粤东、粤中地区中生界生储盖组合特征研究
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摘要
近几十年来,我国科学家在渤海、黄海、东海和中国南海进行了大量地球物理测量和综合研究工作,取得了大量第一手资料,特别是通过对中国南海的地质、地球物理场的综合研究,发现中国南海北部存在中生界地层,并在粤东陆地已查明有烃源岩,在台西海域的中生界已发现油气显示和工业油气流。到目前为止,仅有中海油和广州海洋地质调查局针对南海北部的地质矿产资源做了少量的调查,还没有专门针对油气资源的调查,因此,南海北部中生界的基本油气地质条件的认识还非常有限、是否具有发育商业性油气藏的潜力尚不清楚。总的来说,海域研究程度还比较低,相关资料十分有限,而大多学者认为南海北部中生界属于古特提斯洋,在晚三叠世-早侏罗世、晚侏罗世-早白垩世曾发生过两次海侵,陆、海沉积具有可对比性,可以采用“由陆及海”的研究思路,来研究南海北部的油气资源潜力。
因此,本文依托“南海北部中生界油气资源潜力研究与战略选区”国家专项(2007年工作重心在陆区),通过对粤东、粤中地区8条中生界露头剖面的油气地质条件的考察,采集到52个泥岩样和133个储层样,获取野外照片424张;在室内,分别完成了20个储层样的孔、渗、压汞测试,78个普通薄片及20个铸体薄片的制作及鉴定,10个岩石力学参数测试,2个疑似沥青分析,编制了粤东、粤中地区中生界生储盖层综合评价图。通过上述工作,取得的主要认识如下:
1)粤东、粤中陆上中生界能作为油气储层的岩石类型主要为砂岩,主要发育于侏罗系金鸡组、上龙水组、长埔组、桥源组;
2)根据岩石薄片观察分析,粤东、粤中中生界储层储集空间类型主要为溶蚀孔洞、裂缝、粒间孔三大类,其中溶蚀孔洞中的粒间溶孔是砂岩储层的主要岩石储集空间;岩石类型为粗.细粒石英砂岩、长石石英砂岩、岩屑长石石英砂岩、长石石英杂砂岩;
3)通过露头观察,孔渗测试、镜下观察、压汞测试分析,粤东、粤中发育四套Ⅱ类储层和四套Ⅲ类储层;
4)粤东、粤中地区发育三套大的生储盖组合:第一组合:小水组(T_3xsh)源岩与头木冲(T_3t)-上龙水(J_1sh)-长埔组(J_1ch)储-吉水门组(J_1Lish)盖层构成古生新储的生储盖组合;第二组合:桥源组自生自储组合;第三组合:塘厦组(J_2t)上部的源与下白垩统底部合水组储盖层构成的生储盖组合。
总之,粤东、粤中地区下侏罗统银瓶山—上龙水—长埔—吉水门组发育中等-差烃源岩;侏罗系金鸡组、上龙水组、长埔组、桥源组发育砂岩储层。可见,粤东、粤中地区中生界地层具备一定的石油地质条件,为下一步“由陆及海”研究南海北部中生界的油气资源潜力提供对比资料。
Since several decades, a large number of geophysical surveys and related comprehensive researches in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea have been carrying out by our Chinese scientists, resulting in obtaining a great deal of first-hand data. In particular, they had identified and confirmed that there exists Mesozoic strata in the northern part of South China Sea through combination of geological and geophysical studies, identified and found source rocks in the eastern Guangdong, hydrocarbon show and commercial oil and gas flow in the marine Mesozoic strata of the West Taiwan, successively. So far, only China National Offshore Oil Corporate and Guangzhou Marine Geology Survey have done a few surveys for the geology and mineral resources in the northern of South China Sea, no relative surveys for the oil and gas resources has been conducted, therefore, the understandings of the fundamental petroleum geology conditions are still very limited, questions such as whether any potential commercial accumulation developed are not clear. Generally speaking, researches on the marine region are still in low level and the relative data is very limited. At present, most scholars agree that the northern part of South China Sea belongs to Paleotethys environment during the Mesozoic Era, two transgression events occurred during Later Triassic-Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, respectively. Thus, considering that the sedimentary sequences of continent and marine could be well-compared, we can apply the thinking of from land-to-sea to study the petroleum resource potential in the northern part of South China Sea.
This paper is based on the State Special Program entitled "The Studies on the Petroleum Resources Potential and Strategic Area Selection in the Northern Part of South China Sea" (the key work is focus on the aspect of continent in 2007), first, 52 source samples, 133 reservoir samples, 424 photos were obtained through investigating 8 Mesozoic outcrop profiles in the East and Central Guangdong. Then, indoor sample test analysis have been conducted, including 20 samples have been tested in the aspects of porosity, permeability, mercury penetration, 78 common thin sections and 20 casting thin sections have been prepared and identified, 10 samples have been done rock mechanical tests, two samples which are suspected as bitumen have been conducted fluorometric analysis. At last, a comprehensive evaluation map on the assemblages of the source-reservoir-cap rocks of Mesozoic strata, East and Central Guangdong, was compiled.
Based on the above-mentioned studies, main understandings are as follows:
1) As far as the Mesozoic strata is concerned, the potential reservoir are mainly sandstones occurred in Jurassic, including the Jinji Formation, Shanglongshui Formation, Changpu Formation, and Qiaoyuan Formation.
2) Based on the observation and analysis of thin-sections, the major 3 types of reservoir spaces are solution cavities, fractures, and intergranular pore, among which the intergranular solution cavity is the major reservoir space; and the types of rock are coarse-fine quartz sandstone, feldspar quartz sandstone, debris feldspar quartz sandstone, feldspar quartz rubblestone.
3) According to the field survey, reservoir property parameter test, observation under microscope and mercury penetration analysis, in the East and Central Guangdong Province, 4 sets of type II and type III reservoir are developed, respectively.
4) Three source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages developed in the continental margin of South China, i.e. the first assemblage consists of the Xiaoshui Formation (T_3xsh) as source rock and the Toumuchong Formation (T_3t)-Shanglongshui Formation (J_1sh)-Changpu Formation (J_1ch) as reservoir rock -Jishuimen Formation(J_1jsh) as cap rock; the second assemblage is the potential of self-generation and self-accumulation within the Qiaoyuan Formation; the third one comprises the upper part of the Tangxia Formation as source rock and the Heshui Formation of Lower Cretaceous as reservoir and cap rock.
In a word, the Yinpingshan-Shanglongshui-Changpu-Jishuimen Formations of the Lower Jurassic, East and Central Guangdong, developed moderate-poor source rocks, sandstone reservoir occurred within the Jinji, Shanglongshui, Changpu, Qiaoyuan Formations of the Jurassic. Thus, the Mesozoic strata in East and Central Guangdong possess some potential resources. This work can provide further study of land-to-sea with correlation data for the petroleum resources potential of the Mesozoic strata in the northern part of South China Sea.
因此,本文依托“南海北部中生界油气资源潜力研究与战略选区”国家专项(2007年工作重心在陆区),通过对粤东、粤中地区8条中生界露头剖面的油气地质条件的考察,采集到52个泥岩样和133个储层样,获取野外照片424张;在室内,分别完成了20个储层样的孔、渗、压汞测试,78个普通薄片及20个铸体薄片的制作及鉴定,10个岩石力学参数测试,2个疑似沥青分析,编制了粤东、粤中地区中生界生储盖层综合评价图。通过上述工作,取得的主要认识如下:
1)粤东、粤中陆上中生界能作为油气储层的岩石类型主要为砂岩,主要发育于侏罗系金鸡组、上龙水组、长埔组、桥源组;
2)根据岩石薄片观察分析,粤东、粤中中生界储层储集空间类型主要为溶蚀孔洞、裂缝、粒间孔三大类,其中溶蚀孔洞中的粒间溶孔是砂岩储层的主要岩石储集空间;岩石类型为粗.细粒石英砂岩、长石石英砂岩、岩屑长石石英砂岩、长石石英杂砂岩;
3)通过露头观察,孔渗测试、镜下观察、压汞测试分析,粤东、粤中发育四套Ⅱ类储层和四套Ⅲ类储层;
4)粤东、粤中地区发育三套大的生储盖组合:第一组合:小水组(T_3xsh)源岩与头木冲(T_3t)-上龙水(J_1sh)-长埔组(J_1ch)储-吉水门组(J_1Lish)盖层构成古生新储的生储盖组合;第二组合:桥源组自生自储组合;第三组合:塘厦组(J_2t)上部的源与下白垩统底部合水组储盖层构成的生储盖组合。
总之,粤东、粤中地区下侏罗统银瓶山—上龙水—长埔—吉水门组发育中等-差烃源岩;侏罗系金鸡组、上龙水组、长埔组、桥源组发育砂岩储层。可见,粤东、粤中地区中生界地层具备一定的石油地质条件,为下一步“由陆及海”研究南海北部中生界的油气资源潜力提供对比资料。
Since several decades, a large number of geophysical surveys and related comprehensive researches in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea have been carrying out by our Chinese scientists, resulting in obtaining a great deal of first-hand data. In particular, they had identified and confirmed that there exists Mesozoic strata in the northern part of South China Sea through combination of geological and geophysical studies, identified and found source rocks in the eastern Guangdong, hydrocarbon show and commercial oil and gas flow in the marine Mesozoic strata of the West Taiwan, successively. So far, only China National Offshore Oil Corporate and Guangzhou Marine Geology Survey have done a few surveys for the geology and mineral resources in the northern of South China Sea, no relative surveys for the oil and gas resources has been conducted, therefore, the understandings of the fundamental petroleum geology conditions are still very limited, questions such as whether any potential commercial accumulation developed are not clear. Generally speaking, researches on the marine region are still in low level and the relative data is very limited. At present, most scholars agree that the northern part of South China Sea belongs to Paleotethys environment during the Mesozoic Era, two transgression events occurred during Later Triassic-Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, respectively. Thus, considering that the sedimentary sequences of continent and marine could be well-compared, we can apply the thinking of from land-to-sea to study the petroleum resource potential in the northern part of South China Sea.
This paper is based on the State Special Program entitled "The Studies on the Petroleum Resources Potential and Strategic Area Selection in the Northern Part of South China Sea" (the key work is focus on the aspect of continent in 2007), first, 52 source samples, 133 reservoir samples, 424 photos were obtained through investigating 8 Mesozoic outcrop profiles in the East and Central Guangdong. Then, indoor sample test analysis have been conducted, including 20 samples have been tested in the aspects of porosity, permeability, mercury penetration, 78 common thin sections and 20 casting thin sections have been prepared and identified, 10 samples have been done rock mechanical tests, two samples which are suspected as bitumen have been conducted fluorometric analysis. At last, a comprehensive evaluation map on the assemblages of the source-reservoir-cap rocks of Mesozoic strata, East and Central Guangdong, was compiled.
Based on the above-mentioned studies, main understandings are as follows:
1) As far as the Mesozoic strata is concerned, the potential reservoir are mainly sandstones occurred in Jurassic, including the Jinji Formation, Shanglongshui Formation, Changpu Formation, and Qiaoyuan Formation.
2) Based on the observation and analysis of thin-sections, the major 3 types of reservoir spaces are solution cavities, fractures, and intergranular pore, among which the intergranular solution cavity is the major reservoir space; and the types of rock are coarse-fine quartz sandstone, feldspar quartz sandstone, debris feldspar quartz sandstone, feldspar quartz rubblestone.
3) According to the field survey, reservoir property parameter test, observation under microscope and mercury penetration analysis, in the East and Central Guangdong Province, 4 sets of type II and type III reservoir are developed, respectively.
4) Three source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages developed in the continental margin of South China, i.e. the first assemblage consists of the Xiaoshui Formation (T_3xsh) as source rock and the Toumuchong Formation (T_3t)-Shanglongshui Formation (J_1sh)-Changpu Formation (J_1ch) as reservoir rock -Jishuimen Formation(J_1jsh) as cap rock; the second assemblage is the potential of self-generation and self-accumulation within the Qiaoyuan Formation; the third one comprises the upper part of the Tangxia Formation as source rock and the Heshui Formation of Lower Cretaceous as reservoir and cap rock.
In a word, the Yinpingshan-Shanglongshui-Changpu-Jishuimen Formations of the Lower Jurassic, East and Central Guangdong, developed moderate-poor source rocks, sandstone reservoir occurred within the Jinji, Shanglongshui, Changpu, Qiaoyuan Formations of the Jurassic. Thus, the Mesozoic strata in East and Central Guangdong possess some potential resources. This work can provide further study of land-to-sea with correlation data for the petroleum resources potential of the Mesozoic strata in the northern part of South China Sea.
引文
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