基于小波变换自适应数字图像水印算法的研究与实现
摘要
随着计算机网络的快速发展,网络上传输的信息模式发生了翻天覆地的变化,信息的交流变得更加快捷,形式也呈现多样化。尤其是数字图像形式的传播也变得越来越普遍。由于数字内容很容易复制、修改,网络上传播的数字内容存在着大量的盗版和侵权问题,因此对知识产权的保护越来越引起重视。数字水印作为信息安全领域的一门新兴学科,己经引起了人们的极大关注。作为信息隐藏技术在计算机领域的一项重要应用,数字水印为保护多媒体信息的版权及信息的合法使用提供了一种新的解决思路。将水印嵌入到数字化媒体中,然后通过对水印的检测和提取来对数字产品的使用情况进行跟踪,从而实现隐藏传输、秘密存储、版权保护等功能。
小波分析由于具有多分辨率和多尺度分析特性,在图像处理方面得到了广泛应用。利用小波分析可以更好地控制水印信息在图像中的分布,从而协调解决稳健性和不可见性之间的矛盾。
本文以静止图像作为研究对象,首先阐述了图像数字水印的基本原理和特征,介绍了数字水印的常见算法及图像数字水印评估方法,同时介绍了小波分析的基础理论及其在图像数字水印中的应用与发展前景。通过对水印信号的选择,小波基、分解级数和小波系数选择的确定及人类视觉掩蔽特性的利用等几个重要问题的分析,为了解决水印鲁棒性和不可见性的矛盾问题,提出了基于小波变换自适应图像数字水印算法。并通过剪切、加噪、滤波、锐化、模糊等几种攻击对该算法进行了测试与性能评估,实验结果表明该算法对一般攻击与图像处理具有较强的的鲁棒性。
最后,总结了研究结果并对数字水印的进一步发展进行了展望。
With the rapid development of computer networks, the information transmission model has undergone enormous changes, the exchange of information has become more efficient and the form of information has been diversified. Especially, the form of digital image transmission is becoming more prevalent. As digital information can be copied and modified easily, there are a large number of infringement and piracy issues in the network transmission of digital content. Consequently more and more attention has been paid to the protection of intellectual property rights. Digital watermarking as a new information security has attracted people’s attention. As one of the important applications of information hiding technology in the computer field, digital watermarking provides a new solution to protect the copyright of multimedia information, and the legitimate use of information. It embeds watermarks into digital multimedia, then by the detection and extraction of watermark to track the use of digital products, thus carries out the functions such as hidden transmission, secret storing, copyright protection.
Wavelet analysis has been widely used in image processing due to its multiresolution and multiscale analysis characteristics. In addition, using wavelet analysis can better control the distribution of watermark information in an image, thus resolve the contradiction between robustness and imperceptibility harmoniously.
This thesis takes still images as example, firstly expounds basic theory and character of image digital watermarking, and introducts the common algorithms and performance evaluation methods of watermarking, at the same time introduces the basic theory of wavelet analysis and its applications and development prospects in image digital watermarking. By the selection of watermark signal, choosing of wavelet bases, decomposing level and wavelet coefficients, and the use of human visual system(HVS). To solve the contradiction between robustness and imperceptibility of watermarking, an algorithm based on adaptive wavelet digital image watermarking is proposed. The algorithm is tested and capability evaluated through several attacks ,such as cutting, adding noise, filtering, sharpening, fuzzy, the results show that the algorithm has highly robustness to resist general attack and image processing.
Finally, the findings have been summarized and the further development of the digital watermarking has been predicted.
小波分析由于具有多分辨率和多尺度分析特性,在图像处理方面得到了广泛应用。利用小波分析可以更好地控制水印信息在图像中的分布,从而协调解决稳健性和不可见性之间的矛盾。
本文以静止图像作为研究对象,首先阐述了图像数字水印的基本原理和特征,介绍了数字水印的常见算法及图像数字水印评估方法,同时介绍了小波分析的基础理论及其在图像数字水印中的应用与发展前景。通过对水印信号的选择,小波基、分解级数和小波系数选择的确定及人类视觉掩蔽特性的利用等几个重要问题的分析,为了解决水印鲁棒性和不可见性的矛盾问题,提出了基于小波变换自适应图像数字水印算法。并通过剪切、加噪、滤波、锐化、模糊等几种攻击对该算法进行了测试与性能评估,实验结果表明该算法对一般攻击与图像处理具有较强的的鲁棒性。
最后,总结了研究结果并对数字水印的进一步发展进行了展望。
With the rapid development of computer networks, the information transmission model has undergone enormous changes, the exchange of information has become more efficient and the form of information has been diversified. Especially, the form of digital image transmission is becoming more prevalent. As digital information can be copied and modified easily, there are a large number of infringement and piracy issues in the network transmission of digital content. Consequently more and more attention has been paid to the protection of intellectual property rights. Digital watermarking as a new information security has attracted people’s attention. As one of the important applications of information hiding technology in the computer field, digital watermarking provides a new solution to protect the copyright of multimedia information, and the legitimate use of information. It embeds watermarks into digital multimedia, then by the detection and extraction of watermark to track the use of digital products, thus carries out the functions such as hidden transmission, secret storing, copyright protection.
Wavelet analysis has been widely used in image processing due to its multiresolution and multiscale analysis characteristics. In addition, using wavelet analysis can better control the distribution of watermark information in an image, thus resolve the contradiction between robustness and imperceptibility harmoniously.
This thesis takes still images as example, firstly expounds basic theory and character of image digital watermarking, and introducts the common algorithms and performance evaluation methods of watermarking, at the same time introduces the basic theory of wavelet analysis and its applications and development prospects in image digital watermarking. By the selection of watermark signal, choosing of wavelet bases, decomposing level and wavelet coefficients, and the use of human visual system(HVS). To solve the contradiction between robustness and imperceptibility of watermarking, an algorithm based on adaptive wavelet digital image watermarking is proposed. The algorithm is tested and capability evaluated through several attacks ,such as cutting, adding noise, filtering, sharpening, fuzzy, the results show that the algorithm has highly robustness to resist general attack and image processing.
Finally, the findings have been summarized and the further development of the digital watermarking has been predicted.
引文
[1] A.Tirkel,G.Rankin,and C.Osborne."Electronic Watermark" in Proc.DICTA 1993,Dec:666-672
[2] Johnson N F,Jajodia S.Exploring steganography:seeing the unseen[J].IEEE computer,1998,31(2):26-34
[3] Aderson R J,Nakamura Y,Matsui K.The steganographie file system[A].Proceeding of Information Hiding' 98[C],1998:73-82
[4]董玉格.网络安全与使用防护技术[M].人民邮电出版社,2001:35-37
[5] Doerr C , Dugelay J-L . Signal Processing : Image Communication. A guide tour of video watermarking[J].2003,18 (4):263-282
[6] Van Schyndel R.G,Tirkel A.Z,Osborne C.F.A digital Watermark[A].ProcICIP’94[C].1994:86-90
[7]归奕红,黄力.数字水印技术的发展现状与前景[J].商业技术.2006:5-6
[8] G.W.Braudaway.Protecting Publicly-available Images with An Invisible Image Watermark[A].International Conference on Image Processing[C],Oct.26-29,1997,1:524-527
[9]钮心忻.信息隐藏与数字水印[M].北京邮电出版社,2004:134-136
[10]潘志光.基于变换域的数字水印算法研究[M].上海交通大学出版社,2007:8-9
[11]王丽娜,郭迟,李鹏.信息以藏技术实验教程[M].武汉大学出版社,2004:142-187,281-286
[12]高志荣,陈传波.一种基于水印DCT变换的数字图像水印算法[J].计算机与现代化.2004,12:13-l4
[13]余江龙,张学杰.一种基于DWT和DFT的数字图像水印算法[J].云南民族大学学报(自然科学版).2004,13(3):210-213
[14]冯波,沈春林.数字水印技术的攻击方法及对策[J].电脑开发与应用.2005(12):3-4
[15]崔锦泰.小波分析导论[M].西安交通大学出版社,1995,7:20-21
[16]李世雄.小波变换及其应用[M].高等教育出版社,1997,10:12-14
[17]程正兴.小波分析算法及应用[M].西安交通大学出版社,1998,5:25-26
[18]彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用[M].科学出版社,1996,6:1-2,16-17,28-30
[19]梁学章,何甲兴,王新民等.小波分析[M].北京国防工业出版社,2005:23-25
[20]飞思科技产品研发中心.MATLAB 6.5辅助小波分析与应用[M].电子工业出版社,2003:7-8,202-203
[21]王丽娜,张焕国.信息隐藏技术与应用[M].武汉大学出版社,2003:39-41
[22]成礼智,郭汉伟.小波域离散变换理论及工程实践[M].清华大学出版社,2005:40-41
[23]周熠.图像数字水印中的小波变换技术研究[J].计算机与数字工程.2004,4:72-75
[24] J.G.Cao,J.E.Fowler,N.H.Younan.An Image-adaptive Watermark Based on A Redundant Wavelet Transform[A]. International Conference on Image Processing[C].2001:277-280
[25] R.Pan,Y.X.Gao.A New Wavelet Watermarking Technique[A].Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation[C].2002:2065-2069
[26]牛夏牧,陆哲明,孙圣和.基于多分辨率分解的数字水印技术[J].电子学报.2000,28(8):1-4
[27] X.M.Niu,S.H.Sun.Multiresolution Digital Watermarking for Still Image[A].Proceedings of IEEE International Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing[C] .Sydney,Australia,2000:547-556
[28]吴芳,芮国胜.基于图像小波树结构的数字水印算法[J].系统仿真学报.2006,18(2):323-326
[29] S.H.Wang,Y.P.Lin..Blind Watermarking Using Wavelet Tree Quantization[J] .IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo(ICME’02).2002,1:589-592
[30] Mauro Barni,Franco Bartolini,Alessandro Piva.Improved Wavelet-Based Watermarking Through Pixel-Wise Masking[J].IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.2001,10(5):783-791
[31]贾竹君,邹志勇,张龙信等.基于小波变换和纹理特征的自适应数字水印算法[J].微电子学与计算机.2006,23(8):171-173,180
[32] D.Taskovski,S.Bogdanova,M.Bogdanov.A Low Resolution Content Based Watermarking of Images in Wavelet Domain[A].Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis(ISPA’2001)[C],2001:604-608
[33]何淼.基于最佳置乱的自适应图像数字水印算法[D].中南民族大学.2007,6:24-25
[34]刘九芬,黄达人,胡军全.数字水印中的正交小波基[J].电子与信息学报.2003,25(4):453-459
[35] Gonzalez.C,Wintz.P.Digital Image Processing[M].2nd Edition.Addition Wesley Publishing Co/IEEE press,2002:567-568
[36]李谦.基于小波变换和纹理特征的水印算法的研究[J].计算机工程与设计.2006:3
[2] Johnson N F,Jajodia S.Exploring steganography:seeing the unseen[J].IEEE computer,1998,31(2):26-34
[3] Aderson R J,Nakamura Y,Matsui K.The steganographie file system[A].Proceeding of Information Hiding' 98[C],1998:73-82
[4]董玉格.网络安全与使用防护技术[M].人民邮电出版社,2001:35-37
[5] Doerr C , Dugelay J-L . Signal Processing : Image Communication. A guide tour of video watermarking[J].2003,18 (4):263-282
[6] Van Schyndel R.G,Tirkel A.Z,Osborne C.F.A digital Watermark[A].ProcICIP’94[C].1994:86-90
[7]归奕红,黄力.数字水印技术的发展现状与前景[J].商业技术.2006:5-6
[8] G.W.Braudaway.Protecting Publicly-available Images with An Invisible Image Watermark[A].International Conference on Image Processing[C],Oct.26-29,1997,1:524-527
[9]钮心忻.信息隐藏与数字水印[M].北京邮电出版社,2004:134-136
[10]潘志光.基于变换域的数字水印算法研究[M].上海交通大学出版社,2007:8-9
[11]王丽娜,郭迟,李鹏.信息以藏技术实验教程[M].武汉大学出版社,2004:142-187,281-286
[12]高志荣,陈传波.一种基于水印DCT变换的数字图像水印算法[J].计算机与现代化.2004,12:13-l4
[13]余江龙,张学杰.一种基于DWT和DFT的数字图像水印算法[J].云南民族大学学报(自然科学版).2004,13(3):210-213
[14]冯波,沈春林.数字水印技术的攻击方法及对策[J].电脑开发与应用.2005(12):3-4
[15]崔锦泰.小波分析导论[M].西安交通大学出版社,1995,7:20-21
[16]李世雄.小波变换及其应用[M].高等教育出版社,1997,10:12-14
[17]程正兴.小波分析算法及应用[M].西安交通大学出版社,1998,5:25-26
[18]彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用[M].科学出版社,1996,6:1-2,16-17,28-30
[19]梁学章,何甲兴,王新民等.小波分析[M].北京国防工业出版社,2005:23-25
[20]飞思科技产品研发中心.MATLAB 6.5辅助小波分析与应用[M].电子工业出版社,2003:7-8,202-203
[21]王丽娜,张焕国.信息隐藏技术与应用[M].武汉大学出版社,2003:39-41
[22]成礼智,郭汉伟.小波域离散变换理论及工程实践[M].清华大学出版社,2005:40-41
[23]周熠.图像数字水印中的小波变换技术研究[J].计算机与数字工程.2004,4:72-75
[24] J.G.Cao,J.E.Fowler,N.H.Younan.An Image-adaptive Watermark Based on A Redundant Wavelet Transform[A]. International Conference on Image Processing[C].2001:277-280
[25] R.Pan,Y.X.Gao.A New Wavelet Watermarking Technique[A].Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation[C].2002:2065-2069
[26]牛夏牧,陆哲明,孙圣和.基于多分辨率分解的数字水印技术[J].电子学报.2000,28(8):1-4
[27] X.M.Niu,S.H.Sun.Multiresolution Digital Watermarking for Still Image[A].Proceedings of IEEE International Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing[C] .Sydney,Australia,2000:547-556
[28]吴芳,芮国胜.基于图像小波树结构的数字水印算法[J].系统仿真学报.2006,18(2):323-326
[29] S.H.Wang,Y.P.Lin..Blind Watermarking Using Wavelet Tree Quantization[J] .IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo(ICME’02).2002,1:589-592
[30] Mauro Barni,Franco Bartolini,Alessandro Piva.Improved Wavelet-Based Watermarking Through Pixel-Wise Masking[J].IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.2001,10(5):783-791
[31]贾竹君,邹志勇,张龙信等.基于小波变换和纹理特征的自适应数字水印算法[J].微电子学与计算机.2006,23(8):171-173,180
[32] D.Taskovski,S.Bogdanova,M.Bogdanov.A Low Resolution Content Based Watermarking of Images in Wavelet Domain[A].Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis(ISPA’2001)[C],2001:604-608
[33]何淼.基于最佳置乱的自适应图像数字水印算法[D].中南民族大学.2007,6:24-25
[34]刘九芬,黄达人,胡军全.数字水印中的正交小波基[J].电子与信息学报.2003,25(4):453-459
[35] Gonzalez.C,Wintz.P.Digital Image Processing[M].2nd Edition.Addition Wesley Publishing Co/IEEE press,2002:567-568
[36]李谦.基于小波变换和纹理特征的水印算法的研究[J].计算机工程与设计.2006:3