决的关键问题。
（2）供应链协同产品创新伙伴组合选择和任务分配机制研究。综合考虑备选伙伴间合作关系、产品创新资源强度以及伙伴间相容性等问题，引入灰色关联度方法，提出了基于产品创新资源的供应链协同产品创新伙伴组合选择方法；综合考虑产品创新任务特点以及成员企业胜任能力、工作效率、工作质量和消耗成本方面的差异，提出供应链协同产品创新任务分配问题的相关矩阵，构建了任务分配多目标优化数学模型并给出了求解流程。
（3）供应链协同产品创新知识共享促进机制研究。分析了供应链协同产品创新知识共享的基本特征、过程模式及影响因素；从解决知识共享客体和主体障碍角度，分别提出供应链协同产品创新知识集成机制和知识共享激励机制；运用委托代理理论建立了供应链协同产品创新一次知识共享契约和重复知识共享契约数理模型，并对两种契约激励机制进行了比较分析。
（4）供应链协同产品创新收益分配机制研究。从收益分配总体思路、分配方法设计和分配流程等三方面对供应链协同产品创新收益分配问题进行了系统分析，提出了收益分配的基本特征、基本原则及关键影响因素，构建了SHAPELY修正的供应链协同产品创新收益分配模型，并设计了模型参数的确定方法。
As a new and potential product innovation model, collaborative productinnovation in supply chain becomes an effective mode to respond to the marketchanges and form the competitive advantage. However, the practical problem thattheory behind the practice needs has a negative effect. On the one hand, there aremore complicated influencing factors of the collaborative product innovation insupply chain and the enterprises need to build the effective operating managementmechanism; on the other hand, it is difficult for the enterprises to achieve the expectedcollaborative product innovation performance due to the lack of system knowledgeand instructive methods. Consequently, identifying the influencing factors andbuilding the valid operating management mechanism become an urgent need for bothresearch and practice. This thesis has emphasized two important parts mentionedabove and done the following work:
(1) Research on the influencing factors of the collaborative product innovation insupply chain. Drawing from theory and practice survey, this thesis reveals sixinfluencing factors and measurable content of the collaborative product innovationeffect, and constructs a theoretical model of the influencing factors based on thehypotheses for the effect of various factors on collaborative product innovation. Usingdata from174manufacturing enterprises, this thesis has done the empirical test ontheoretical model with Structural Equation Model. Empirical evidence clearsinfluence relationship of various factors on collaborative product innovation effectand also shows the critical problems to be resolved of collaborative productinnovation management in supply chain.
(2) Research on the partners in portfolio selection and task allocation mechanismof the collaborative product innovation in supply chain. Taking into account ofcollaborative relationship of alternative partners, resource strength of productinnovation and compatibility of the partners, this thesis gives the partners in portfolioselection method of the collaborative product innovation in supply chain based onproduct innovation resource by Grey Relational Analysis. Taking into account of thetask character of the product innovation and differences in competency, efficiency,quality of work and cost of the members of the enterprise, this thesis gives task allocation matrix of the collaborative product innovation in supply chain, and further,mult-objective optimization mathematical model of the task allocation is constructedand the solving process is given.
(3) Research on the knowledge sharing motivation mechanism of thecollaborative product innovation in supply chain. This thesis discusses thefundamental characteristics, process mode and influencing factors of the knowledgesharing of the collaborative product innovation in supply chain and raises respectivelyintegration mechanism and incentive mechanism from the solving obstacle of theobject and subject of the knowledge sharing. Only one knowledge sharing contractand repeated knowledge sharing contract of the incentive mechanism are developedapplying principal-agent theory and comparison analysis has attained.
(4) Research on the income distribution mechanism of the collaborative productinnovation in supply chain. Conclusions of this part mainly come from three parts:general idea, distribution method and distribution process of the collaborative productinnovation in supply chain. Specifically, this thesis proposes the basic characteristics,principles and key factors of the income distribution, builds income distributionmodel based on the correction SHAPELY and discusses the determinant method ofthe model parameters.
（1）供应链协同产品创新影响因素研究。在理论梳理和企业调研基础上，明确了供应链协同产品创新影响因素的六个研究维度和供应链协同产品创新效果的测度内容；提出了各因素对供应链协同产品创新效果影响关系的研究假设，并以此构建了供应链协同产品创新影响因素理论模型；通过问卷调查并运用结构方程模型方法，以174例制造企业供应链为研究样本，对理论模型进行了实证检验；检验结果揭示出各因素对供应链协同产品创新效果的影响关系，进而提出供应链协同产品创新运行管理需解决的关键问题。
（2）供应链协同产品创新伙伴组合选择和任务分配机制研究。综合考虑备选伙伴间合作关系、产品创新资源强度以及伙伴间相容性等问题，引入灰色关联度方法，提出了基于产品创新资源的供应链协同产品创新伙伴组合选择方法；综合考虑产品创新任务特点以及成员企业胜任能力、工作效率、工作质量和消耗成本方面的差异，提出供应链协同产品创新任务分配问题的相关矩阵，构建了任务分配多目标优化数学模型并给出了求解流程。
（3）供应链协同产品创新知识共享促进机制研究。分析了供应链协同产品创新知识共享的基本特征、过程模式及影响因素；从解决知识共享客体和主体障碍角度，分别提出供应链协同产品创新知识集成机制和知识共享激励机制；运用委托代理理论建立了供应链协同产品创新一次知识共享契约和重复知识共享契约数理模型，并对两种契约激励机制进行了比较分析。
（4）供应链协同产品创新收益分配机制研究。从收益分配总体思路、分配方法设计和分配流程等三方面对供应链协同产品创新收益分配问题进行了系统分析，提出了收益分配的基本特征、基本原则及关键影响因素，构建了SHAPELY修正的供应链协同产品创新收益分配模型，并设计了模型参数的确定方法。
As a new and potential product innovation model, collaborative productinnovation in supply chain becomes an effective mode to respond to the marketchanges and form the competitive advantage. However, the practical problem thattheory behind the practice needs has a negative effect. On the one hand, there aremore complicated influencing factors of the collaborative product innovation insupply chain and the enterprises need to build the effective operating managementmechanism; on the other hand, it is difficult for the enterprises to achieve the expectedcollaborative product innovation performance due to the lack of system knowledgeand instructive methods. Consequently, identifying the influencing factors andbuilding the valid operating management mechanism become an urgent need for bothresearch and practice. This thesis has emphasized two important parts mentionedabove and done the following work:
(1) Research on the influencing factors of the collaborative product innovation insupply chain. Drawing from theory and practice survey, this thesis reveals sixinfluencing factors and measurable content of the collaborative product innovationeffect, and constructs a theoretical model of the influencing factors based on thehypotheses for the effect of various factors on collaborative product innovation. Usingdata from174manufacturing enterprises, this thesis has done the empirical test ontheoretical model with Structural Equation Model. Empirical evidence clearsinfluence relationship of various factors on collaborative product innovation effectand also shows the critical problems to be resolved of collaborative productinnovation management in supply chain.
(2) Research on the partners in portfolio selection and task allocation mechanismof the collaborative product innovation in supply chain. Taking into account ofcollaborative relationship of alternative partners, resource strength of productinnovation and compatibility of the partners, this thesis gives the partners in portfolioselection method of the collaborative product innovation in supply chain based onproduct innovation resource by Grey Relational Analysis. Taking into account of thetask character of the product innovation and differences in competency, efficiency,quality of work and cost of the members of the enterprise, this thesis gives task allocation matrix of the collaborative product innovation in supply chain, and further,mult-objective optimization mathematical model of the task allocation is constructedand the solving process is given.
(3) Research on the knowledge sharing motivation mechanism of thecollaborative product innovation in supply chain. This thesis discusses thefundamental characteristics, process mode and influencing factors of the knowledgesharing of the collaborative product innovation in supply chain and raises respectivelyintegration mechanism and incentive mechanism from the solving obstacle of theobject and subject of the knowledge sharing. Only one knowledge sharing contractand repeated knowledge sharing contract of the incentive mechanism are developedapplying principal-agent theory and comparison analysis has attained.
(4) Research on the income distribution mechanism of the collaborative productinnovation in supply chain. Conclusions of this part mainly come from three parts:general idea, distribution method and distribution process of the collaborative productinnovation in supply chain. Specifically, this thesis proposes the basic characteristics,principles and key factors of the income distribution, builds income distributionmodel based on the correction SHAPELY and discusses the determinant method ofthe model parameters.
引文
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