络筒工序纱线毛羽的研究
摘要
纱线毛羽是个古老而年轻的课题，在上个世纪30—40年代，就已经进行了大量的研究，并且在50～60年代，纱线毛羽成为描述纱线质量的一个重要指标。近几年来，随着国内外厂家对纱线和面料质量要求的提高，纱线毛羽已成为阻碍我国纺织品档次提升的一个重要因素，同时它也是国内外许多研究人员共同关心的问题。目前市场上推出的各类型的紧密纺纱机的最大优点就是纺出的纱线毛羽少，利于提高后道工序的生产效率，纱线及其半制品的质量，进而提高纺织品质量。
国内外许多研究资料表明络筒工序是导致纱线毛羽增加最严重的工序，过多的毛羽对织物外观和后道工序的生产将产生不利的影响，所以如何控制络筒工序对纱线毛羽的影响是降低纱线毛羽的关键。对于络筒工序，以往的研究主要针对络筒速度、络筒张力、纱线退绕点对纱线毛羽的影响及络筒工序纱线毛羽减少装置的应用，但大部分的研究主要基于实验的研究，并没有很好地从理论上解释在络筒过程中毛羽增加的机理。许多试验的数据表明，在相同的络筒条件下，不同种类的纱线，纱线毛羽增加的数量不一样，而且对于同一种纱线，在不同工艺条件下络筒，纱线毛羽变化的水平有时差异非常大，而有时差异又不大，这些现象表明，纱线毛羽的增加存在一定原因，寻找出纱线毛羽增加机理对于解释生产及试验过程中的现象将有非常大的帮助；另外以往的纱线毛羽减少装置也存在部分的不足之处，不利于毛羽减少装置效果的进一步提高，所以本课题研究的主要内容就是纱线毛羽增加机理的研究及毛羽减少装置的改进。为此，本论文将在以下几个方面展开研究：
1．探讨不同种类纱线摩擦机理与纱线毛羽的关系。
2．结合纱线结构理论，分析纱线内纤维受力情况，从理论上解释纱线毛羽增加的机理。
3．针对以往有关毛羽减少方法的缺陷研制出有效的毛羽减少装置，并结合络筒工序，提出有关工艺方案，根据企业实际情况，提出一套可行的改进方案。
对于上述三个方面的研究，本论文将主要采用已有的摩擦学原理，纱线结构
理论，及气圈理论来进行研究。将上述理论结合到络筒工序，我们可以了解纱线
在摩擦过程中，化纤纱摩擦机理的转变;毛羽纤维发生抽拔而导致毛羽增加的机
理及以往毛羽减少装置的缺陷。本论文首次提出了摩擦机理转变问题，即流体润
滑摩擦转变为边界或半边界摩擦，并将纱线结构理论与纱线毛羽有效地结合起
来，这在理论上有所创新，拓展了纱线结构理论的应用范围，且该理论也得到国
外SCI源刊的认可;同时本论文还提出了“不对称”结构的毛羽减少装置，大大
提高了毛羽减少装置的效果，并且该结构的毛羽减少装置已申请了国家发明专
利;论文还研究了毛羽减少装置的结构参数对纱线毛羽的影响，其中的研究结果
可被纺织企业采用，用于指导企业的生产。
The yarn hairiness is an old and young project, in the 1930's~1940's of the last century, it had been researched widely, and the yarn hairiness had become an important index which described the quality of the yarn in 1950's~1960's. Recently, with the increasing of the demand on the yarn and fabric quality, the hairiness had become a disadvantageous factor which block the development of the fabric quality in our country, and at the same time, the hairiness was also the problem cared by many researchers at home and abroad. At present, the biggest advantage of the different type compact yarn machine, existed in the market, is low hairiness, so it can increase the effect of the back process, and the quality of the yarn and semi-product, and then increase the fabric's quality.
Many references provided by the researcher at home and abroad had shown that the winding process was the most serious process that would cause the hairiness to increase largely, too much hairiness would influence on the fabric appearance and processing, so how to control the hairiness in winding process was the key process to decrease the hairiness of the yarn. The previous research was mainly focus on the influence of winding velocity, winding tension, and the bobbin's unwinding point on the yarn hairiness, the application of the hairiness decreasing equipment, but the main result come from the experiment, and the mechanism of hairiness increasing in winding process was not be explained better in theory. It had shown that the hairiness increasing of the different yarns was not the same even if they were winded in the same condition, and if the same yarn was winded in different condition, the hairiness increasing would change obviously or change little sometimes, so these phenomena hint that there is some re
ason that cause the hairiness increase during the winding process, and it must be helpful to explain the phenomena in the produce or experiment if we find it. The previous hairiness decreasing equipment had some shortcoming so that its advantage can't be exerted entirely. This project will mainly focus on the research of the hairiness increasing mechanism and the development of the hairiness
decreasing equipment, so this project will research the content as follows:
1. Discussing the relation of the frictional mechanism of different type yarn with the yarn hairiness.
2. Analyze the force born by fiber on the base of the yarn structure theory, and explain the increasing mechanism of the yarn hairiness in theory,
3. Exploiture a new hairiness decreasing equipment that should conquer the previous shortcoming, and provide a viable technical method combined with the winding process according the situation of the factory.
This dissertation will use the frictional theory, the yarn structure theory and the balloon theory to research these three content. After these three theory are used to the winding process, we can learn the conversion of the friction mechanism during the friction, the hairiness increasing mechanism because of the hairiness being pulled out, and the shortcoming of the previous hairiness decreasing equipment. The conversion of the friction mechanism is brought forward firstly, that is fluid friction will be converted to boundary friction or semi-boundary friction, combining the yarn structure theory with hairiness is a new which extend the use of the yarn structure theory, and the theory is accepted by the original journal of SCI, at the same time, the asymmetry hairiness decreasing equipment introduced in this dissertation can increase the effect of decreasing hairiness, and it has been applied for a patent. The influence of the structure parameter of the hairiness decreasing equipment has be discussed, and t
he result can be used our country's factory.
国内外许多研究资料表明络筒工序是导致纱线毛羽增加最严重的工序，过多的毛羽对织物外观和后道工序的生产将产生不利的影响，所以如何控制络筒工序对纱线毛羽的影响是降低纱线毛羽的关键。对于络筒工序，以往的研究主要针对络筒速度、络筒张力、纱线退绕点对纱线毛羽的影响及络筒工序纱线毛羽减少装置的应用，但大部分的研究主要基于实验的研究，并没有很好地从理论上解释在络筒过程中毛羽增加的机理。许多试验的数据表明，在相同的络筒条件下，不同种类的纱线，纱线毛羽增加的数量不一样，而且对于同一种纱线，在不同工艺条件下络筒，纱线毛羽变化的水平有时差异非常大，而有时差异又不大，这些现象表明，纱线毛羽的增加存在一定原因，寻找出纱线毛羽增加机理对于解释生产及试验过程中的现象将有非常大的帮助；另外以往的纱线毛羽减少装置也存在部分的不足之处，不利于毛羽减少装置效果的进一步提高，所以本课题研究的主要内容就是纱线毛羽增加机理的研究及毛羽减少装置的改进。为此，本论文将在以下几个方面展开研究：
1．探讨不同种类纱线摩擦机理与纱线毛羽的关系。
2．结合纱线结构理论，分析纱线内纤维受力情况，从理论上解释纱线毛羽增加的机理。
3．针对以往有关毛羽减少方法的缺陷研制出有效的毛羽减少装置，并结合络筒工序，提出有关工艺方案，根据企业实际情况，提出一套可行的改进方案。
对于上述三个方面的研究，本论文将主要采用已有的摩擦学原理，纱线结构
理论，及气圈理论来进行研究。将上述理论结合到络筒工序，我们可以了解纱线
在摩擦过程中，化纤纱摩擦机理的转变;毛羽纤维发生抽拔而导致毛羽增加的机
理及以往毛羽减少装置的缺陷。本论文首次提出了摩擦机理转变问题，即流体润
滑摩擦转变为边界或半边界摩擦，并将纱线结构理论与纱线毛羽有效地结合起
来，这在理论上有所创新，拓展了纱线结构理论的应用范围，且该理论也得到国
外SCI源刊的认可;同时本论文还提出了“不对称”结构的毛羽减少装置，大大
提高了毛羽减少装置的效果，并且该结构的毛羽减少装置已申请了国家发明专
利;论文还研究了毛羽减少装置的结构参数对纱线毛羽的影响，其中的研究结果
可被纺织企业采用，用于指导企业的生产。
The yarn hairiness is an old and young project, in the 1930's~1940's of the last century, it had been researched widely, and the yarn hairiness had become an important index which described the quality of the yarn in 1950's~1960's. Recently, with the increasing of the demand on the yarn and fabric quality, the hairiness had become a disadvantageous factor which block the development of the fabric quality in our country, and at the same time, the hairiness was also the problem cared by many researchers at home and abroad. At present, the biggest advantage of the different type compact yarn machine, existed in the market, is low hairiness, so it can increase the effect of the back process, and the quality of the yarn and semi-product, and then increase the fabric's quality.
Many references provided by the researcher at home and abroad had shown that the winding process was the most serious process that would cause the hairiness to increase largely, too much hairiness would influence on the fabric appearance and processing, so how to control the hairiness in winding process was the key process to decrease the hairiness of the yarn. The previous research was mainly focus on the influence of winding velocity, winding tension, and the bobbin's unwinding point on the yarn hairiness, the application of the hairiness decreasing equipment, but the main result come from the experiment, and the mechanism of hairiness increasing in winding process was not be explained better in theory. It had shown that the hairiness increasing of the different yarns was not the same even if they were winded in the same condition, and if the same yarn was winded in different condition, the hairiness increasing would change obviously or change little sometimes, so these phenomena hint that there is some re
ason that cause the hairiness increase during the winding process, and it must be helpful to explain the phenomena in the produce or experiment if we find it. The previous hairiness decreasing equipment had some shortcoming so that its advantage can't be exerted entirely. This project will mainly focus on the research of the hairiness increasing mechanism and the development of the hairiness
decreasing equipment, so this project will research the content as follows:
1. Discussing the relation of the frictional mechanism of different type yarn with the yarn hairiness.
2. Analyze the force born by fiber on the base of the yarn structure theory, and explain the increasing mechanism of the yarn hairiness in theory,
3. Exploiture a new hairiness decreasing equipment that should conquer the previous shortcoming, and provide a viable technical method combined with the winding process according the situation of the factory.
This dissertation will use the frictional theory, the yarn structure theory and the balloon theory to research these three content. After these three theory are used to the winding process, we can learn the conversion of the friction mechanism during the friction, the hairiness increasing mechanism because of the hairiness being pulled out, and the shortcoming of the previous hairiness decreasing equipment. The conversion of the friction mechanism is brought forward firstly, that is fluid friction will be converted to boundary friction or semi-boundary friction, combining the yarn structure theory with hairiness is a new which extend the use of the yarn structure theory, and the theory is accepted by the original journal of SCI, at the same time, the asymmetry hairiness decreasing equipment introduced in this dissertation can increase the effect of decreasing hairiness, and it has been applied for a patent. The influence of the structure parameter of the hairiness decreasing equipment has be discussed, and t
he result can be used our country's factory.
引文
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