基于桅杆结构的吊装力学模型研究及CAD应用
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摘要
桅杆式起重机整体安装技术是建设部提出的建筑业重点推广应用的十项新技术之一，在建筑工程领域应用广泛。但是，目前桅杆式起重机吊装设计仍然普遍基于传统的力学模型采用手工计算，该模型缺乏安全性和可靠性，有待完善。为此，本文重点针对格构式桅杆起重机吊装系统进行研究，研究和改进了传统的力学模型，开发了格构式桅杆吊装辅助设计系统(WGCAD 1.0)，以满足工程设计要求。主要内容包括：介绍了格构式桅杆吊装起重机在工程中的发展状况和计算机技术在吊装工程中的应用现状；介绍了格构式桅杆吊装辅助设计系统开发中使用的Visual Basic 6.0开发环境和Access数据库开发环境；详细阐述了开发格构式桅杆吊装辅助设计系统的思路和方法。
在研究过程中，从系统工程学的角度出发，将格构式桅杆起重机作为一个完整的系统，考虑到缆风绳结构非线性、桅杆结构二阶效应、风荷载影响效应、非标设备标准化等诸多因素对桅杆主体结构受力性能的影响，改进了格构式桅杆起重机力学模型中不合理的因素；同时，从系统设计最优化的角度出发，分析了主体结构与附属结构的相互影响，提出了合理的格构式桅杆起重机受力模型，以满足格构式桅杆吊装系统优化设计的目的。
利用研究得出的合理的格构式桅杆吊装设计力学模型，从格构式桅杆吊装系统设计人员的角度出发，编制了格构式桅杆结构吊装辅助设计系统(WGCAD 1.0)，该软件采用Visual Basic 6.0开发环境及Microsoft Access数据库作为开发工具，模拟了工程设计人员的设计思路，便于工程应用。
The integrated installation technique of mast-crane, as a wide used installation technique in the civil engineer filed, is one of the ten latest technologies of extended and applied emphatically in civil engineer put forward by the Ministry of Construction. However, the hoisted design of mast-crane is generally taken by hand at present, and moreover, the reliability and security is lacked in the design bases on the old mechanics model. Therefore, the dissertation emphasizes on the study of the hoisted system of mast-crane of steel framework applied widely, researches and amends the old mechanics model, and develops a hoisted CAD system of mast-crane of steel framework named WGCAD 1.0 to meet the need of design in civil engineer.
This dissertation introduces the development of the mast-crane of steel framework in the civil engineer filed and the application of CAD technology in the hoisted engineer field, and introduces two tools: a Visual Basic 6.0 development environment and a Access database development environment, used in the development of the hoisted CAD system of mast-crane of steel framework. This paper describes the method of developing the hoisted CAD system of mast-crane of steel framework in detail.
From the point of view of systems engineering, this dissertation regards the hoisted system of mast-crane of steel framework as a whole system in the course of research, considers the influence of many factors included the nonlinear of hawser, the second-order analysis of mast-crane, the wind-induced-vibration response and the standardization of the non-normal equipments to mechanics performance of main body of mast-crane and amends the illogical factors of the old mechanics model of mast-crane. At the same time, from the point of view of optimization of system design, this dissertation analyzes mutual influences between the main body and secondary body in the system of mast-crane, put forward a logical mechanics model of mast-crane, meets the demand for the optimal design of the hoisted system of mast-crane.
From the point of view of the designer of the hoisted system of mast-crane, this paper makes use of the new mechanics model to develop the hoisted CAD system of mast-crane of steel framework (WGCAD 1.0). This software is that adopts a Visual Basic 6.0 development environment and Access database development environment as two development tools and simulates the idea of designer can be applied in civil engineer conveniently.
在研究过程中，从系统工程学的角度出发，将格构式桅杆起重机作为一个完整的系统，考虑到缆风绳结构非线性、桅杆结构二阶效应、风荷载影响效应、非标设备标准化等诸多因素对桅杆主体结构受力性能的影响，改进了格构式桅杆起重机力学模型中不合理的因素；同时，从系统设计最优化的角度出发，分析了主体结构与附属结构的相互影响，提出了合理的格构式桅杆起重机受力模型，以满足格构式桅杆吊装系统优化设计的目的。
利用研究得出的合理的格构式桅杆吊装设计力学模型，从格构式桅杆吊装系统设计人员的角度出发，编制了格构式桅杆结构吊装辅助设计系统(WGCAD 1.0)，该软件采用Visual Basic 6.0开发环境及Microsoft Access数据库作为开发工具，模拟了工程设计人员的设计思路，便于工程应用。
The integrated installation technique of mast-crane, as a wide used installation technique in the civil engineer filed, is one of the ten latest technologies of extended and applied emphatically in civil engineer put forward by the Ministry of Construction. However, the hoisted design of mast-crane is generally taken by hand at present, and moreover, the reliability and security is lacked in the design bases on the old mechanics model. Therefore, the dissertation emphasizes on the study of the hoisted system of mast-crane of steel framework applied widely, researches and amends the old mechanics model, and develops a hoisted CAD system of mast-crane of steel framework named WGCAD 1.0 to meet the need of design in civil engineer.
This dissertation introduces the development of the mast-crane of steel framework in the civil engineer filed and the application of CAD technology in the hoisted engineer field, and introduces two tools: a Visual Basic 6.0 development environment and a Access database development environment, used in the development of the hoisted CAD system of mast-crane of steel framework. This paper describes the method of developing the hoisted CAD system of mast-crane of steel framework in detail.
From the point of view of systems engineering, this dissertation regards the hoisted system of mast-crane of steel framework as a whole system in the course of research, considers the influence of many factors included the nonlinear of hawser, the second-order analysis of mast-crane, the wind-induced-vibration response and the standardization of the non-normal equipments to mechanics performance of main body of mast-crane and amends the illogical factors of the old mechanics model of mast-crane. At the same time, from the point of view of optimization of system design, this dissertation analyzes mutual influences between the main body and secondary body in the system of mast-crane, put forward a logical mechanics model of mast-crane, meets the demand for the optimal design of the hoisted system of mast-crane.
From the point of view of the designer of the hoisted system of mast-crane, this paper makes use of the new mechanics model to develop the hoisted CAD system of mast-crane of steel framework (WGCAD 1.0). This software is that adopts a Visual Basic 6.0 development environment and Access database development environment as two development tools and simulates the idea of designer can be applied in civil engineer conveniently.
引文
[1]江正荣，建筑结构预制与吊装手册，中国建筑工业出版社，1997．6
[2]杨文柱，重型设备吊装工艺计算，中国建筑工业出版社，1984．8
[3]中华人民共和国国家标准，建筑结构荷载规范(GB5009-2001)，中国计划出版社，2002．1
[4]杨文柱，桅杆式起重机标准设计与CAD技术运用，重庆建筑大学安装技术研究所，1999．2
[5]沈从周，机械设备安装手册，中国建筑工业出版社，1983．10
[6]魏明钟，钢结构，武汉工业大学出版社，2000．8
[7]蔡珍红，杨文柱，桅杆式起重机主体金属塔架的结构优化，重庆建筑大学学报，第18卷第3期，1996．9
[8]王肇民，桅杆结构，科学出版社，2001
[9]Chen, W.F.and Lui, E.M, Structural Stability——Theory and Implementation, Elsevier, New York, 1987
[10]中华人民共和国国家标准，钢结构设计规范(GBJ18-87)，中国计划出版社，1989
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准，钢结构设计规范(GNJ18-87)，条文说明，中国计划出版社，1989
[12]覃遥、孔德芝，吊装方案的计算机辅助设计，安装，2003．4
[13]张锡璋，倾斜放置的钢丝挠度计算，化工施工技术，1996．4
[14]张锡璋，缆风绳预紧力的计算方法，化工施工技术，1996．5
[15]悬索计算，中国建筑工业出版社，1980
[16]Gary Cornell，Visual Basic 6从入门到精通，北京希望电子出版社，1999
[17]Francesco Balena, Visual Basic 6编程技术大全，机械工业出版社，2000
[18]郭圣桦．推举法吊装程序．重庆大学硕士学位论文，2002
[19]胡英奎．智能建筑结构化布线系统参数化设计方法研究．重庆大学硕士论文，2003
[20]Jeffrey P.McManus, Database Access with Visual Basic 6，机械工业出版社，1999．10
[21]清汉计算机工作室，Visual Basic 6数据库开发实例，机械工业出版社，2000．6
[22]蔡珍红，杨文柱，工程拦风钢丝绳的计算分析，安装，1996．5
[23]张希黔、石毅，上海正大广场钢结构吊装施工方案虚拟仿真系统，施工技术，2001
[24]蒋涛．桅杆结构风振系数的计算方法．同济大学硕士学位论文，1998
[25]陈绍藩，钢结构，中国建筑工业出版社，1994
[26]蔡珍红，吊装塔类设备组装深度的计算机辅助计算，安装，1996．8
[27]Amir M.Halabian, M.Hesham EI Naggar, Probabilistic Analysis of Tall Structures Under Strong Winds with Application on Tv-Towers, ASCE Structural Journal, 2000
[28]马星．桅杆结构风振理论及风效应系数研究．同济大学博士学位论文，1999
[29]A state of the art in wind engineer.In: Ninth International Conference on Wind Engineering, New Delhi India, International Association for Wind Engineering, January, 1995
[30]Ballio, G.and Mazzolani, EM., Theory and Design of steel Structures, Chapman and Hall, London, New York, 1983
[31]Timoshenko, S.P.and Gere, J.Mo, Theory of Elastic Stability, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, 1964.中译本：弹性稳定理论，科学出版社，1965
[32]John Hayes, Cranes today hand book 1981, Midlesex, MW Publishers, 1981
[33]梁建智，建筑结构吊装(第四版)，中国建筑工业出版社，1991
[34]Recommendations for guyed masts.Working Group on Guyed Masts of The International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS), Madrid, 1998
[35]Sparling B.F, Smith B.W, Davenport A.GSimplified dynamic analysis methods for guyed masts in turbulents winds.Joum.of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS), vol.37:89～106
[36]源江科技，Visual Basic编程技巧280例，上海科学普及出版社，2002．4
[37]夏志斌、姚谏，钢结构，浙江大学出版社，1996．5
[38]高耸结构设计手册，中国建筑工业出版社，1995．11
[39]王珊，土木工程结构新技术实用全书，2001．9
[40]沈世钊、徐崇宝、赵臣，悬索结构设计，中国建筑工业出版社，1997．8
[41]Kahla N.B. Equivalent beam-colum analysis of guyed towers. Computer and Structures, 1995, 55 (4): 631～645
[42]Trahair, N.S. and Bradford, M.A., The Behaviour and Design of Steel Structures, 2nd Edition, Chapman and Hall, 1998
[43]AVbdel-GhaffarA.M, Khalifa M.A.Importance of cable vibration in dynamics of cable-stayed bridges.Joum.of Engineering Mechanics. 1991, 117 (11): 2571～2589
[44]张翔生，格构式独脚桅杆截面选择方法的探讨，安装，1997．10
[45]项海帆，结构风工程研究的现状，振动工程学报，第10卷第3期，1997
[46]Shapiro and Howard I, Cranes and Derricks, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1980
[2]杨文柱，重型设备吊装工艺计算，中国建筑工业出版社，1984．8
[3]中华人民共和国国家标准，建筑结构荷载规范(GB5009-2001)，中国计划出版社，2002．1
[4]杨文柱，桅杆式起重机标准设计与CAD技术运用，重庆建筑大学安装技术研究所，1999．2
[5]沈从周，机械设备安装手册，中国建筑工业出版社，1983．10
[6]魏明钟，钢结构，武汉工业大学出版社，2000．8
[7]蔡珍红，杨文柱，桅杆式起重机主体金属塔架的结构优化，重庆建筑大学学报，第18卷第3期，1996．9
[8]王肇民，桅杆结构，科学出版社，2001
[9]Chen, W.F.and Lui, E.M, Structural Stability——Theory and Implementation, Elsevier, New York, 1987
[10]中华人民共和国国家标准，钢结构设计规范(GBJ18-87)，中国计划出版社，1989
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准，钢结构设计规范(GNJ18-87)，条文说明，中国计划出版社，1989
[12]覃遥、孔德芝，吊装方案的计算机辅助设计，安装，2003．4
[13]张锡璋，倾斜放置的钢丝挠度计算，化工施工技术，1996．4
[14]张锡璋，缆风绳预紧力的计算方法，化工施工技术，1996．5
[15]悬索计算，中国建筑工业出版社，1980
[16]Gary Cornell，Visual Basic 6从入门到精通，北京希望电子出版社，1999
[17]Francesco Balena, Visual Basic 6编程技术大全，机械工业出版社，2000
[18]郭圣桦．推举法吊装程序．重庆大学硕士学位论文，2002
[19]胡英奎．智能建筑结构化布线系统参数化设计方法研究．重庆大学硕士论文，2003
[20]Jeffrey P.McManus, Database Access with Visual Basic 6，机械工业出版社，1999．10
[21]清汉计算机工作室，Visual Basic 6数据库开发实例，机械工业出版社，2000．6
[22]蔡珍红，杨文柱，工程拦风钢丝绳的计算分析，安装，1996．5
[23]张希黔、石毅，上海正大广场钢结构吊装施工方案虚拟仿真系统，施工技术，2001
[24]蒋涛．桅杆结构风振系数的计算方法．同济大学硕士学位论文，1998
[25]陈绍藩，钢结构，中国建筑工业出版社，1994
[26]蔡珍红，吊装塔类设备组装深度的计算机辅助计算，安装，1996．8
[27]Amir M.Halabian, M.Hesham EI Naggar, Probabilistic Analysis of Tall Structures Under Strong Winds with Application on Tv-Towers, ASCE Structural Journal, 2000
[28]马星．桅杆结构风振理论及风效应系数研究．同济大学博士学位论文，1999
[29]A state of the art in wind engineer.In: Ninth International Conference on Wind Engineering, New Delhi India, International Association for Wind Engineering, January, 1995
[30]Ballio, G.and Mazzolani, EM., Theory and Design of steel Structures, Chapman and Hall, London, New York, 1983
[31]Timoshenko, S.P.and Gere, J.Mo, Theory of Elastic Stability, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, 1964.中译本：弹性稳定理论，科学出版社，1965
[32]John Hayes, Cranes today hand book 1981, Midlesex, MW Publishers, 1981
[33]梁建智，建筑结构吊装(第四版)，中国建筑工业出版社，1991
[34]Recommendations for guyed masts.Working Group on Guyed Masts of The International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS), Madrid, 1998
[35]Sparling B.F, Smith B.W, Davenport A.GSimplified dynamic analysis methods for guyed masts in turbulents winds.Joum.of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS), vol.37:89～106
[36]源江科技，Visual Basic编程技巧280例，上海科学普及出版社，2002．4
[37]夏志斌、姚谏，钢结构，浙江大学出版社，1996．5
[38]高耸结构设计手册，中国建筑工业出版社，1995．11
[39]王珊，土木工程结构新技术实用全书，2001．9
[40]沈世钊、徐崇宝、赵臣，悬索结构设计，中国建筑工业出版社，1997．8
[41]Kahla N.B. Equivalent beam-colum analysis of guyed towers. Computer and Structures, 1995, 55 (4): 631～645
[42]Trahair, N.S. and Bradford, M.A., The Behaviour and Design of Steel Structures, 2nd Edition, Chapman and Hall, 1998
[43]AVbdel-GhaffarA.M, Khalifa M.A.Importance of cable vibration in dynamics of cable-stayed bridges.Joum.of Engineering Mechanics. 1991, 117 (11): 2571～2589
[44]张翔生，格构式独脚桅杆截面选择方法的探讨，安装，1997．10
[45]项海帆，结构风工程研究的现状，振动工程学报，第10卷第3期，1997
[46]Shapiro and Howard I, Cranes and Derricks, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1980