KBE的系统集成技术与网络化应用开发研究
摘要
面对竞争日益激烈的市场，制造型企业须及时开发出具有知识含量的创新性产品，才能避免被淘汰或被边缘化的危险。为了提高产品设计质量，缩短产品开发周期，节约生产成本，提高产品的附加值，增强企业的市场竞争力，一个非常重要的手段就是总结和复用知识，提高产品的知识含量。以先进的设计理念为前导而发展形成了基于知识的工程(KBE，Knowledge Based Engineering)的设计方法，对推动新产品的研发具有十分重要的意义。
本文在详细阐述KBE的内涵、分析国内外KBE研究和应用现状的基础上，研究了KBE系统的类别、基本构成、功能结构，提出了分布协同式KBE系统、企业级KBE系统的软件体系参考模型等有关理论。
围绕KBE与CAD系统的应用集成，本文研究了KBE和CAD系统之间的关系、KBE系统的设计思想。在此基础上，重点研究了基于KBE技术的CAD系统集成应用技术，构建了KBE与CAD系统的集成方案，详细分析了系统中各个功能子系统。
围绕分布协同式KBE系统的实现技术，本文研究并提出了网络化KBE系统的功能模型、物理模型、结构模型、信息流程、信息集成方案；同时重点研究了网络化KBE系统中的知识管理系统，以及知识获取系统。
在上述研究的基础上，基于Visual C++程序设计语言和Solidworks提供的API工具，在Access数据库管理系统的支持下，初步开发了一个KBE原型系统。设计实例表明该系统能够较好地解决起重机齿轮生产设计中的实际问题，极大地缩短了产品的开发周期，显著降低了设计成本，从而验证了本文的部分研究结论。
Facing the drastic competition, the enterprises are forced to quickly response with the innovative product or else will be pushed out. In order to promote the quality of product, reduce the lifecycle of product, save the cost, and enforce the competition, an effective method is to summarize and reuse the knowledge which is accumulated before. Therefore, KBE based the latest conception on modern design is very useful to promote the new product.
The paper illustrates the essence of KBE in details, the concurrent situation throughout the world and the virtues compared with the other intelligent systems, and then constructs the infrastructure, function structure of KBE. In addition, the paper analyzes the Distributed and Collaborative KBE System (DCKBE, in brief). And the software model for enterprise is proposed.
Firstly, centered on the application integration of KBE with CAD system, the paper exposes the relation between KBE and CAD, and defines the KBE system in a narrow sense. Then the integrated architecture of KBE and CAD is produced. So do the subsystems in details.
With the purpose of implementation of DCKBE, much research on the KBE based on the Internet/Internet is carried out, which involves the frame, function, information stream, and method for integrating the subsystems. Meanwhile the knowledge management systems of KBE is paid attention and discussed.
Based the result above, a model system with the help of C++, JSP and Microsoft Access is developed by the author. The system would be useful to solve the problems in production and reduce the time of developing
product. The demonstration is put up, which shows that the theory of this paper is right in practice.
本文在详细阐述KBE的内涵、分析国内外KBE研究和应用现状的基础上，研究了KBE系统的类别、基本构成、功能结构，提出了分布协同式KBE系统、企业级KBE系统的软件体系参考模型等有关理论。
围绕KBE与CAD系统的应用集成，本文研究了KBE和CAD系统之间的关系、KBE系统的设计思想。在此基础上，重点研究了基于KBE技术的CAD系统集成应用技术，构建了KBE与CAD系统的集成方案，详细分析了系统中各个功能子系统。
围绕分布协同式KBE系统的实现技术，本文研究并提出了网络化KBE系统的功能模型、物理模型、结构模型、信息流程、信息集成方案；同时重点研究了网络化KBE系统中的知识管理系统，以及知识获取系统。
在上述研究的基础上，基于Visual C++程序设计语言和Solidworks提供的API工具，在Access数据库管理系统的支持下，初步开发了一个KBE原型系统。设计实例表明该系统能够较好地解决起重机齿轮生产设计中的实际问题，极大地缩短了产品的开发周期，显著降低了设计成本，从而验证了本文的部分研究结论。
Facing the drastic competition, the enterprises are forced to quickly response with the innovative product or else will be pushed out. In order to promote the quality of product, reduce the lifecycle of product, save the cost, and enforce the competition, an effective method is to summarize and reuse the knowledge which is accumulated before. Therefore, KBE based the latest conception on modern design is very useful to promote the new product.
The paper illustrates the essence of KBE in details, the concurrent situation throughout the world and the virtues compared with the other intelligent systems, and then constructs the infrastructure, function structure of KBE. In addition, the paper analyzes the Distributed and Collaborative KBE System (DCKBE, in brief). And the software model for enterprise is proposed.
Firstly, centered on the application integration of KBE with CAD system, the paper exposes the relation between KBE and CAD, and defines the KBE system in a narrow sense. Then the integrated architecture of KBE and CAD is produced. So do the subsystems in details.
With the purpose of implementation of DCKBE, much research on the KBE based on the Internet/Internet is carried out, which involves the frame, function, information stream, and method for integrating the subsystems. Meanwhile the knowledge management systems of KBE is paid attention and discussed.
Based the result above, a model system with the help of C++, JSP and Microsoft Access is developed by the author. The system would be useful to solve the problems in production and reduce the time of developing
product. The demonstration is put up, which shows that the theory of this paper is right in practice.
引文
[1]童頫，沈一栋．知识工程．北京．科学出版社．1992：1-22
[2][陈世福，陈兆乾等．人工智能与知识工程．南京．南京大学出版社．1997：1-11
[3]龚礼洲，黄金陵，张君嫒，葛安林．面向对象技术在基于知识的工程系统开发中的应用．汽车工程．2000．22(3)：183-186
[4]林卫，苏智剑，叶元烈，周瑾．汽车离合器设计专家系统研究．汽车研究与开发．1999(3)：19-21
[5]娄臻亮，张永清，阮雪榆．工程设计KBE系统(Ⅱ)：知识处理技术．机械科学与技术．2001．20(4)：611-613
[6]王大康，彭小靖．滚动轴承装置设计专家系统的知识表示．北京工业大学学报．2000．26(1)：47-50
[7]刘有源，陈定方．面向对象的设计型专家系统知识表达与推理策略．武汉交通科技大学学报．1996．20(2)：18-21
[8]曹文军．知识库系统原理及其应用．上海．复旦大学出版社．1995．289
[9]曾繁绢．专家系统浅论．台北．资讯科学与技术专题论辑．1997：289
[10]马玉祥，武波．专家系统．成都．电子科技大学出版社．1994：9-116
[11]Joseph Giarratano，Gary Riley．印鉴，刘星成，汤庸译．专家系统原理与编程．北京．机械工业出版社．2000：42-43
[12]张洪欣．汽车设计．北京．机械工业出版社．1995：229-256
[13]Rodolf Limper(美)．张蔚林，陈名智译．汽车制动系统的分析与设计．北京．机械工业出版社．1985．12
[14]张陵，诸德培．制动器力学模型对其制动效能的影响．汽车工程．1995．17(4)：225-230
[15]赵幼平，许可芳．鼓式制动器制动力矩的计算研究．汽车工程．1996．18(6)：360-364
[16]何宇平，姜正根，朱伯比．汽车制动性能分析和计算机模拟与试验验证．汽车工程．1995．17(5)：296-306
[17]王良模，孙刚等．鼓式制动器效能因数的计算研究．南京理工大学学报．1999．23(3)：220-223
[18]方泳龙，李礽，李幼德．汽车制动系设计专家系统．汽车工程．1995．17(3)：129-136
[19]范顺成，张骁，温正忠．关于机械传动方案设计专家系统(DES)开发中建立知识库问题的探讨．机械设计．2001．2：31-34
[20]左旭，卫原平，阮雪榆，曾令寿．基于知识的、集成工具化的汽车锻件模具设计过程的仿真思想．计算机工程与设计．1998．19(1)：22-26
[21]高凯祁，胡世光．基于ANN／GA的汽车覆盖拉延件要领设计专家系统．机械工程学报．1999．35(4)：56-59
[22]陆伟东，蔡乾亚，裘泳铭．集装箱船中剖面结构基于知识的计算机辅助设计系统．上海交通大学学报．2000．34(1)：36-40
[23]赵要武，刘小冬，蒋冬滨，刘文埏，王凡．飞机结构耐久性设计与分析专家系统．北京航空航天大学学报．2000．26(2)：178-181
[24]石晓祥，陈军，彭颖红，阮雪榆．覆盖件产品信息模型与基于知识的设计系统的集成．模具技术．2002．1：13-15
[25]韩客松 王永成 文本挖掘 数据挖掘和知识管理二十一世纪的智能信息处理 情报学
报 2001 20 1 100 104
[26]张鹏程 李人厚 秦明 天峰 顾新华 基于Agent的开放式协同工作系统结构模型 计算机应用 2002 23(3)14
[27]赵继云，钟廷修．CBD系统用于产品变形设计的关键技术研究．机械设计与研究．1999．(2)：36-39
[28]杨勇 邹时林 蔡源 知识库系统的原理 华东地质学院学报 2001 24 4 337
[29]朱承 曹泽文 张维明 知识库系统建模框架的发展与现状 计算机工程 2002 28 8 3 5
[30]李敏 董淑菊 李君 试论知识管理 现代情报 2002 1 10 11
[31]中国人民大学统计系数据挖掘中心 数据挖掘中的聚类分析 统计与信息论坛 2002
[32]Takeda Hetal. Modeling Design Process. AI Magazine. 1990.11(4): 37-48
[33]Bardasz T, Zeid I. Applying Analogical Problem Solving to Mechanical Design.CAD. 1991.23(3): 202-212
[34]Klausmeier, Rob Rulemaster. An Expert System For Diagnosing Electronically Controlled Automobiles Robots 10-Conference Proceedings. 1986.10. 79-10.92
[35]Veluchamy V. Expert System For Automobile Car Diagnosis Proceedings of the Annual Southeastern Symposium on System Theory. 1988. 509-513
[36]Takahashi, Riichi. Automobile troubleshooting expert system ATREX Future Generations Computer Systems. 1989. 5(1) :97-101
[37]Chen Jen-Gwo. Automobile air-conditioner compressor troubleshooting. An expert system approach Computers in Industry. 1990. 13(4) : 337-345
[38]Anvar A.M. Expert System for automobile engine diagnosis. Australia. National Conference Publication-Institution of Engineers. 1991.8-12
[39]Yoo Suk I. DIASI. An expert system for diagnosing automobiles with Electronic Control Units. Expert Systems with Applications. 1992.4(1): 69-78
[40]Gao Kaiqi, Hu Shiguang. Essential technical design expert system for automobile stretching part based on ANN/GA. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 1999.35(4): 56-59
[41]Susan B. Ardis. " What is an expert system? " Online 14. 1990.3:61
[42]Frederick Hayes-Roth. Knowledge Systems: An Introduction. Library Hi Tech 10. 1992. 1-2:15-16
[43]Anne Morris. The Application of Expert Systems in Libraries and Information Centers. London. Bowker-Saur. 1992:9-11
[44]G.B. Stroh, M. H. Lawrence, W. T. Deibel. Effect of Shoe Force Geometry on Heavy Duty Internal Shoe Brake Performance. SAE 680432:1-16
[45]Ronald J.Brachman and Tej Anand The Process of Knowledge Discobery in Databases A Human-centered Approach Advance In Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining AAAI/MIT Press 1996 20 25
[46]CApte S Weiss Data Mining with Decision Trees and Decision Rules Future Generation Computer Systems 1997 13 2 197 210
[47]Ning Gao Quanyi Fan The study of architectureand practice of Knowledge Management System in oil-refining enterprise' s CIMS 2002 International Conference on Control and Automation Xiamen China Jun. 2002 688～692
[48]17 3 4 10 [24] Wojciech Ziarko Introduction to the Special Issue on Rough Sets and Knowledge Discovery Computational Intelligence 1995 11 2 223 226
[49]Tung Bui Jintae Lee An agent-based framwork from building decision support system
Decision Support System 1999 25 2 225 237
[50]Darrel Whitley An overview of evolutionary algorithms practical issues and common pitfalls Information and Software Technology 2001(43) 817 831
[51]Angele J Fensel D Studer R Developing Knowledge-based Systems with MIKE Software Engineering 1998 25 30 334
[2][陈世福，陈兆乾等．人工智能与知识工程．南京．南京大学出版社．1997：1-11
[3]龚礼洲，黄金陵，张君嫒，葛安林．面向对象技术在基于知识的工程系统开发中的应用．汽车工程．2000．22(3)：183-186
[4]林卫，苏智剑，叶元烈，周瑾．汽车离合器设计专家系统研究．汽车研究与开发．1999(3)：19-21
[5]娄臻亮，张永清，阮雪榆．工程设计KBE系统(Ⅱ)：知识处理技术．机械科学与技术．2001．20(4)：611-613
[6]王大康，彭小靖．滚动轴承装置设计专家系统的知识表示．北京工业大学学报．2000．26(1)：47-50
[7]刘有源，陈定方．面向对象的设计型专家系统知识表达与推理策略．武汉交通科技大学学报．1996．20(2)：18-21
[8]曹文军．知识库系统原理及其应用．上海．复旦大学出版社．1995．289
[9]曾繁绢．专家系统浅论．台北．资讯科学与技术专题论辑．1997：289
[10]马玉祥，武波．专家系统．成都．电子科技大学出版社．1994：9-116
[11]Joseph Giarratano，Gary Riley．印鉴，刘星成，汤庸译．专家系统原理与编程．北京．机械工业出版社．2000：42-43
[12]张洪欣．汽车设计．北京．机械工业出版社．1995：229-256
[13]Rodolf Limper(美)．张蔚林，陈名智译．汽车制动系统的分析与设计．北京．机械工业出版社．1985．12
[14]张陵，诸德培．制动器力学模型对其制动效能的影响．汽车工程．1995．17(4)：225-230
[15]赵幼平，许可芳．鼓式制动器制动力矩的计算研究．汽车工程．1996．18(6)：360-364
[16]何宇平，姜正根，朱伯比．汽车制动性能分析和计算机模拟与试验验证．汽车工程．1995．17(5)：296-306
[17]王良模，孙刚等．鼓式制动器效能因数的计算研究．南京理工大学学报．1999．23(3)：220-223
[18]方泳龙，李礽，李幼德．汽车制动系设计专家系统．汽车工程．1995．17(3)：129-136
[19]范顺成，张骁，温正忠．关于机械传动方案设计专家系统(DES)开发中建立知识库问题的探讨．机械设计．2001．2：31-34
[20]左旭，卫原平，阮雪榆，曾令寿．基于知识的、集成工具化的汽车锻件模具设计过程的仿真思想．计算机工程与设计．1998．19(1)：22-26
[21]高凯祁，胡世光．基于ANN／GA的汽车覆盖拉延件要领设计专家系统．机械工程学报．1999．35(4)：56-59
[22]陆伟东，蔡乾亚，裘泳铭．集装箱船中剖面结构基于知识的计算机辅助设计系统．上海交通大学学报．2000．34(1)：36-40
[23]赵要武，刘小冬，蒋冬滨，刘文埏，王凡．飞机结构耐久性设计与分析专家系统．北京航空航天大学学报．2000．26(2)：178-181
[24]石晓祥，陈军，彭颖红，阮雪榆．覆盖件产品信息模型与基于知识的设计系统的集成．模具技术．2002．1：13-15
[25]韩客松 王永成 文本挖掘 数据挖掘和知识管理二十一世纪的智能信息处理 情报学
报 2001 20 1 100 104
[26]张鹏程 李人厚 秦明 天峰 顾新华 基于Agent的开放式协同工作系统结构模型 计算机应用 2002 23(3)14
[27]赵继云，钟廷修．CBD系统用于产品变形设计的关键技术研究．机械设计与研究．1999．(2)：36-39
[28]杨勇 邹时林 蔡源 知识库系统的原理 华东地质学院学报 2001 24 4 337
[29]朱承 曹泽文 张维明 知识库系统建模框架的发展与现状 计算机工程 2002 28 8 3 5
[30]李敏 董淑菊 李君 试论知识管理 现代情报 2002 1 10 11
[31]中国人民大学统计系数据挖掘中心 数据挖掘中的聚类分析 统计与信息论坛 2002
[32]Takeda Hetal. Modeling Design Process. AI Magazine. 1990.11(4): 37-48
[33]Bardasz T, Zeid I. Applying Analogical Problem Solving to Mechanical Design.CAD. 1991.23(3): 202-212
[34]Klausmeier, Rob Rulemaster. An Expert System For Diagnosing Electronically Controlled Automobiles Robots 10-Conference Proceedings. 1986.10. 79-10.92
[35]Veluchamy V. Expert System For Automobile Car Diagnosis Proceedings of the Annual Southeastern Symposium on System Theory. 1988. 509-513
[36]Takahashi, Riichi. Automobile troubleshooting expert system ATREX Future Generations Computer Systems. 1989. 5(1) :97-101
[37]Chen Jen-Gwo. Automobile air-conditioner compressor troubleshooting. An expert system approach Computers in Industry. 1990. 13(4) : 337-345
[38]Anvar A.M. Expert System for automobile engine diagnosis. Australia. National Conference Publication-Institution of Engineers. 1991.8-12
[39]Yoo Suk I. DIASI. An expert system for diagnosing automobiles with Electronic Control Units. Expert Systems with Applications. 1992.4(1): 69-78
[40]Gao Kaiqi, Hu Shiguang. Essential technical design expert system for automobile stretching part based on ANN/GA. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 1999.35(4): 56-59
[41]Susan B. Ardis. " What is an expert system? " Online 14. 1990.3:61
[42]Frederick Hayes-Roth. Knowledge Systems: An Introduction. Library Hi Tech 10. 1992. 1-2:15-16
[43]Anne Morris. The Application of Expert Systems in Libraries and Information Centers. London. Bowker-Saur. 1992:9-11
[44]G.B. Stroh, M. H. Lawrence, W. T. Deibel. Effect of Shoe Force Geometry on Heavy Duty Internal Shoe Brake Performance. SAE 680432:1-16
[45]Ronald J.Brachman and Tej Anand The Process of Knowledge Discobery in Databases A Human-centered Approach Advance In Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining AAAI/MIT Press 1996 20 25
[46]CApte S Weiss Data Mining with Decision Trees and Decision Rules Future Generation Computer Systems 1997 13 2 197 210
[47]Ning Gao Quanyi Fan The study of architectureand practice of Knowledge Management System in oil-refining enterprise' s CIMS 2002 International Conference on Control and Automation Xiamen China Jun. 2002 688～692
[48]17 3 4 10 [24] Wojciech Ziarko Introduction to the Special Issue on Rough Sets and Knowledge Discovery Computational Intelligence 1995 11 2 223 226
[49]Tung Bui Jintae Lee An agent-based framwork from building decision support system
Decision Support System 1999 25 2 225 237
[50]Darrel Whitley An overview of evolutionary algorithms practical issues and common pitfalls Information and Software Technology 2001(43) 817 831
[51]Angele J Fensel D Studer R Developing Knowledge-based Systems with MIKE Software Engineering 1998 25 30 334