基于SOA柔性高校审批流程管理应用研究
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摘要
电子校务是教育信息化的具体实现。在社会信息化背景下,众多学校组织开始利用现代信息和通信技术以建立一个面向学校广大师生员工的综合电子校务网上平台。从功能上,电子校务平台为用户提供各类丰富的信息资源服务、支持各部门工作协同、为学校高层管理者提供信息分析和决策支持服务。电子校务网上平台帮助学校组织进一步拓展与深化在教育领域的信息化应用与服务,有效支持高校业务核心能力的提升,促进无纸化办公,改进工作手段、方式和流程,增强管理沟通能力,减轻各级管理部门和教学科研人员的工作负担,提高行政办公效率和水平,电子校务平台为学校组织提供了一个全校范围的协同办公平台,以及支持校园信息资源的统一管理的信息化平台。
近年来,业务流程管理(Business Process Management,BPM)与面向服务架构(Service Oriented Architecture,SOA)正得到企业和IT人员越来越多的重视、认同和关注,对企业的架构来说,以BPM作为SOA平台,又或是将BPM作为指导实现SOA的基本理念,SOA与BPM这两个概念间的联系正变得越来越紧密。“BPM是自顶向下,业务驱动的创新;SOA是自底向上,技术驱动的创新[1]”,BPM和SOA之间的结合支持把独立的业务和流程进行组合,以构建复杂的业务应用。从业务角度来看IT技术,可以“将BPM视为一种建立在面向服务架构(SOA)方法学基础之上的‘新型开发范式’”,是基于“面向服务同时面向流程;自顶向下同时自底向上”的立场以一种更全面的视角来消除业务与技术架构的分歧,帮助企业在SOA基础上综合利用BPM工具来达到IT和业务的一致性。
本研究课题通过研究和分析业务流程管理(BPM)应用目前存在的流程固化、灵活性和可扩展性方面的不足,结合面向服务架构(SOA)的应用特点,提出将SOA和业务流程管理(BPM)进行整合,构建柔性化的电子校务网上平台审批管理流程应用的关键所在:基于SOA设计和构建的柔性流程管理应用系统,以最大化的业务敏捷性,支持高效的、灵活的、敏捷的、适应的、动态的柔性业务流程的实现,改变以往建立在静态或微动态运营环境下的管理流程技术在柔性上体现出的不足和弊端,支持学校在快速处理各种业务流程、迅速响应业务变化的能力提升。
本文研究并实现基于SOA柔性的电子校务审批流程管理应用系统,建立一个统一的校内审批流程管理应用支撑平台,保证各个应用系统之间的有效沟通,实现业务流程的完整执行。该审批平台是在基于SOA构建的柔性BPM应用,利用开源工作流引擎jBPM来设计和实现的电子校务审批流程管理应用系统。该系统解决了一般审批流程管理应用系统中流程固化的缺点,能够快速地改变系统中的审批流程,以满足现实中具体业务变化的需求,提高了系统中业务流程的柔性,具有良好的扩展性和衔接度,真正实现系统中流程的按需调整功能,更加符合现实中的业务状况,充分满足学校部门的实际需要。本次研究基于SOA柔性的流程管理应用研究,对SOA在应用中的服务设计方法、SOA应用体系框架等方面给出说明,并设计和实现了一个高校的审批流程管理应用系统,为真正实现SOA对柔性流程管理应用的支持进行研究,在SOA实战应用领域方面具有前瞻性。
With the development of information technology and internet application, the E-Education IT platform are being built up in many universities or education organizations to improve their education business and meet their developing strategy. E-Education IT platform can support unified data management, office automated (OA), multimedia education system, communication platform and integration of the various applications, as well as it can provide information sharing, effective collaboration across various departments, mutual information services for teachers and students, and management decision supporting. In summary, E-Educatoin IT platform helps education organization to archive the high performance.
Recently, Business process management (BPM) and Service Oriental Architecture (SOA) are becoming more mature after several years’development. BPM which adopts the top-down approach focuses on business-driven innovation, while SOA which adopts the bottom-up approach focuses on technology-driven innovation. From business point of view, SOA-Based BPM application is more efficient and flexible to minimize the gap between IT and business which can provide better support for business operation. Therefore, combination of SOA and BPM is a promising application style that might present a future application model trends.
This research analyzes some main features about the current Business Process Management Application. The business processes are fixed in the BPM application, once the business processes are changed, the application should be redeveloped to meet the change requirements. The main cause of absence of flexibility is software architecture. Then aiming at the problem of the absence of flexibility, high coupling and bad integrated ability in BPM application, a new application style of BPM model based on SOA is given. SOA-based BPM design methods and application architecture is described. Meanwhile, it gives the formalization descriptions of application model and system architecture. As for SOA-Based BPM application model, the business rule is encapsulated by Web services, which can improve the application flexibility.
In addition, the above-mentioned application design methods and SOA-Based BPM application architecture are applied to an Auditing process management application. Finally, make a summary of this thesis’s main research content and point out some existed problems in current model and the next step of research.
近年来,业务流程管理(Business Process Management,BPM)与面向服务架构(Service Oriented Architecture,SOA)正得到企业和IT人员越来越多的重视、认同和关注,对企业的架构来说,以BPM作为SOA平台,又或是将BPM作为指导实现SOA的基本理念,SOA与BPM这两个概念间的联系正变得越来越紧密。“BPM是自顶向下,业务驱动的创新;SOA是自底向上,技术驱动的创新[1]”,BPM和SOA之间的结合支持把独立的业务和流程进行组合,以构建复杂的业务应用。从业务角度来看IT技术,可以“将BPM视为一种建立在面向服务架构(SOA)方法学基础之上的‘新型开发范式’”,是基于“面向服务同时面向流程;自顶向下同时自底向上”的立场以一种更全面的视角来消除业务与技术架构的分歧,帮助企业在SOA基础上综合利用BPM工具来达到IT和业务的一致性。
本研究课题通过研究和分析业务流程管理(BPM)应用目前存在的流程固化、灵活性和可扩展性方面的不足,结合面向服务架构(SOA)的应用特点,提出将SOA和业务流程管理(BPM)进行整合,构建柔性化的电子校务网上平台审批管理流程应用的关键所在:基于SOA设计和构建的柔性流程管理应用系统,以最大化的业务敏捷性,支持高效的、灵活的、敏捷的、适应的、动态的柔性业务流程的实现,改变以往建立在静态或微动态运营环境下的管理流程技术在柔性上体现出的不足和弊端,支持学校在快速处理各种业务流程、迅速响应业务变化的能力提升。
本文研究并实现基于SOA柔性的电子校务审批流程管理应用系统,建立一个统一的校内审批流程管理应用支撑平台,保证各个应用系统之间的有效沟通,实现业务流程的完整执行。该审批平台是在基于SOA构建的柔性BPM应用,利用开源工作流引擎jBPM来设计和实现的电子校务审批流程管理应用系统。该系统解决了一般审批流程管理应用系统中流程固化的缺点,能够快速地改变系统中的审批流程,以满足现实中具体业务变化的需求,提高了系统中业务流程的柔性,具有良好的扩展性和衔接度,真正实现系统中流程的按需调整功能,更加符合现实中的业务状况,充分满足学校部门的实际需要。本次研究基于SOA柔性的流程管理应用研究,对SOA在应用中的服务设计方法、SOA应用体系框架等方面给出说明,并设计和实现了一个高校的审批流程管理应用系统,为真正实现SOA对柔性流程管理应用的支持进行研究,在SOA实战应用领域方面具有前瞻性。
With the development of information technology and internet application, the E-Education IT platform are being built up in many universities or education organizations to improve their education business and meet their developing strategy. E-Education IT platform can support unified data management, office automated (OA), multimedia education system, communication platform and integration of the various applications, as well as it can provide information sharing, effective collaboration across various departments, mutual information services for teachers and students, and management decision supporting. In summary, E-Educatoin IT platform helps education organization to archive the high performance.
Recently, Business process management (BPM) and Service Oriental Architecture (SOA) are becoming more mature after several years’development. BPM which adopts the top-down approach focuses on business-driven innovation, while SOA which adopts the bottom-up approach focuses on technology-driven innovation. From business point of view, SOA-Based BPM application is more efficient and flexible to minimize the gap between IT and business which can provide better support for business operation. Therefore, combination of SOA and BPM is a promising application style that might present a future application model trends.
This research analyzes some main features about the current Business Process Management Application. The business processes are fixed in the BPM application, once the business processes are changed, the application should be redeveloped to meet the change requirements. The main cause of absence of flexibility is software architecture. Then aiming at the problem of the absence of flexibility, high coupling and bad integrated ability in BPM application, a new application style of BPM model based on SOA is given. SOA-based BPM design methods and application architecture is described. Meanwhile, it gives the formalization descriptions of application model and system architecture. As for SOA-Based BPM application model, the business rule is encapsulated by Web services, which can improve the application flexibility.
In addition, the above-mentioned application design methods and SOA-Based BPM application architecture are applied to an Auditing process management application. Finally, make a summary of this thesis’s main research content and point out some existed problems in current model and the next step of research.
引文
[1] Neil Ward-Dutton,Which comes first: process or service? Part 1 [EB/OL],2008,5,13 ,http://www.ebizq.net/blogs/softwareinfrastructure/2008/05/which_comes_first_process_or_s.php.
[2]高萍,高校教育信息化体系研究[D],山东,山东师范大学,2006,5-8
[3] Mehran Nikoo,Service-Oriented Architecture, Where do we stand?[EB/OL],2003,04,16 ,http://www.dthomas.co.uk/DTALM/downloads/Service-Oriented_Architecture_Where_do_we_stand.pdf.
[4] Yefim V. Natis,Service-oriented Architecture Scenario[R],Gartner,2003.
[5] Fabio Casati,Angela Discenza,Modeling and managing interactions among business processes[J],Journal of Systems Integration,2001(4),145-168.
[6] Newcomer E,Lomow G,Understanding SOA with web services[M],北京,电子工业出版社,2006,15.
[7]稻香,柔性管理[M],北京,中国纺织出版社,2006,17-18.
[8]蒋杰,刘友华,曹天瑜,基于SOA的网络教学资源系统集成[J],科学技术与工程,2007(16),11-12.
[9] Mark Endrei,Jenny Ang,Ali Arsanjani et al,Patterns: Service-oriented architecture and web services[EB/BL] , 2004,04 ,http://www.raimcomputing.com/books/Patterns-SOAandWebServices.pdf.
[10]郭晋伟,SOA架构的管理信息系统设计与实现[D],沈阳,中国科学院研究生院(沈阳计算技术研究所),2006,12-23.
[11]董询,我眼中的SOA[J],计算机世界,2004(8),29.
[12]柴晓路,梁宇路,Web service技术、架构和应用[M],北京,电子工业出版社,2003,10-14.
[13]胡海涛,李刚,韩燕,一种面向业务用户的大粒度服务组合方法[J],计算机学报,2005(4),694-703.
[14]叶钰,应时,李伟斋等,面向服务体系结构及其系统构建研究[J],计算机应用研究,2005(2),32-34.
[15] Rag Ramanathan,面向服务的架构解决方案指南[EB/OL],2006, http://dev2dev.bea.com/pub/a/2004/l1/soa-guide.html.
[16]杨芙清,梅宏,吕建等,浅谈软件技术发展[J],电子学报,2002(12A),1901-1906.
[17]徐恩友,张宇,利用Web Service技术实现不同平台数据的交换[J],武汉工程职业技术学院学报,2007-19(4),21-23.
[18]刘英丹,董传良,利用Web Service实现企业应用集成[J],计算机应用,2003-23(7),21-22.
[19]张伟,基于SOA的可重构ERP构架设计与实现[D],广州,中山大学,2007,22-23.
[20]司莹莹,基于SOA的流程平台的设计与开发[D],北京,北京交通大学,2007,22-24.
[21]林泽坚,基于网格的工作流引擎集成研究[D],广州,中山大学,2007,23-25.
[22]李春霞,高大启,王新华,基于J2EE平台而向服务的体系结构研究与应用[J],计算机系统应用,2006(6),68-74.
[23] Ed Lynch,Chandra Venkatapathy,借助面向服务架构的业务流程整合保持企业竞争优势,IBM面向服务架构解决方案白皮书[R],IBM,2005.
[24] Dirk Krafzig,Karl Banke,Dirk Slama,Enterprise SOA——面向服务架构的最佳实践[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2006,109-120.
[25]何清法,李国杰,焦丽梅等,基于关系结构的轻量级工作流引擎[J],计算机研究与发展,2001(2),250-255.
[26]孙勇强,邓咏梅,李续武,基于EJB的业务规则引擎的设计和实现[J],计算机工程,2005(20),220-222.
[27]陶亚雄,王坚,凌卫青,基于流程知识的业务流程管理系统研究[J],制造业自动化,2007(6),9-13.
[28]王宇明,庄继晖,JBPM——一个开源J2EE工作流管理系统[J],微处理机,2006(5),21-24.
[29]朱海萍,李增智,杨怀洲,基于面向服务体系结构SOA的业务管理研究[J],北京邮电大学学报,2004(Z2),190-195.
[30]张毓鸳,支持面向服务体系结构SOA的中间件平台研究与实现[D],上海,华东师范大学,2006,6.
[31]韩春辉,面向服务的工作流系统应用研究[D],太原,太原理工大学,2007,6.
[32] Apache, The Apache Tomcat 5.5 Servlet/JSP container[EB/OL], 2009, http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-5.5-doc/index.html.
[33]张大治,精通Eclipse[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2006,400-420.
[2]高萍,高校教育信息化体系研究[D],山东,山东师范大学,2006,5-8
[3] Mehran Nikoo,Service-Oriented Architecture, Where do we stand?[EB/OL],2003,04,16 ,http://www.dthomas.co.uk/DTALM/downloads/Service-Oriented_Architecture_Where_do_we_stand.pdf.
[4] Yefim V. Natis,Service-oriented Architecture Scenario[R],Gartner,2003.
[5] Fabio Casati,Angela Discenza,Modeling and managing interactions among business processes[J],Journal of Systems Integration,2001(4),145-168.
[6] Newcomer E,Lomow G,Understanding SOA with web services[M],北京,电子工业出版社,2006,15.
[7]稻香,柔性管理[M],北京,中国纺织出版社,2006,17-18.
[8]蒋杰,刘友华,曹天瑜,基于SOA的网络教学资源系统集成[J],科学技术与工程,2007(16),11-12.
[9] Mark Endrei,Jenny Ang,Ali Arsanjani et al,Patterns: Service-oriented architecture and web services[EB/BL] , 2004,04 ,http://www.raimcomputing.com/books/Patterns-SOAandWebServices.pdf.
[10]郭晋伟,SOA架构的管理信息系统设计与实现[D],沈阳,中国科学院研究生院(沈阳计算技术研究所),2006,12-23.
[11]董询,我眼中的SOA[J],计算机世界,2004(8),29.
[12]柴晓路,梁宇路,Web service技术、架构和应用[M],北京,电子工业出版社,2003,10-14.
[13]胡海涛,李刚,韩燕,一种面向业务用户的大粒度服务组合方法[J],计算机学报,2005(4),694-703.
[14]叶钰,应时,李伟斋等,面向服务体系结构及其系统构建研究[J],计算机应用研究,2005(2),32-34.
[15] Rag Ramanathan,面向服务的架构解决方案指南[EB/OL],2006, http://dev2dev.bea.com/pub/a/2004/l1/soa-guide.html.
[16]杨芙清,梅宏,吕建等,浅谈软件技术发展[J],电子学报,2002(12A),1901-1906.
[17]徐恩友,张宇,利用Web Service技术实现不同平台数据的交换[J],武汉工程职业技术学院学报,2007-19(4),21-23.
[18]刘英丹,董传良,利用Web Service实现企业应用集成[J],计算机应用,2003-23(7),21-22.
[19]张伟,基于SOA的可重构ERP构架设计与实现[D],广州,中山大学,2007,22-23.
[20]司莹莹,基于SOA的流程平台的设计与开发[D],北京,北京交通大学,2007,22-24.
[21]林泽坚,基于网格的工作流引擎集成研究[D],广州,中山大学,2007,23-25.
[22]李春霞,高大启,王新华,基于J2EE平台而向服务的体系结构研究与应用[J],计算机系统应用,2006(6),68-74.
[23] Ed Lynch,Chandra Venkatapathy,借助面向服务架构的业务流程整合保持企业竞争优势,IBM面向服务架构解决方案白皮书[R],IBM,2005.
[24] Dirk Krafzig,Karl Banke,Dirk Slama,Enterprise SOA——面向服务架构的最佳实践[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2006,109-120.
[25]何清法,李国杰,焦丽梅等,基于关系结构的轻量级工作流引擎[J],计算机研究与发展,2001(2),250-255.
[26]孙勇强,邓咏梅,李续武,基于EJB的业务规则引擎的设计和实现[J],计算机工程,2005(20),220-222.
[27]陶亚雄,王坚,凌卫青,基于流程知识的业务流程管理系统研究[J],制造业自动化,2007(6),9-13.
[28]王宇明,庄继晖,JBPM——一个开源J2EE工作流管理系统[J],微处理机,2006(5),21-24.
[29]朱海萍,李增智,杨怀洲,基于面向服务体系结构SOA的业务管理研究[J],北京邮电大学学报,2004(Z2),190-195.
[30]张毓鸳,支持面向服务体系结构SOA的中间件平台研究与实现[D],上海,华东师范大学,2006,6.
[31]韩春辉,面向服务的工作流系统应用研究[D],太原,太原理工大学,2007,6.
[32] Apache, The Apache Tomcat 5.5 Servlet/JSP container[EB/OL], 2009, http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-5.5-doc/index.html.
[33]张大治,精通Eclipse[M],北京,清华大学出版社,2006,400-420.