多波束探鱼仪模拟系统实现与数字逻辑设计
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摘要
探鱼仪是一种能够对水下鱼群进行探测与定位的助渔设备,它可以迅速发现鱼群,降低捕捞的盲目性,提高捕鱼效率。本文以多波束探鱼仪课题为背景,在对多波束探鱼仪的多通道发射机、多通道接收机、电源系统以及数字信号处理平台的逻辑设计方案进行了研究的基础上,完成了相应的设计与调试工作。
在多通道发射机的设计过程中,首先通过对各种功率放大电路的比较研究,将发射机的电路形式确定为高效率的D类功率放大电路；在多通道发射机的设计过程中重点考虑了功放管选择、变压器设计、阻抗匹配、功放管驱动电路、储能电容计算等问题。
电源系统的设计采用集成的DC/DC电源模块实现多种电压的输出,为了使电源输出的噪声与纹波特性可以达到要求,设计了电源模块的外围滤波电路。同时在电源板上还设计了控制电源模块工作顺序的电路模块。
多通道接收机由可控增益放大电路、带通滤波器电路及固定增益放大电路等三部分组成。在多通道接收机设计中,低噪声、一致性是重点与难点。本文通过对噪声源、运算放大器和PCB布局布线的研究有效抑制了接收机的噪声。为了保证多通道接收机各通道间的一致性,采用了简化双二次型带通滤波器作为接收机的滤波电路,并通过理论分析与计算确定了滤波器参数。
数字信号处理平台以DSP和FPGA为核心器件,其中DSP是计算与控制核心,FPGA在DSP控制下完成相应的功能。本文完成FPGA部分的逻辑编写与调试工作,主要包括发射机的32路发射信号产生、32路数据采集、键盘控制、LCD控制、数模转换器控制等部分,还研究了相控发射的原理与带通采样原理。
Fish-finder is an equipment helping to fish, which can detect and locate the position of underwater fish school quickly. Besides, it can reduce the catching blindness and improve the fishing efficiency. This paper does many researches on and complete the design of multi-channel sonar transmitter and receiver, the system power board and the logic of signal processing platform by taking the project of multi-beam fish-finder as background.
During the design of multi-channel transmitter, many kinds of amplifiers are first compared carefully, and the D class power amplifier is chosen. Then the key researches points are focused on the choices of amplifier tube, transformer design, technique of matching network, the driver circuit of D class power amplifier and reserved capacitance calculation.
The power system board is designed with the DC/DC module to provide many kinds of power supplies. In order to make the noise and ripple of output power to meet the requirement, the peripheral filter circuits of power module are designed and debug. Meanwhile, the circuit that can control the sequence of the power modules is added to the power system board.
Multi-channel sonar receiver designed in this paper is mainly composed of Automatic Gain Control circuit, band-pass filter circuit and fixed-plus amplifier circuit. Among the design of multi-channel receiver, the design of low noise and phase coherence are the key points and difficulties. The study of noise source, amplifier and PCB layout wiring in this paper effectively eliminates the noise of the receiver. In order to guarantee the phase coherence of the multi-channel receiver, a GIC band-pass filter is used as receiver filter circuit, and the filter parameters are determined by theoretical analysis and calculation.
DSP and FPGA are the core processors on the digital signal processing platform of the multi-beam fish-finder. DSP is the core of calculation and control, and with its assistance FPGA can finish the corresponding function. This paper completes the logic design and its debugging based on FPGA, which mainly includes signal source of transmitter, 32-channel data acquisition, keyboard control, LCD control, D/A control and so on. During the design of signal source module and data acquisition module, the principle of the multi-channel phase control transmitter and band-pass sampling theory are studied.
在多通道发射机的设计过程中,首先通过对各种功率放大电路的比较研究,将发射机的电路形式确定为高效率的D类功率放大电路；在多通道发射机的设计过程中重点考虑了功放管选择、变压器设计、阻抗匹配、功放管驱动电路、储能电容计算等问题。
电源系统的设计采用集成的DC/DC电源模块实现多种电压的输出,为了使电源输出的噪声与纹波特性可以达到要求,设计了电源模块的外围滤波电路。同时在电源板上还设计了控制电源模块工作顺序的电路模块。
多通道接收机由可控增益放大电路、带通滤波器电路及固定增益放大电路等三部分组成。在多通道接收机设计中,低噪声、一致性是重点与难点。本文通过对噪声源、运算放大器和PCB布局布线的研究有效抑制了接收机的噪声。为了保证多通道接收机各通道间的一致性,采用了简化双二次型带通滤波器作为接收机的滤波电路,并通过理论分析与计算确定了滤波器参数。
数字信号处理平台以DSP和FPGA为核心器件,其中DSP是计算与控制核心,FPGA在DSP控制下完成相应的功能。本文完成FPGA部分的逻辑编写与调试工作,主要包括发射机的32路发射信号产生、32路数据采集、键盘控制、LCD控制、数模转换器控制等部分,还研究了相控发射的原理与带通采样原理。
Fish-finder is an equipment helping to fish, which can detect and locate the position of underwater fish school quickly. Besides, it can reduce the catching blindness and improve the fishing efficiency. This paper does many researches on and complete the design of multi-channel sonar transmitter and receiver, the system power board and the logic of signal processing platform by taking the project of multi-beam fish-finder as background.
During the design of multi-channel transmitter, many kinds of amplifiers are first compared carefully, and the D class power amplifier is chosen. Then the key researches points are focused on the choices of amplifier tube, transformer design, technique of matching network, the driver circuit of D class power amplifier and reserved capacitance calculation.
The power system board is designed with the DC/DC module to provide many kinds of power supplies. In order to make the noise and ripple of output power to meet the requirement, the peripheral filter circuits of power module are designed and debug. Meanwhile, the circuit that can control the sequence of the power modules is added to the power system board.
Multi-channel sonar receiver designed in this paper is mainly composed of Automatic Gain Control circuit, band-pass filter circuit and fixed-plus amplifier circuit. Among the design of multi-channel receiver, the design of low noise and phase coherence are the key points and difficulties. The study of noise source, amplifier and PCB layout wiring in this paper effectively eliminates the noise of the receiver. In order to guarantee the phase coherence of the multi-channel receiver, a GIC band-pass filter is used as receiver filter circuit, and the filter parameters are determined by theoretical analysis and calculation.
DSP and FPGA are the core processors on the digital signal processing platform of the multi-beam fish-finder. DSP is the core of calculation and control, and with its assistance FPGA can finish the corresponding function. This paper completes the logic design and its debugging based on FPGA, which mainly includes signal source of transmitter, 32-channel data acquisition, keyboard control, LCD control, D/A control and so on. During the design of signal source module and data acquisition module, the principle of the multi-channel phase control transmitter and band-pass sampling theory are studied.
引文
[1]张淑娟.多波束探鱼仪相控阵设计及信号处理平台实现.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2009,1页
[2]栾忠世.双频探鱼仪显示与控制软件开发.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2009,1页
[3]牟冬英.探鱼仪的信号探测与识别.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2004,1页
[4]徐皓.我国渔业装备与工程学科发展报告(2005-2006).渔业现代化.2007,34(4)：1-8页
[5]中国北方水产网http://www.sdsd.net/scfg/scfg5.htm
[6]加藤增夫.探鱼仪的有效使用方法.农业出版社.1979,8：42-96页
[7]Josef M.Jech, D.M.Schael, C.S.Clay. Application of three sound scattering models to threadfin shad(Dorosoma petenense). J.Acouse.Soc.AM.1995,98(4):2263-2265P
[8]Clarence S.Clay, John K.Horne. Acoustic models of fish:The Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua). J.Acouse.Soc.AM.1994,9,96(3):1164-1166P
[9]J.D.Wwarren, T.K.Stanton, M.C.Benfield, P.H.Wiede, D.Chu. In Situ Measurments of Acosutic Target Strengths of Siphonophores. Htm(1 of 6) 2007:11-29p
[10]Raymarine. C-Series Fish-finder Operation Reference Manual.2004
[11]Precision and high-performance color video sounder with furuno's stabilizing technology Model FCV_30
[12]精导科仪.http://www.p-nav.com.cn
[13]徐皓.渔业装备研究的发展与展望.渔业现代化.2003,3：3-6页
[14]于铭,杨士莪,牟冬英.被动式探鱼仪的信号检测与方位估计.哈尔滨工业大学学报.2008,1：147-151页
[15]于铭,杨士莪,陈楚.基于探鱼仪的目标双普特征提取.山东农业大学学报.2005,36(3)：367-369页
[16]张小辉.多波束探鱼仪信号采集与处理板设计与实现.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2008
[17]田坦,刘国枝,孙大军.声呐技术.哈尔滨工程大学出版社.1999
[18]徐亚军.数字功放与宽带匹配技术研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2006,9-18页
[19]李凤军.多通道发射机与接收机设计及其相位一致性测试算法研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2009,8页
[20]胡长阳.D类和E类开关模式功率放大器.高等教育出版社.1985,1
[21]Fairchild Semiconductor Incorporated. IRF540N HEXFET Power MOSFET Data Sheet.2004
[22]张明伟.长程超短基线定位系统硬件电路设计.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2007,7页
[23]MICREL. MIC4423/4424/4425 Dual 3A-Peak Low-Side MOSFET Driver Bipolar/CMOS/DMOS Process Data Sheet. 2005
[24]上海恒率电源科技有限公司.产品规格书.
[25]戴逸松.电子系统噪声及低噪声设计方法.吉林人民出版社.1984
[26]戴逸松.前置放大器的NF图及其应用.电子技术应用.
[27]C.D.Motchenbacher and J.A.Connelly. Low-Noise Electronic System Design. John Wiey & Sons, Now York,1993
[28]Sergio Franco刘树棠,朱茂林,荣玫译.基于运算放大器和模拟集成电路的电路设计.西安交通大学出版社.2004
[29]David E. Johnson, Johnny R. Johnson, John L. Hilburn. Electric Circuit Analysis. Prentice-Hall,1989
[30]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础.高等教育出版社.2001
[31]谢红.模拟电子技术基础.哈尔滨工程大学出版社.2003
[32]高忠斌.模块化接收机与多通道数据采集电路设计.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2010,20页
[33]周润景,袁伟亭,张鹏飞.Cadence高速电路板设计与仿真.电子工业出版社.
[34]ANALOG DEVICES Wide Bandwidth, DC-Coupled VGA AD8336 DATASHEET. 2006
[35]电子电路百科全书翻译组译.电子电路百科全书.科学出版社.1986
[36]Henry W.Ott.电子系统中的噪声抑制与衰减技术.电子工业出版社.2003
[37]ANALOG DEVICES Inc. High Performance,145MHz Fast FET Op Amps AD8065/8066 DATASHEET.2004
[38]TMS320C6713B Float-Point Digital Signal Processor SPRS294B-OCTOBER 2005-REVISED JUNE 2006
[39]卞红雨,纪祥春,乔刚,张小平,王继胜,郭元曦编译.TMS320C6000系列DSP的CPU与外设.清华大学出版社.2007
[40]Altera, Inc. Cyclone II Device Handbook. Altera Corporation.2006
[41]王钿,卓兴旺.基于Verilog HDL的数字系统应用设计.国防工业出版社.2007
[42]刘树棠译.信号与系统.西安交通大学出版社.1998
[43]阎石.数字电子技术基础.高等教育出版社.1997
[44]Y. Wu. A proof on the minimum and permissible sampling rates for the first-ordersampling of bandpass signals. Digtal Signal Processing. 2007, 17(4): 848-854P
[45]N. Wong, T. S. Ng. An Efficient Algorithm for Downconverting Multiple Bandpass Signals Using Bandpass Sampling. in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits andSystems. 2001,6:910-914P
[46]田孝文,莫翠琼.基于带通采样技术的数据采集.船舶电子工程.总第150期2005年第六期.
[47]ANALOG DEVICES 250 KSPS,6-Channel, Simultaneous Sampling, Bipolar, 16-/14-/12-Bit ADC.2008
[48]田坦.水下定位与导航.国防工业出版社.2006
[49]Maxim+3V/+5V, Serial-Input, Voltage-Output,16-Bit DAC MAX5442
[50]奇美电子.www.chimei-innolux.com
[51]方显科技.FX-T8048C64K控制板使用手册.
[52]ISSI.512K x 16 HIGH SPEED ASYNCHRONOUS CMOS STATIC RAM.2005
[53]程利荣.HD7279A在单片机通用输入口扩展方面的妙用.电测与仪表.2005,42(3)：49-50,63页
[54]HD7279 DATASHEET第四版.
[2]栾忠世.双频探鱼仪显示与控制软件开发.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2009,1页
[3]牟冬英.探鱼仪的信号探测与识别.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2004,1页
[4]徐皓.我国渔业装备与工程学科发展报告(2005-2006).渔业现代化.2007,34(4)：1-8页
[5]中国北方水产网http://www.sdsd.net/scfg/scfg5.htm
[6]加藤增夫.探鱼仪的有效使用方法.农业出版社.1979,8：42-96页
[7]Josef M.Jech, D.M.Schael, C.S.Clay. Application of three sound scattering models to threadfin shad(Dorosoma petenense). J.Acouse.Soc.AM.1995,98(4):2263-2265P
[8]Clarence S.Clay, John K.Horne. Acoustic models of fish:The Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua). J.Acouse.Soc.AM.1994,9,96(3):1164-1166P
[9]J.D.Wwarren, T.K.Stanton, M.C.Benfield, P.H.Wiede, D.Chu. In Situ Measurments of Acosutic Target Strengths of Siphonophores. Htm(1 of 6) 2007:11-29p
[10]Raymarine. C-Series Fish-finder Operation Reference Manual.2004
[11]Precision and high-performance color video sounder with furuno's stabilizing technology Model FCV_30
[12]精导科仪.http://www.p-nav.com.cn
[13]徐皓.渔业装备研究的发展与展望.渔业现代化.2003,3：3-6页
[14]于铭,杨士莪,牟冬英.被动式探鱼仪的信号检测与方位估计.哈尔滨工业大学学报.2008,1：147-151页
[15]于铭,杨士莪,陈楚.基于探鱼仪的目标双普特征提取.山东农业大学学报.2005,36(3)：367-369页
[16]张小辉.多波束探鱼仪信号采集与处理板设计与实现.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2008
[17]田坦,刘国枝,孙大军.声呐技术.哈尔滨工程大学出版社.1999
[18]徐亚军.数字功放与宽带匹配技术研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2006,9-18页
[19]李凤军.多通道发射机与接收机设计及其相位一致性测试算法研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2009,8页
[20]胡长阳.D类和E类开关模式功率放大器.高等教育出版社.1985,1
[21]Fairchild Semiconductor Incorporated. IRF540N HEXFET Power MOSFET Data Sheet.2004
[22]张明伟.长程超短基线定位系统硬件电路设计.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2007,7页
[23]MICREL. MIC4423/4424/4425 Dual 3A-Peak Low-Side MOSFET Driver Bipolar/CMOS/DMOS Process Data Sheet. 2005
[24]上海恒率电源科技有限公司.产品规格书.
[25]戴逸松.电子系统噪声及低噪声设计方法.吉林人民出版社.1984
[26]戴逸松.前置放大器的NF图及其应用.电子技术应用.
[27]C.D.Motchenbacher and J.A.Connelly. Low-Noise Electronic System Design. John Wiey & Sons, Now York,1993
[28]Sergio Franco刘树棠,朱茂林,荣玫译.基于运算放大器和模拟集成电路的电路设计.西安交通大学出版社.2004
[29]David E. Johnson, Johnny R. Johnson, John L. Hilburn. Electric Circuit Analysis. Prentice-Hall,1989
[30]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础.高等教育出版社.2001
[31]谢红.模拟电子技术基础.哈尔滨工程大学出版社.2003
[32]高忠斌.模块化接收机与多通道数据采集电路设计.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2010,20页
[33]周润景,袁伟亭,张鹏飞.Cadence高速电路板设计与仿真.电子工业出版社.
[34]ANALOG DEVICES Wide Bandwidth, DC-Coupled VGA AD8336 DATASHEET. 2006
[35]电子电路百科全书翻译组译.电子电路百科全书.科学出版社.1986
[36]Henry W.Ott.电子系统中的噪声抑制与衰减技术.电子工业出版社.2003
[37]ANALOG DEVICES Inc. High Performance,145MHz Fast FET Op Amps AD8065/8066 DATASHEET.2004
[38]TMS320C6713B Float-Point Digital Signal Processor SPRS294B-OCTOBER 2005-REVISED JUNE 2006
[39]卞红雨,纪祥春,乔刚,张小平,王继胜,郭元曦编译.TMS320C6000系列DSP的CPU与外设.清华大学出版社.2007
[40]Altera, Inc. Cyclone II Device Handbook. Altera Corporation.2006
[41]王钿,卓兴旺.基于Verilog HDL的数字系统应用设计.国防工业出版社.2007
[42]刘树棠译.信号与系统.西安交通大学出版社.1998
[43]阎石.数字电子技术基础.高等教育出版社.1997
[44]Y. Wu. A proof on the minimum and permissible sampling rates for the first-ordersampling of bandpass signals. Digtal Signal Processing. 2007, 17(4): 848-854P
[45]N. Wong, T. S. Ng. An Efficient Algorithm for Downconverting Multiple Bandpass Signals Using Bandpass Sampling. in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits andSystems. 2001,6:910-914P
[46]田孝文,莫翠琼.基于带通采样技术的数据采集.船舶电子工程.总第150期2005年第六期.
[47]ANALOG DEVICES 250 KSPS,6-Channel, Simultaneous Sampling, Bipolar, 16-/14-/12-Bit ADC.2008
[48]田坦.水下定位与导航.国防工业出版社.2006
[49]Maxim+3V/+5V, Serial-Input, Voltage-Output,16-Bit DAC MAX5442
[50]奇美电子.www.chimei-innolux.com
[51]方显科技.FX-T8048C64K控制板使用手册.
[52]ISSI.512K x 16 HIGH SPEED ASYNCHRONOUS CMOS STATIC RAM.2005
[53]程利荣.HD7279A在单片机通用输入口扩展方面的妙用.电测与仪表.2005,42(3)：49-50,63页
[54]HD7279 DATASHEET第四版.