管道内障碍物对可燃气体燃爆影响的仿真研究
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摘要
气体爆炸事故每年都会造成重大的经济损失和人员伤亡。受限空间气体燃烧爆炸发展过程较为复杂,空间内可燃气体爆燃所产生的爆炸波对空间内和空间以外的设施建筑都会物造成破坏,特别是在现实环境下,空间内会放置各种形状不一、大小不同、间距随意的生产设施,空间内这些障碍物的存在,发生气体爆炸后,会对爆炸的压力及速度等产生很大的影响。因此,对空间内有障碍物可燃气体爆炸的研究是安全生产领域的主要课题之一,具有十分重要的社会和经济意义。目前,对空间内有障碍物可燃气体爆炸进行研究主要依靠实验,采用实验研究的方法设备投资较大,费用高昂,而且操作起来也比较困难,再加上一些其它方面的技术原因,所能采集到的实验数据往往是十分有限的,因此,仅依靠单纯的实验研究具有较大的局限性,而在实验研究的基础上开展数值模拟研究则是一种有效的方法,这样不仅可以节省大量的人力、物力和财力,还可以获得比实验数据更多、更全面的计算结果,更有助于深入了解管道内可燃气体爆炸的发生、发展过程。
本论文的工作正是依托中北大学自行研制的“管道式气体粉尘爆炸试验装置”和相应的实验数据进行管道内置障碍物密闭空间甲烷/空气预混气体爆炸的仿真研究,本文主要基于均相反应流时均方程组、κ-ε湍流模型和EBU-Arrhenius燃烧模型,建立了均相湍流燃烧流动的理论模型。利用SIMPLEC算法,对内置障碍物受限空间内甲烷/空气预混气体爆炸过程进行了二维空间的数值模拟。利用本文建立的数值模型,研究了管道内不同障碍物形状、不同数量、不同间距对火焰传播阵面、速度和压力的影响,得到了有益的结论。通过将数值模拟的结果与实验数据、文献资料进行比较,说明了本文建立的气体爆炸的数值模型可以比较准确地对管道内气体爆炸过程进行模拟计算和数值分析。
Gas explosion accidents would lead to great economic damage and people's hurt every year. The process of gas combustion and explosion in the limited space is very complicated. The explosion wave in space caused by explosion of combustive gas would destroy the infrastructure in or out the space. Especially, in the real circumstance, the manufacture equipments, which are not regular with the shape, size and span, have significant influence in the exploding pressure and velocity. Therefore, the research about the combustive gas explosion in space is the major issue in the safety manufacturing field, which has the important social and economic meaning. Nowadays, the research about the combustive gas with the obstacle in space mainly depends on the way of the experiments, and this method has high equipment's investment, high cost and difficult in practices. It also could get very limited experiment's data for some technical reason. Therefore, the way of only relying on the experiment research has limitation, and the numerical simulation based on the experiments is an effective method. Thus, this way could not only save many manpower, material, financial resources, get more comprehensive computing results, be helpful to deeply understand the total process of the combustive gas's exploding in pipeline.
The dissertation is based on the horizontal pipeline combustible gas-dust explosion device and the relevant data developed by the NUC, and research the methane / air premixed gas explosion in sealed pipe with inside obstacles by the way of stimulation. The theoretical modal of homogenous turbulent combustion flow has been established based on the time-averaged equations of homogenous reaction flow, k -εturbulent model and EBU-Arrhenius's combustion modal. The exploding process of methane / air premixed gas explosion in limited space with inside obstacles is numerically stimulated by the SIMPLEC algorithm in two dimension space. By the numerical modal in this dissertation, it is demonstrated about the influences upon the flaming spread plane, velocity and pressure under the different size, quantity, span of obstacles in pipeline, and the helpful conclusion is get. By the comparison between the numerical stimulation's results and the experiment's data, related documents, it is illustrated that the numerical modal about the gas exploding in this dissertation could relatively and precisely stimulation computation and numerical analysis towards the gas exploding in pipeline.
本论文的工作正是依托中北大学自行研制的“管道式气体粉尘爆炸试验装置”和相应的实验数据进行管道内置障碍物密闭空间甲烷/空气预混气体爆炸的仿真研究,本文主要基于均相反应流时均方程组、κ-ε湍流模型和EBU-Arrhenius燃烧模型,建立了均相湍流燃烧流动的理论模型。利用SIMPLEC算法,对内置障碍物受限空间内甲烷/空气预混气体爆炸过程进行了二维空间的数值模拟。利用本文建立的数值模型,研究了管道内不同障碍物形状、不同数量、不同间距对火焰传播阵面、速度和压力的影响,得到了有益的结论。通过将数值模拟的结果与实验数据、文献资料进行比较,说明了本文建立的气体爆炸的数值模型可以比较准确地对管道内气体爆炸过程进行模拟计算和数值分析。
Gas explosion accidents would lead to great economic damage and people's hurt every year. The process of gas combustion and explosion in the limited space is very complicated. The explosion wave in space caused by explosion of combustive gas would destroy the infrastructure in or out the space. Especially, in the real circumstance, the manufacture equipments, which are not regular with the shape, size and span, have significant influence in the exploding pressure and velocity. Therefore, the research about the combustive gas explosion in space is the major issue in the safety manufacturing field, which has the important social and economic meaning. Nowadays, the research about the combustive gas with the obstacle in space mainly depends on the way of the experiments, and this method has high equipment's investment, high cost and difficult in practices. It also could get very limited experiment's data for some technical reason. Therefore, the way of only relying on the experiment research has limitation, and the numerical simulation based on the experiments is an effective method. Thus, this way could not only save many manpower, material, financial resources, get more comprehensive computing results, be helpful to deeply understand the total process of the combustive gas's exploding in pipeline.
The dissertation is based on the horizontal pipeline combustible gas-dust explosion device and the relevant data developed by the NUC, and research the methane / air premixed gas explosion in sealed pipe with inside obstacles by the way of stimulation. The theoretical modal of homogenous turbulent combustion flow has been established based on the time-averaged equations of homogenous reaction flow, k -εturbulent model and EBU-Arrhenius's combustion modal. The exploding process of methane / air premixed gas explosion in limited space with inside obstacles is numerically stimulated by the SIMPLEC algorithm in two dimension space. By the numerical modal in this dissertation, it is demonstrated about the influences upon the flaming spread plane, velocity and pressure under the different size, quantity, span of obstacles in pipeline, and the helpful conclusion is get. By the comparison between the numerical stimulation's results and the experiment's data, related documents, it is illustrated that the numerical modal about the gas exploding in this dissertation could relatively and precisely stimulation computation and numerical analysis towards the gas exploding in pipeline.
引文
[1]丛立新,毕明树,肖传冰.半球条栅型障碍物对可燃气云爆燃压力波的影响.煤炭学报,2007,32(5):509-512
[2]谢波,范宝春,王克全,夏自柱.挡板障碍物加速火焰传播及其超压变化的实验研究.煤炭学报,2002,27(6):627-630
[3]叶经方,范宝春,应展烽,陈志华,董刚.甲烷—空气预混火焰越过不同形状障碍物的实验研究.实验流体力学,2006,20(4):40-44
[4]王亚军,黄平,李生才.2006年11-12月国内安全事故统计分析.安全与环境学报,2007,2(1):154-157
[5]毕明树.管道内可燃气体爆燃的一维数值模拟.天然气工业,2003,23(4):89-92
[6]余立新,孙文超,吴承康.障碍物扰动对预混火焰发展的影响.中国科学(E报),2003,33(5):420-428
[7]Evan M W,Scheer M D,Schoen L J et al.A study of high velocity flames developed by grids in tubes.Industry process of 3rd symposium(International)on combustion.Pittsburgh:Combustionlnstitute,1949,49:168-185
[8]Moen I.O.,Lee J.H.S.Pressure Deveopment Due to Turbulent Flame Propagation in Large-Scale Methane-Air Explosions.Combust Flame,1982,47:31-52
[9]Nagy J.Development and Control of Dust Explosion,Marcel Deker Inc.New York,1983
[10]Zabetakis M G.Flammability Characteristics of Combustible Gases and Vapors.U S Bureaus of Mines Bullet,1965
[11]Lee J H S.Gas Explosion.中科院力学所资料,1985
[12]Oh K.-H.,Kim J.B..A study on the obstacle-induced variation of the gas explosion characteristics.Loss Prevention inProcess Industries,2001,14:597-602
[13]应展烽,范宝春,陈志华,叶经方.管道中不同形状悬置障碍物与火焰相互作用的实验观察.实验流体力学,2008,22(2):46-50
[14]周凯元,李宗芬.丙烷—空气爆燃波的火焰面在直管道中的加速运动.爆炸与冲击, 2000,20(2):137-142
[15]Masri A R,Ibrahim S S,Nehzat N.Experimental Study of Premixed Flame Propagation over Various Solid Obstructions.Exp Thermal and Fluid Science,2000,21:109-116
[16]Naamansen P,Baraldi,H J Ertageb H.Solution adaptive CFD simulation of premixed flame propagation over various solid obstructions.Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2002,15:189-197
[17]Kirkpatrick M P,Armfield S W,Masri A R.Large eddy simulation of a propagating turbulent premixed flame flow.Turbulence and Combustion,2003,70:1-19
[18]Ulrich Bielert,Martin Sichel.Numerical simulation of premixed combustion processes in closed tubes.Combustion and Flame,1998,114(3):397-419
[19]M.Fairweather,Cz K.Hargrave,S.S.Ibrahim,D.Cz Walker.Studies of premixed flame propagation in explosion tubes.Combustion and Flame,1999,116(4):504-518
[20]沈伟,杜扬.甲烷-空气爆轰波传播的数值模拟.力学与实践,2003,25:26-28
[21]Dunn-Rankin D,Mccann M A.Overpressure from nondetonating baffle accelerated turbulent flames in tubes.Combustion and Flame,2000,120(4):504-514
[22]范宝春,姜孝海,谢波.障碍物导致甲烷—氧气爆炸的三维数值模拟.煤炭学报,2002,4:37-39
[23]杨宏伟,范宝春,李鸿志.障碍物和管壁导致火焰加速的三维数值模拟.爆炸与冲击,2001,21(4):259-264
[24]魏引尚,常心坦.沼气爆燃向爆轰转变的化学动力学研究.西安科技学院学报,2000,20(1):21-24
[25]Hjertager B H.Simulation of Transient Compressible Turbulent Reactive Flows.Combustion Science and Technology,1982,27:159-170
[26]张艳,任兵,常熹钮,熊国清.激波诱导可燃气体爆燃的数值模拟.国防科技大学学报,2001,23(2):33-37
[27]胡湘渝,张德良.易燃混合气体爆炸完全基元反应模型数值模拟.安全与环境学报2001,1(5):22-27
[28]赵衡阳.气体和粉尘爆炸原理.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1996
[29]张连玉,王令羽,苗瑞生.爆炸气体动力学基础.北京:北京工业学院出版社,1987:234-244
[30]冯·卡门,H.W.埃蒙斯等.燃烧与爆轰的气体动力学.北京:科学出版社,1988:189-197
[31]陈义良,张孝春,孙慈等译.燃烧原理.北京:航空工业出版社,1992:187-250
[32]B.H Hjertager,M Bjorkhaug,KFuhre.Explosion propagation of inhomogeneous methane-air clouds inside an obstructed 50m~3 vented vessel.Hazard Mater,1988,19:245-253
[33]喻健良,周崇,刘润杰.管道内预混气体爆燃过程的实验研究.石油与天然气工业,2004,33(6):453-455
[34]Mercx W P M,Johnson D M,Putock J.Validation of Scaling Technoques for Experimental Vapor Cloud Explosion Investigations.Atlanta,Georgia,USA:AIChE Loss Prevention Symposium,1994:1-20
[35]Baker WE等著,张国顺等译,爆炸危险性及其评估,北京:群众出版社,1998
[36]David C,Bull.Review of Large-Scale Explosion Experiments.Plant/operations Progress,1991,11(1):33-40
[37]梁春利,李芳.管道内可燃气体爆炸研究进展.化工装备技术,2006,27(2):38-41
[38]Mercx W.P.M.,Johnson D M,Puttock J.Validation of Scaling Techniques for Experimental Vapor Cloud Explosion Investigations.Atlanta,Georgia,USA:AIChE.Loss Prevention Symposium,1994:1-10
[39]M.Fairweather,Cz K.Hargrave,S.S.Ibrahim,D.Cz Walker.Studies of premixed flame propagation in explosion tubes.Combustion and Flame,1999,116(4):504-518
[40]林柏泉,张仁贵,昌恒宏.瓦斯爆炸过程中火焰传播规律及其加速机理的研究.煤炭学报,1999,24(1):56-59
[41]刘晓利,李鸿志,叶经方等.障碍物对铝粉火焰加速作用的研究.爆炸与冲击:1995,15(1):11-19
[42]M iller J A,Bowman C T.Mechanism and modeling of nitrogen chem istry in combustion.P rog.Energy Com bust.S ci.,1989,15:287-338
[43]Glarbo rg P,A lzueta M U Dun-Johansen K.Kinetic modeling of hydrocarbon(o|¨)n itric oxide interactions in a flow reactor.Combust.Flame,1998,115:1-27
[44]周力行.湍流气粒两相流动和燃烧的理论与数值模拟.北京:科学出版社,1994
[45]Mercx W P M,Van Den Berg A C.The Explosion Blast Prediction Model in the Revised "Yellow Book".Houston,TX,USA:Proceedings of the Annual Loss Prevention Symposium,1997,31-42
[46]范维澄,万跃鹏.流动及燃烧的模型与计算.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1994
[47]Launder,B.E.,and Spalding,D.B..The Numerical Computation of Turbulent flows.Computer Methods in Applied mechanics and Engineering,1974(3):269-289
[48]沈伟,杜扬.甲烷.空气爆轰波传播的数值模拟.力学与实践,2003,25:26-28
[49]查金荣.传递过程原理及应用.北京:冶金工业出版社,1997,06版
[50]陶文铨.数值传热学,第二版.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001
[51]杨宏伟,范宝春,李鸿志.障碍物导致火焰变形的数值模拟.流体力学实验与测量,2002,16(2):47-51
[2]谢波,范宝春,王克全,夏自柱.挡板障碍物加速火焰传播及其超压变化的实验研究.煤炭学报,2002,27(6):627-630
[3]叶经方,范宝春,应展烽,陈志华,董刚.甲烷—空气预混火焰越过不同形状障碍物的实验研究.实验流体力学,2006,20(4):40-44
[4]王亚军,黄平,李生才.2006年11-12月国内安全事故统计分析.安全与环境学报,2007,2(1):154-157
[5]毕明树.管道内可燃气体爆燃的一维数值模拟.天然气工业,2003,23(4):89-92
[6]余立新,孙文超,吴承康.障碍物扰动对预混火焰发展的影响.中国科学(E报),2003,33(5):420-428
[7]Evan M W,Scheer M D,Schoen L J et al.A study of high velocity flames developed by grids in tubes.Industry process of 3rd symposium(International)on combustion.Pittsburgh:Combustionlnstitute,1949,49:168-185
[8]Moen I.O.,Lee J.H.S.Pressure Deveopment Due to Turbulent Flame Propagation in Large-Scale Methane-Air Explosions.Combust Flame,1982,47:31-52
[9]Nagy J.Development and Control of Dust Explosion,Marcel Deker Inc.New York,1983
[10]Zabetakis M G.Flammability Characteristics of Combustible Gases and Vapors.U S Bureaus of Mines Bullet,1965
[11]Lee J H S.Gas Explosion.中科院力学所资料,1985
[12]Oh K.-H.,Kim J.B..A study on the obstacle-induced variation of the gas explosion characteristics.Loss Prevention inProcess Industries,2001,14:597-602
[13]应展烽,范宝春,陈志华,叶经方.管道中不同形状悬置障碍物与火焰相互作用的实验观察.实验流体力学,2008,22(2):46-50
[14]周凯元,李宗芬.丙烷—空气爆燃波的火焰面在直管道中的加速运动.爆炸与冲击, 2000,20(2):137-142
[15]Masri A R,Ibrahim S S,Nehzat N.Experimental Study of Premixed Flame Propagation over Various Solid Obstructions.Exp Thermal and Fluid Science,2000,21:109-116
[16]Naamansen P,Baraldi,H J Ertageb H.Solution adaptive CFD simulation of premixed flame propagation over various solid obstructions.Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2002,15:189-197
[17]Kirkpatrick M P,Armfield S W,Masri A R.Large eddy simulation of a propagating turbulent premixed flame flow.Turbulence and Combustion,2003,70:1-19
[18]Ulrich Bielert,Martin Sichel.Numerical simulation of premixed combustion processes in closed tubes.Combustion and Flame,1998,114(3):397-419
[19]M.Fairweather,Cz K.Hargrave,S.S.Ibrahim,D.Cz Walker.Studies of premixed flame propagation in explosion tubes.Combustion and Flame,1999,116(4):504-518
[20]沈伟,杜扬.甲烷-空气爆轰波传播的数值模拟.力学与实践,2003,25:26-28
[21]Dunn-Rankin D,Mccann M A.Overpressure from nondetonating baffle accelerated turbulent flames in tubes.Combustion and Flame,2000,120(4):504-514
[22]范宝春,姜孝海,谢波.障碍物导致甲烷—氧气爆炸的三维数值模拟.煤炭学报,2002,4:37-39
[23]杨宏伟,范宝春,李鸿志.障碍物和管壁导致火焰加速的三维数值模拟.爆炸与冲击,2001,21(4):259-264
[24]魏引尚,常心坦.沼气爆燃向爆轰转变的化学动力学研究.西安科技学院学报,2000,20(1):21-24
[25]Hjertager B H.Simulation of Transient Compressible Turbulent Reactive Flows.Combustion Science and Technology,1982,27:159-170
[26]张艳,任兵,常熹钮,熊国清.激波诱导可燃气体爆燃的数值模拟.国防科技大学学报,2001,23(2):33-37
[27]胡湘渝,张德良.易燃混合气体爆炸完全基元反应模型数值模拟.安全与环境学报2001,1(5):22-27
[28]赵衡阳.气体和粉尘爆炸原理.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1996
[29]张连玉,王令羽,苗瑞生.爆炸气体动力学基础.北京:北京工业学院出版社,1987:234-244
[30]冯·卡门,H.W.埃蒙斯等.燃烧与爆轰的气体动力学.北京:科学出版社,1988:189-197
[31]陈义良,张孝春,孙慈等译.燃烧原理.北京:航空工业出版社,1992:187-250
[32]B.H Hjertager,M Bjorkhaug,KFuhre.Explosion propagation of inhomogeneous methane-air clouds inside an obstructed 50m~3 vented vessel.Hazard Mater,1988,19:245-253
[33]喻健良,周崇,刘润杰.管道内预混气体爆燃过程的实验研究.石油与天然气工业,2004,33(6):453-455
[34]Mercx W P M,Johnson D M,Putock J.Validation of Scaling Technoques for Experimental Vapor Cloud Explosion Investigations.Atlanta,Georgia,USA:AIChE Loss Prevention Symposium,1994:1-20
[35]Baker WE等著,张国顺等译,爆炸危险性及其评估,北京:群众出版社,1998
[36]David C,Bull.Review of Large-Scale Explosion Experiments.Plant/operations Progress,1991,11(1):33-40
[37]梁春利,李芳.管道内可燃气体爆炸研究进展.化工装备技术,2006,27(2):38-41
[38]Mercx W.P.M.,Johnson D M,Puttock J.Validation of Scaling Techniques for Experimental Vapor Cloud Explosion Investigations.Atlanta,Georgia,USA:AIChE.Loss Prevention Symposium,1994:1-10
[39]M.Fairweather,Cz K.Hargrave,S.S.Ibrahim,D.Cz Walker.Studies of premixed flame propagation in explosion tubes.Combustion and Flame,1999,116(4):504-518
[40]林柏泉,张仁贵,昌恒宏.瓦斯爆炸过程中火焰传播规律及其加速机理的研究.煤炭学报,1999,24(1):56-59
[41]刘晓利,李鸿志,叶经方等.障碍物对铝粉火焰加速作用的研究.爆炸与冲击:1995,15(1):11-19
[42]M iller J A,Bowman C T.Mechanism and modeling of nitrogen chem istry in combustion.P rog.Energy Com bust.S ci.,1989,15:287-338
[43]Glarbo rg P,A lzueta M U Dun-Johansen K.Kinetic modeling of hydrocarbon(o|¨)n itric oxide interactions in a flow reactor.Combust.Flame,1998,115:1-27
[44]周力行.湍流气粒两相流动和燃烧的理论与数值模拟.北京:科学出版社,1994
[45]Mercx W P M,Van Den Berg A C.The Explosion Blast Prediction Model in the Revised "Yellow Book".Houston,TX,USA:Proceedings of the Annual Loss Prevention Symposium,1997,31-42
[46]范维澄,万跃鹏.流动及燃烧的模型与计算.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1994
[47]Launder,B.E.,and Spalding,D.B..The Numerical Computation of Turbulent flows.Computer Methods in Applied mechanics and Engineering,1974(3):269-289
[48]沈伟,杜扬.甲烷.空气爆轰波传播的数值模拟.力学与实践,2003,25:26-28
[49]查金荣.传递过程原理及应用.北京:冶金工业出版社,1997,06版
[50]陶文铨.数值传热学,第二版.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001
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