基于开放式实验室途径的我国科技管理运行机制研究
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摘要
创新型国家的建设离不开创新科技管理模式。基于开放式实验室途径(Laboratory Pathway,简称L途径)的科技管理模式,充分契合了当今科技管理分散型、哑铃式和平行结构的发展趋势,有助于解决我国科技管理中存在的根本性矛盾——科技政策的制定与科技的研发之间存在着严重的信息不对称。
当今科学技术的发展与创新正发生着深刻的变革,不论是从科技发展的观念、规模,还是从科技发展的手段和形态,都日益表现出科学、社会、经济等的大融合趋势。在此背景下,科学技术和知识的生产模式也复杂多变,科技创新、国家创新正朝着多元化的方向发展。科学技术的发展呈现着渗透、交叉与融合发展的态势,研究与开发的全球化趋势明显加快,信息技术的普遍应用正在深刻地改变着传统的科研方式和创新方式。科技资源的开发、利用、占有、配置方式的选择,日益成为决定国家科技创新能力,进而决定国家核心竞争力强弱的关键因素。
国家实验室作为面向国际科技前沿建立的国家新型科研机构和国家开放性公共研究平台,是组织高水平基础研究、战略高技术研究和重要共性技术研究的“国家队”,是提升自主创新能力、建设创新型国家的重要环节。L途径科技管理模式的提出,是对当前科技资源和信息的粗放管理的挑战,是对当前科学技术和知识的生产模式和管理模式的冲击。L途径科技管理模式的建设和完善对于推动我国科技管理体制的深化改革、进一步确立科技管理部门的结构和职能定位、促进国家科技投入政策和科技管理绩效评价机制、以及科技人才聚集和科技资源的优化配置,起到巨大的促进作用。
论文按照“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的思路对L途径科技管理的前期研究回顾、相关理论、运行环境、运行机制、立法建议等展开研究,重点论述基于L途径科技管理的运行机制问题,包括L途径科技管理运行机制的主要模块、支持L途径科技管理的实证模型以及L途径科技管理的立法体系研究等。论文通过对比研究、案例研究、专题研究等把需要解决的问题逐步引向深入。
论文的第一章主要是提出所要研究的问题,论述基于L途径科技管理的研究背景和研究意义,指出L途径科技管理是对当前科技资源和信息的粗放管理的挑战,是对当前科学技术和知识的生产模式和管理模式的冲击；界定L途径科技管理核心概念,包括开放式实验室的内涵、科技创新的路径依赖和路径创造改变、科技发展与管理的非线性特征、跨社会效仿等；L途径科技管理与科技政策研究的国内外现状及其理论基础,分为四个部分：L途径科技管理的国内外研究现状、科技政策研究的综述及其研究框架、主要发达国家科技体制与创新政策概述和L途径科技管理的理论基础(包括“科、技、产”的创新基因、科技管理中的政府失灵与市场失灵、系统失效理论、委托代理理论和国家创新系统理论)。第三章论述主要国家科研机构管理(包括开放式实验室)内容,分为三个部分：第一部分是关于科研机构管理的概述及其相关理论研究、主要国家实验室建设的对比研究、世界著名国家实验室的案例研究；第四章、第五章和第六章是本论文的主体部分,全面阐述L途径科技管理运行机制相关体系,包括运行机制关键模块的研究、支持L途径科技管理运行机制的实证研究和L途径科技管理的法律法规体系研究；第七章是全文的总结和展望部分,对全文进行总结,归纳本文的主要创新点,并对就论文存在的不足与未来工作展望进行论述。
总之,本文在广泛研究美国、欧盟、日本等先进国家或地区科技管理模式以及深入分析我国科技管理现状和国情的基础上,将“研究型政府”、“开放式创新”、“协同创新”、“柔性治理”等理念与西方发达国家的开放式实验室管理经验相结合,提出基于L途径的新型科技管理模式,并就其理论基础、运作机制、法律法规等诸多方面进行论述,以期丰富公共科技管理领域的理论探讨,并为当前我国正在进行的科技体制改革提供理论上的支撑与实践上的参考。
Construction of an innovative country requires an innovative management mode for science and technology. The science and technology management (S&TM) model based on the open laboratory (L pathway), goes closely with the development trend of S&TM, which is featured by dispersion, dumbbell-style and parallel structure. It helps solve the fundamental contradiction existing in S&TM in China—serious information asymmetry between Sci-Tech policy-making and R&D.
The development and innovation of science and technology today is undergoing profound changes, either from the concept of development of science and technology, scale, or from the means of technology development and morphology are increasingly showing the scientific, social, economic, and other large convergence trend. In this context, science and technology, and knowledge production mode is also complex and changing, technological innovation, the National Innovation is moving in the direction of diversification. The development of science and technology presents penetration, cross-fusion development trend, the trend is clearly accelerating globalization of research and development, and the universal application of information technology is profoundly changing the traditional scientific research and innovation. The development of scientific and technological resources, the use, possession, the choice of configuration, become increasingly decide the national scientific and technological innovation capability, and thus determine the strength of the country's core competitiveness, the key factors.
National Laboratory is an open platform for public research. National Laboratory is the national team of organizing high-level basic research, strategic high-tech research and key generic technology research, and it is also the important part to enhance the capability of independent innovation and building an innovation-oriented country. The proposing of L pathway technology management model is a challenge of the current extensive technological resources and information management, and it is also a shock of the current knowledge of science and technology and modes of production and management. The construction and improvement of L pathway technology management model will play a huge role in deepening the reform of science and technology management system, further establishing the technology management department structure and functions of position, promoting national science and technology investment policy and technology management performance evaluation mechanisms, and technology professional aggregation optimize resource allocation and technology.
This paper was organized in accordance with the idea of"ask a question-analysis of the problem-to solve the problem".The paper was discussed the main pathway for L preliminary study technology management review, relevant theories, operating environment, operation mechanism, legislative proposals and other conduct research. And it was mainly focused on technology management approach based on L operating mechanism, including L pathway technology management major modules operating mechanism to support L pathway empirical models and technology management and L pathway legislative system research. By comparing research, case studies, thematic studies, the paper of solved the problem in depth step by step.
Based on S&TM modes in USA, Europe and Japan, as well as the Chinese status quo of S&TM and country conditions, this proposal integrates the concepts of "research-oriented government","open innovation","collaborative innovation" and "flexible governance" with the management experiences of the open laboratory in developed countries,and suggests a new S&TM model that includes three main modes/paths:commission management, parallel grafting and instant reconstruction. It also discusses the operation mechanism of this new model in details. The goals of this proposal are to enrich the theoretical discussion on government S&TM,and to provide theoretical support and practical implications for the ongoing Chinese science and technology system reform.
当今科学技术的发展与创新正发生着深刻的变革,不论是从科技发展的观念、规模,还是从科技发展的手段和形态,都日益表现出科学、社会、经济等的大融合趋势。在此背景下,科学技术和知识的生产模式也复杂多变,科技创新、国家创新正朝着多元化的方向发展。科学技术的发展呈现着渗透、交叉与融合发展的态势,研究与开发的全球化趋势明显加快,信息技术的普遍应用正在深刻地改变着传统的科研方式和创新方式。科技资源的开发、利用、占有、配置方式的选择,日益成为决定国家科技创新能力,进而决定国家核心竞争力强弱的关键因素。
国家实验室作为面向国际科技前沿建立的国家新型科研机构和国家开放性公共研究平台,是组织高水平基础研究、战略高技术研究和重要共性技术研究的“国家队”,是提升自主创新能力、建设创新型国家的重要环节。L途径科技管理模式的提出,是对当前科技资源和信息的粗放管理的挑战,是对当前科学技术和知识的生产模式和管理模式的冲击。L途径科技管理模式的建设和完善对于推动我国科技管理体制的深化改革、进一步确立科技管理部门的结构和职能定位、促进国家科技投入政策和科技管理绩效评价机制、以及科技人才聚集和科技资源的优化配置,起到巨大的促进作用。
论文按照“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的思路对L途径科技管理的前期研究回顾、相关理论、运行环境、运行机制、立法建议等展开研究,重点论述基于L途径科技管理的运行机制问题,包括L途径科技管理运行机制的主要模块、支持L途径科技管理的实证模型以及L途径科技管理的立法体系研究等。论文通过对比研究、案例研究、专题研究等把需要解决的问题逐步引向深入。
论文的第一章主要是提出所要研究的问题,论述基于L途径科技管理的研究背景和研究意义,指出L途径科技管理是对当前科技资源和信息的粗放管理的挑战,是对当前科学技术和知识的生产模式和管理模式的冲击；界定L途径科技管理核心概念,包括开放式实验室的内涵、科技创新的路径依赖和路径创造改变、科技发展与管理的非线性特征、跨社会效仿等；L途径科技管理与科技政策研究的国内外现状及其理论基础,分为四个部分：L途径科技管理的国内外研究现状、科技政策研究的综述及其研究框架、主要发达国家科技体制与创新政策概述和L途径科技管理的理论基础(包括“科、技、产”的创新基因、科技管理中的政府失灵与市场失灵、系统失效理论、委托代理理论和国家创新系统理论)。第三章论述主要国家科研机构管理(包括开放式实验室)内容,分为三个部分：第一部分是关于科研机构管理的概述及其相关理论研究、主要国家实验室建设的对比研究、世界著名国家实验室的案例研究；第四章、第五章和第六章是本论文的主体部分,全面阐述L途径科技管理运行机制相关体系,包括运行机制关键模块的研究、支持L途径科技管理运行机制的实证研究和L途径科技管理的法律法规体系研究；第七章是全文的总结和展望部分,对全文进行总结,归纳本文的主要创新点,并对就论文存在的不足与未来工作展望进行论述。
总之,本文在广泛研究美国、欧盟、日本等先进国家或地区科技管理模式以及深入分析我国科技管理现状和国情的基础上,将“研究型政府”、“开放式创新”、“协同创新”、“柔性治理”等理念与西方发达国家的开放式实验室管理经验相结合,提出基于L途径的新型科技管理模式,并就其理论基础、运作机制、法律法规等诸多方面进行论述,以期丰富公共科技管理领域的理论探讨,并为当前我国正在进行的科技体制改革提供理论上的支撑与实践上的参考。
Construction of an innovative country requires an innovative management mode for science and technology. The science and technology management (S&TM) model based on the open laboratory (L pathway), goes closely with the development trend of S&TM, which is featured by dispersion, dumbbell-style and parallel structure. It helps solve the fundamental contradiction existing in S&TM in China—serious information asymmetry between Sci-Tech policy-making and R&D.
The development and innovation of science and technology today is undergoing profound changes, either from the concept of development of science and technology, scale, or from the means of technology development and morphology are increasingly showing the scientific, social, economic, and other large convergence trend. In this context, science and technology, and knowledge production mode is also complex and changing, technological innovation, the National Innovation is moving in the direction of diversification. The development of science and technology presents penetration, cross-fusion development trend, the trend is clearly accelerating globalization of research and development, and the universal application of information technology is profoundly changing the traditional scientific research and innovation. The development of scientific and technological resources, the use, possession, the choice of configuration, become increasingly decide the national scientific and technological innovation capability, and thus determine the strength of the country's core competitiveness, the key factors.
National Laboratory is an open platform for public research. National Laboratory is the national team of organizing high-level basic research, strategic high-tech research and key generic technology research, and it is also the important part to enhance the capability of independent innovation and building an innovation-oriented country. The proposing of L pathway technology management model is a challenge of the current extensive technological resources and information management, and it is also a shock of the current knowledge of science and technology and modes of production and management. The construction and improvement of L pathway technology management model will play a huge role in deepening the reform of science and technology management system, further establishing the technology management department structure and functions of position, promoting national science and technology investment policy and technology management performance evaluation mechanisms, and technology professional aggregation optimize resource allocation and technology.
This paper was organized in accordance with the idea of"ask a question-analysis of the problem-to solve the problem".The paper was discussed the main pathway for L preliminary study technology management review, relevant theories, operating environment, operation mechanism, legislative proposals and other conduct research. And it was mainly focused on technology management approach based on L operating mechanism, including L pathway technology management major modules operating mechanism to support L pathway empirical models and technology management and L pathway legislative system research. By comparing research, case studies, thematic studies, the paper of solved the problem in depth step by step.
Based on S&TM modes in USA, Europe and Japan, as well as the Chinese status quo of S&TM and country conditions, this proposal integrates the concepts of "research-oriented government","open innovation","collaborative innovation" and "flexible governance" with the management experiences of the open laboratory in developed countries,and suggests a new S&TM model that includes three main modes/paths:commission management, parallel grafting and instant reconstruction. It also discusses the operation mechanism of this new model in details. The goals of this proposal are to enrich the theoretical discussion on government S&TM,and to provide theoretical support and practical implications for the ongoing Chinese science and technology system reform.
引文
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