专题地图自动化制作的控制技术研究
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摘要
专题地图自动化制作一直是地图研究领域的热点和难点。本文在参阅、分析国内外专题地图自动化制作研究现状的基础上,提出了以控制论的基本理念和方法为指导,以制图控制为切入点,进行专题地图自动化制作的研究与实践,包括专题制图的控制论特征及分步协同控制的本质、控制链的研究方法、地图符号表达的分步协同控制及其详细控制链构建、基于控制链的专题制图模式,其中控制链的构建和应用是作者进行专题地图自动化制作的控制技术研究所围绕的核心。具体为:
1、在总结和分析专题地图自动化制作发展历程与研究现状的基础上,提出了以制图控制为切入点,以控制论的基本理念和方法为指导,进行专题地图自动化制作研究的设想;并从研究目标、内容等方面阐述了文章如何进行专题地图自动化制作的控制技术研究。
2、针对专题地图自动化制作理论研究存在的问题,对专题制图(专题地图制图或专题地图制作的简称)概念和专题地图自动化制作的研究对象、难点作了进一步界定和分析。简述了控制论的含义和影响,对研究中引入控制论理念的方法进行了较为全面的探讨,包括专题制图的控制特征,专题制图研究中的控制方法,专题制图控制系统,初步实现了专题制图与控制论的结合。分析和阐述了计算机环境下专题制图分布协同控制的本质特征。以上述理论为基础,提出了专题地图自动化制作研究的控制方法:控制链方法和控制替换方法(又叫信息替换方法)。
3、详细阐述了专题地图自动化制作的控制链方法的思想起源、特征、意义、构成、构建过程、应用方法、专题地图自动化制作的控制链内涵等,从而形成了控制链的研究思想及其方法体系。
4、从计算机制图环境下符号易于控制的角度,提出了电子地图符号的形态变换理论——把地图符号分为图形记号、图例符号、图中符号三种形态,并从控制论的角度对符号化过程中三者变化的动因和实质进行分析;以视觉变量为控制对象,通过符号可控变量与视觉控制器的提出与构建,论述了符号表达的分步协同控制方法。以上述理论方法为指导,实践了专题制图控制链方法体系中的“打开”黑箱,构建黑箱内部详细控制链的研究方法。
5、从控制链的角度,论述了向导式分步制图和模板专题制图的概念和控制本质;在分析两者优缺点的基础上,提出了以制图规则控制为基础,对两者进行优化的方法,并对该方法的实现技术基础和细节进行了设计;基于MGISII平台进行了原型系统的开发,实践了基于控制链进行专题地图自动化制作研究的方法。
Thematic map automation making (for short, thematic mapping automation) is the hotspot and difficulty of research in the field of cartography. Based on the reference and analysis of present research of domestic and international thematic mapping automation, as the breakthrough point is mapping control and the guidance are basic concepts and methods of cybernetics, research and practice of thematic mapping automation is put forward. It includes the research methods of thematic mapping cybernetics features, step-by-step concurrence control essence and control chain, step-by-step concurrence control and control chain construct of symbol expression, practice method of thematic mapping automation based on control chain. Thereinto, practice method is the core of thematic mapping automation control technology. The material is as follows:
1、Based on the summary and analysis of present research of thematic mapping automation, the idea of thematic mapping automation whose breakthrough point is mapping control and the guidance is basic concepts and methods of cybernetics is put forward. And from the aspects of research target and research content, how to carry out thematic map automation making control technology research is expounded on the whole.
2、Aiming at the insufficient of thematic mapping automation theory, this paper defines and analyzes the concept of thematic mapping, research object and difficulties of thematic mapping automation. The meaning and effect of cybernetics is described and the ideas and methods of introducing cybernetics to thematic mapping are discussed comprehensively, including the cybernetics characteristics, method of cybernetics in thematic mapping and thematic mapping control system. Essence of step-by-step concurrence of thematic mapping in the computer environment, and basic concepts based on cybernetics, thematic mapping control characters of step-by-step concurrence are analyzed and expounded. Then, control methods of thematic mapping automation research, control chain method and control substitution method (information substitution method)are brought forward.
3、The origin, characteristic, meaning, structure, the building process, application method, etc, of thematic mapping automation control chain method are illustrated in particular.
4、From the angle of easy to control in computer environment, morphological transform theory of electronic map symbols are put forward. It divides electronic map symbols into three forms: graphics mark, illustrations symbols and diagram symbols. And the motive and essence of them are discussed from the angle of cybernetics. Visual variables are seen as control objects. Through the raise and construction of symbol controllable variables and visual controllers, the step-by-step concurrence control method of symbol expression are discussed. Based on these, the detailed control chain of symbol expression is constructed and the opening“black box”method of study in the process of thematic mapping control chain is practiced.
5、Based on the research method of control chain, this paper discusses the concept and essence of step-by-step mapping and (“a key type”) template mapping. On the basis of analyzing both advantages and disadvantages, thematic mapping automation model on the combination of them based on rules is put forward. The technical basis and detail of the model is designed. Based on MGISII, experiment system development and mapping models are practiced and the research ideas of thematic mapping automation based on control chain are practiced.
1、在总结和分析专题地图自动化制作发展历程与研究现状的基础上,提出了以制图控制为切入点,以控制论的基本理念和方法为指导,进行专题地图自动化制作研究的设想;并从研究目标、内容等方面阐述了文章如何进行专题地图自动化制作的控制技术研究。
2、针对专题地图自动化制作理论研究存在的问题,对专题制图(专题地图制图或专题地图制作的简称)概念和专题地图自动化制作的研究对象、难点作了进一步界定和分析。简述了控制论的含义和影响,对研究中引入控制论理念的方法进行了较为全面的探讨,包括专题制图的控制特征,专题制图研究中的控制方法,专题制图控制系统,初步实现了专题制图与控制论的结合。分析和阐述了计算机环境下专题制图分布协同控制的本质特征。以上述理论为基础,提出了专题地图自动化制作研究的控制方法:控制链方法和控制替换方法(又叫信息替换方法)。
3、详细阐述了专题地图自动化制作的控制链方法的思想起源、特征、意义、构成、构建过程、应用方法、专题地图自动化制作的控制链内涵等,从而形成了控制链的研究思想及其方法体系。
4、从计算机制图环境下符号易于控制的角度,提出了电子地图符号的形态变换理论——把地图符号分为图形记号、图例符号、图中符号三种形态,并从控制论的角度对符号化过程中三者变化的动因和实质进行分析;以视觉变量为控制对象,通过符号可控变量与视觉控制器的提出与构建,论述了符号表达的分步协同控制方法。以上述理论方法为指导,实践了专题制图控制链方法体系中的“打开”黑箱,构建黑箱内部详细控制链的研究方法。
5、从控制链的角度,论述了向导式分步制图和模板专题制图的概念和控制本质;在分析两者优缺点的基础上,提出了以制图规则控制为基础,对两者进行优化的方法,并对该方法的实现技术基础和细节进行了设计;基于MGISII平台进行了原型系统的开发,实践了基于控制链进行专题地图自动化制作研究的方法。
Thematic map automation making (for short, thematic mapping automation) is the hotspot and difficulty of research in the field of cartography. Based on the reference and analysis of present research of domestic and international thematic mapping automation, as the breakthrough point is mapping control and the guidance are basic concepts and methods of cybernetics, research and practice of thematic mapping automation is put forward. It includes the research methods of thematic mapping cybernetics features, step-by-step concurrence control essence and control chain, step-by-step concurrence control and control chain construct of symbol expression, practice method of thematic mapping automation based on control chain. Thereinto, practice method is the core of thematic mapping automation control technology. The material is as follows:
1、Based on the summary and analysis of present research of thematic mapping automation, the idea of thematic mapping automation whose breakthrough point is mapping control and the guidance is basic concepts and methods of cybernetics is put forward. And from the aspects of research target and research content, how to carry out thematic map automation making control technology research is expounded on the whole.
2、Aiming at the insufficient of thematic mapping automation theory, this paper defines and analyzes the concept of thematic mapping, research object and difficulties of thematic mapping automation. The meaning and effect of cybernetics is described and the ideas and methods of introducing cybernetics to thematic mapping are discussed comprehensively, including the cybernetics characteristics, method of cybernetics in thematic mapping and thematic mapping control system. Essence of step-by-step concurrence of thematic mapping in the computer environment, and basic concepts based on cybernetics, thematic mapping control characters of step-by-step concurrence are analyzed and expounded. Then, control methods of thematic mapping automation research, control chain method and control substitution method (information substitution method)are brought forward.
3、The origin, characteristic, meaning, structure, the building process, application method, etc, of thematic mapping automation control chain method are illustrated in particular.
4、From the angle of easy to control in computer environment, morphological transform theory of electronic map symbols are put forward. It divides electronic map symbols into three forms: graphics mark, illustrations symbols and diagram symbols. And the motive and essence of them are discussed from the angle of cybernetics. Visual variables are seen as control objects. Through the raise and construction of symbol controllable variables and visual controllers, the step-by-step concurrence control method of symbol expression are discussed. Based on these, the detailed control chain of symbol expression is constructed and the opening“black box”method of study in the process of thematic mapping control chain is practiced.
5、Based on the research method of control chain, this paper discusses the concept and essence of step-by-step mapping and (“a key type”) template mapping. On the basis of analyzing both advantages and disadvantages, thematic mapping automation model on the combination of them based on rules is put forward. The technical basis and detail of the model is designed. Based on MGISII, experiment system development and mapping models are practiced and the research ideas of thematic mapping automation based on control chain are practiced.
引文
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