高校非中文专业学生语文能力与专业能力培养的思考
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摘要
本文主要就高校非中文专业学生汉语语文能力与专业能力并重问题进行讨论。
     高校非中文专业学生语文能力的高低将影响到他们的学习、生活、工作,影响到整个高校教育的成效甚至整个民族素质的提高。因此,注重高校非中文专业学生专业能力与语文能力的培养成为不容忽视的问题。
     语文能力是一个人正确的理解和综合运用祖国语言文字的能力,它体现在三个层面:第一层面是对汉语的读、听、说、写能力;第二层面是审美能力和创造能力;第三层面是人文精神和素质。专业能力则是学生分析、研究、解决某一项专门领域中问题的能力。他们之间存在着密切的关系:语文能力是学习专业知识、形成专业能力、进行专业科学研究的必备条件,中外重点高校都对语文及语文能力相当重视。
     由于语文能力与专业能力并重课题的必要性,笔者对重庆市部分高校非中文专业学生语文能力的现状以问卷的形式进行了调查,结果显示:
     许多学生对语文能力的界定以及与专业能力之间的联系并不明确;在语文能力的构成中,学生“听的能力”是四种能力中最强的,其次是“读的能力”,而“写的能力”和“说的能力”则比较弱,尤其是“说的能力”;部分学校还存在着过于注重专业知识的学习和专业能力的培养,而忽略语文能力的培养的情况,尤其是理工科学校。
     由此可以看出,语文课程学习与语文能力的提高显然没有得到应有的重视。这样容易误导学生只注重专业知识的学习和专业能力的培养,轻视其他知识尤其是最具代表性的语文知识的学习及能力的培养,这将对学生的全面而综合的素质形成和提高及今后的事业发展极为不利。
     怎样才能对高校非中文专业学生的语文能力与专业能力并重呢?
    
    1.转变观念,提高认识,加强对高校非中文专业学生语文能力与专业能力并重的
    问题的重视。
    2.让高校非中文专业学生明确自己应该具备的语文能力及作用。
     高校非中文专业学生所应具备的语文能力,我们可以从阅读能力、写字能力、
    写作能力、说话能力、审美能力、创造能力、人文素质等几个方面进行界定c
    3.合理的设置语文课程与专业课程,以强化和保证高校非中文专业学生的语文教育
    与语文能力的提高。
    4.组织好日常教学,增强课堂教学效果,促进语文能力和专业能力的形成和提高。
    5.完善考试、考查制度,建立能力测评体系。
    1)由于高校非中文专业的学生的能力构成中不仅有专业能力,更还有语文能力,
    能力测评体系应包括语文能力与专业能力以及其他能力。
    2)以文理并重为指导,建立语文能力与专业能力均衡的体系。
    3)从全面、整体、长远的角度出发,对语文能力的各个方面进行测评。
The paper is to argue that Chinese language and major abilities of non-Chinese majors are equal in importance.
    The Chinese language abilities of non-Chinese majors have a great influence not only on their own study, life and work but also on the achievement of our college education and the enhancement of the whole nation. Therefore, great emphasis should be attached to the cultivation of major abilities and Chinese language abilities of non-Chinese majors.
    On one hand, 'Chinese language abilities' refer to the ability of correct understanding and comprehensive use of the mother language. The abilities are a compound of three levels. First, the ability to read, listen, speak and write. Second, the ability to appreciate and create. Third, humanity spirit and qualities. 'Major abilities', on the other hand, refer to the ability to analyze, study, and solve the problems found in a certain special field. Chinese language abilities precondition the learning of major knowledge, acquisition of major abilities and the execution of major researches, so Chinese language abilities and major abilities are closely related. Therefore, both in-state and oversea universities put a great importance on Chinese language learning and Chinese language abilities.
    Since a research is necessary for attesting that Chinese abilities and major abilities are equally important, the author of this paper made an inquiry into the Chinese language abilities of non-Chiense majors of some colleges in Chong Qing, which gives the result:
    A lot of students don't have a full knowledge about the definition of Chinese language abilities and the relationship between Chinese language abilities and major abilities. Among all the Chinese language abilities, the students' listening ability is the
    
    
    best, then follow reading ability and writing ability while speaking ability comes last. Some colleges, especially the colleges of science and engineering, put an undue importance on the learning of major knowledge and the cultivation of major abilities while overlooking the cultivation of Chinese language abilities. This tells us that due importance is not given to the learning of Chinese curriculum and the enhancement of Chinese language abilities, which is likely to lead the students to study only their majors and develop their major abilities while overlooking the cultivation of other abilities, especially Chinese language abilities. This is very bad for the acquisition of all-side qualities and the betterment of our education in future.
    What then should be done before equal importance is put on Chinese language abilities and major abilities of non-Chinese majors?
    First, to change our views and be more aware that equal importance should be given to Chinese language abilities and major abilities of non-Chinese majors.
    Second, to make non-Chinese majors know what Chinese language abilities they should be possessed of and how the abilities are useful.
    The definition of Chinese abilities can be approached from five angles: reading ability, writing ability, speaking ability, the ability to appreciate and create, plus the quality of humanity.
    Third, to devise in a scientific way Chinese curriculum and major curriculum in order to guarantee the elevation of Chinese language abilities of non-Chinese majors.
    Fourth, to organize well the routine teaching, better the effect of classes and accelerate the formation and enhancement of both Chinese language abilities and major abilities.
    Fifth, to perfect test institution and establish ability evaluation system.
    Since the abilities of non-Chinese majors include Chinese language abilities as well as major abilities, the ability evaluation system should be invested with the evaluation of Chinese language abilities, major abilities and other abilities.
    Under the guidance of the rule that arts and science are equally important, we should establish a system in which Chinese language abilities and major abilities are given equal importance.
    Give an all-side evaluation to Chinese language abilities from
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