柔性基层沥青稳定碎石矿料接触面细观强度特性研究
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摘要
结合科研项目“低温高地下水位地区柔性基层矿料附结效应研究”本文对柔性基层矿料接触面的细观强度进行了深入的研究。通过手动对各状态下的AM-20沥青稳定碎石基层混合料施加拉伸及剪切荷载，明确矿料接触面破坏机理，得出矿料接触面破坏有两种形式，一为沥青矿料间粘附失效破坏，二为结合料自身的粘结失效破坏。在薄层油膜及中厚层油膜条件下，上述两种破坏形式共存。矿料接触面细观强度包括沥青矿料间粘附强度、结合料自身粘结强度及矿料接触面总体强度。研究柔性基层矿料接触面细观强度定量测试技术，基于沥青矿料间粘附强度、粘附失效区面积、结合料粘结强度、粘结失效区面积与拉伸或剪切破坏荷载的对应关系，测试并计算不同力学效应、不同状态的矿料接触面细观强度。在定量测试的基础上，明确矿料接触面细观强度影响因素及各因素影响规律。通过矿料接触面总体拉伸强度与混合料劈裂强度随温度变化规律的对比分析，证明二者变化规律基本一致。说明采用矿料接触面细观强度预估柔性基层混合料的宏观抗裂能力是可行的。通过测试并分析正常状态、短期老化状态及长期老化状态下两种抗剥剂对混合料矿料接触面细观强度的影响效果可知，抗剥剂材料在增加沥青矿料间粘附强度的同时，有可能降低低温条件下结合料自身的粘结强度，导致矿料接触面总体强度在特定条件下显著降低，从而使得混合料的宏观抗裂性能下降，所以矿料接触面总体强度应该是今后筛选抗剥材料的合理指标。
Combining with “the study on adhesion and cohesion strengths of flexile base mineralaggregate in low temperature and high groundwork level”, this paper studied themesoscopic strength characteristics of mixture, which include adhesion strength betweenaggregates and bitumen, cohesion strength of bitumen binder and total strength of contactsurface. On the premise of knowing the failure mechanics of mineral aggregate contactsurface, quantitative test technology on mesoscopic strength of mineral aggregate contactsurface of flexile base mixture was put forward. The influence factors and influence laws ofvarious factors were analyzed from several aspects, which include the load effect, oil filmthickness, experimental temperature and the quality of bitumen. By comparing thetemperature dependent behavior of total strength and splitting strength, the method of usingthe mesoscopic strength of mineral aggregate contact surface to estimate the macroscopicanti-crack and raveling resistance abilities is feasible. On the basic of series quantitative teston mesoscopic strength, comparison decision was carried on the mesoscopic strengthcharacteristics on engineering performance of two kinds of currently used anti-strippingagents.
Several conclusions of the paper can be drawn as follows:
(1) There mainly exist two kinds of failure forms on contact surface, one is the rupture ofbitumen itself, which is defined as cohesion failure of binder; the other is the strippingfailure developed on contact surface and the rupture of bitumen binder, which is definedas coexistence damage of cohesion and adhesion failure. Cohesion failure and thecoexistence of cohesion and adhesion failure are universal on mineral aggregate contact surface. When the oil film is thick, there is only cohesion failure on the contact surface.Tensile and shear effect are an inevitable problem on the study. The thicker of oil film,the easier to develop cohesion failure, while the thinner of oil film, the easier to developcoexistence of adhesion and cohesion failure. Furthermore, temperature has a biginfluence on the failure form of contact surface.
(2)When applied tensile load, the mesoscopic strength of mineral aggregate contact surfaceincludes adhesion strength between aggregates and bitumen, cohesion strength ofbitumen binder and total tensile strength of contact surface. When applied shear load,the mesoscopic strength of mineral aggregate contact surface includes the shearadhesion strength between aggregates and bitumen, shear cohesion strength of bitumenbinder and total shear strength of contact surface.
(3)Whether applied tensile load or shear load, the failure form on contact surface is onlycohesion failure when the oil film is thick. On this premise, tensile cohesion strength andshear cohesion strength can be calculated by the corresponding relation between the areaof mineral aggregate contact surface and failure load.
(4) Whether applied tensile load or shear load, the failure form on contact surface iscoexistence of adhesion and cohesion failure when the oil film is middle-thick or thin.Total tensile (or shear) strength is undertaken by tensile (or shear) adhesion strengthbetween aggregates and bitumen and tensile (or shear) cohesion strength of bitumenbinder.
(5) On the premise of prior determination and calculation of cohesion strength, quantitativetest on adhesion strength in different temperature, mechanic effect and oil filmthickness can be realized by the corresponding relation between adhesion strength,adhesion failure area, cohesion strength, cohesion failure area and failure load.
(6)The adhesion strength value between aggregates and bitumen in shear load is generallylower than the value in tensile load. In low temperature, bitumen is easier to developstripping disease when applied shear load. Temperature has a complicated influence on adhesion strength, which presents a nonlinear characteristic. What’s more, thetemperature dependent law of adhesion strength is significant different when applieddifferent kinds of loads on contact surface, and the influence of temperature onadhesion strength has obvious fluctuation effect. Thin oil film is difficult to develop acomplete wetting to mesoscopic surface structure by hot melt bitumen. On the contrary,it is easier for thick oil film, which realizes the full fill of concave and convex surface.It is just the reason that leads to the consistent test result that the adhesion strengthvalue between aggregates and bitumen in shear load is generally lower than the value intensile load when the oil film is middle-thick or thick. The increase of oil film thicknesscan markedly improve total strength of mineral aggregate contact surface.
(7)The temperature dependent law of splitting strength of Panjin70#bitumen, SBSmodified bitumen, rubber modified bitumen stabilized macadam mixture is basicallyconsistent with the total tensile strength in corresponding state. However, because ofdifferent test method and theory, the value of the two kinds of strength is different. Thesplitting strength can be used to estimate the raveling resistance ability ofbituminous-stabilized macadam mixture. At the same time, on the basic of quantitativetest on mesoscopic strength, comparative decision can be carried on improving theanti-crack ability of series mixture.
(8) In normal state, adhesion effect between aggregates and bitumen is strengthened whenmixed with anti-stripping agent and the adhesion strength is markedly improved. Thereexists compatibility problem between anti-stripping agent and bitumen. In normal state,Ⅰ-type anti-stripping has a little influence on the improvement of adhesion strengthwhen the bitumen is processed by short-term and long-term aging. While, when mixedwith Ⅱ-type anti-stripping agent, the adhesion strength is obviously reduced in lowtemperature. As cohesion strength of bitumen binder is an important part of mssoscopicstrength, so the decrease of it is bad for the total strength of mineral aggregate contactsurface and adverse to related road performance.
(9) Anti-stripping agent may be likely to decrease the cohesion strength when increases theadhesion strength. A single adhesion decision or cohesion decision may lead to largererror. The total strength is a comprehensive embodiment of adhesion and cohesionstrength and an important indicator of mesoscopic strength of mineral aggregate contactsurface.
(10)If the study target is the long-term performance of mixture, the Ⅰ-type and Ⅱ-typeanti-stripping agents are not ideal choices. On the process of adding admixtures tobitumen, attention should be paid to the influence of admixtures on adhesion andcohesion strength, and awareness of avoiding unfavorable conditions. In the relatedstudy of improving the mesoscopic strength, corresponding technical measure should beadopted to realize the significant increase of total strength.Main innovation points of the paper:
(1) In traditional study, researchers mostly focus on the adhesion effect between aggregatesand bitumen, and adhesion grade is grouped by the qualitative test means just likewater-boiled method. While this study did many experiments on the separation ofaggregates and came to the conclusion that the failure form of contact surface is morecomplicated. The failure form has something to do with oil film thickness, temperatureand load effect. There exists two kinds of failure forms, one is adhesion failure betweenaggregates and bitumen, the other is cohesion failure of bitumen binder. What is worthof noticing is that the failure form on contact surface is only cohesion failure when theoil film is thick.
(2) The mesoscopic strength of mineral aggregate contact surface is comprised of adhesionstrength between aggregates and bitumen, cohesion strength of bitumen binder and totalstrength of contact surface.
(3) The quantitative test technology on mesoscopic strength of bituminous-stabilizedmacadam mineral aggregate contact surface of highway flexile base is developed by ourown design. Through the establishment of the corresponding relationship between adhesion strength, adhesion failure area, cohesion strength and cohesion failure area andthe tensile or shear failure load, the mesoscopic strength of different mechanic effectcan be tested and calculated.
(4) Through correlation analysis of total tensile strength of contact surface and the splittingstrength of mixture, it proves numerical size differences of the two strengths, but thetemperature dependent law is consistent, which means that the splitting strength can beused to estimate the raveling resistance ability of bituminous-stabilized macadammixture.
(5) Traditionally, the engineering performance evaluation of series anti-stripping agent isbased on water-boiled method. The paper adopts the influence effect of anti-strippingagent to mesoscopic strength, which is the first case. Combining with aging effect,engineering performance of the two anti-stripping agents are analyzed, and it provides areasonable measure to screen the anti-stripping agent in the future.
Combining with “the study on adhesion and cohesion strengths of flexile base mineralaggregate in low temperature and high groundwork level”, this paper studied themesoscopic strength characteristics of mixture, which include adhesion strength betweenaggregates and bitumen, cohesion strength of bitumen binder and total strength of contactsurface. On the premise of knowing the failure mechanics of mineral aggregate contactsurface, quantitative test technology on mesoscopic strength of mineral aggregate contactsurface of flexile base mixture was put forward. The influence factors and influence laws ofvarious factors were analyzed from several aspects, which include the load effect, oil filmthickness, experimental temperature and the quality of bitumen. By comparing thetemperature dependent behavior of total strength and splitting strength, the method of usingthe mesoscopic strength of mineral aggregate contact surface to estimate the macroscopicanti-crack and raveling resistance abilities is feasible. On the basic of series quantitative teston mesoscopic strength, comparison decision was carried on the mesoscopic strengthcharacteristics on engineering performance of two kinds of currently used anti-strippingagents.
Several conclusions of the paper can be drawn as follows:
(1) There mainly exist two kinds of failure forms on contact surface, one is the rupture ofbitumen itself, which is defined as cohesion failure of binder; the other is the strippingfailure developed on contact surface and the rupture of bitumen binder, which is definedas coexistence damage of cohesion and adhesion failure. Cohesion failure and thecoexistence of cohesion and adhesion failure are universal on mineral aggregate contact surface. When the oil film is thick, there is only cohesion failure on the contact surface.Tensile and shear effect are an inevitable problem on the study. The thicker of oil film,the easier to develop cohesion failure, while the thinner of oil film, the easier to developcoexistence of adhesion and cohesion failure. Furthermore, temperature has a biginfluence on the failure form of contact surface.
(2)When applied tensile load, the mesoscopic strength of mineral aggregate contact surfaceincludes adhesion strength between aggregates and bitumen, cohesion strength ofbitumen binder and total tensile strength of contact surface. When applied shear load,the mesoscopic strength of mineral aggregate contact surface includes the shearadhesion strength between aggregates and bitumen, shear cohesion strength of bitumenbinder and total shear strength of contact surface.
(3)Whether applied tensile load or shear load, the failure form on contact surface is onlycohesion failure when the oil film is thick. On this premise, tensile cohesion strength andshear cohesion strength can be calculated by the corresponding relation between the areaof mineral aggregate contact surface and failure load.
(4) Whether applied tensile load or shear load, the failure form on contact surface iscoexistence of adhesion and cohesion failure when the oil film is middle-thick or thin.Total tensile (or shear) strength is undertaken by tensile (or shear) adhesion strengthbetween aggregates and bitumen and tensile (or shear) cohesion strength of bitumenbinder.
(5) On the premise of prior determination and calculation of cohesion strength, quantitativetest on adhesion strength in different temperature, mechanic effect and oil filmthickness can be realized by the corresponding relation between adhesion strength,adhesion failure area, cohesion strength, cohesion failure area and failure load.
(6)The adhesion strength value between aggregates and bitumen in shear load is generallylower than the value in tensile load. In low temperature, bitumen is easier to developstripping disease when applied shear load. Temperature has a complicated influence on adhesion strength, which presents a nonlinear characteristic. What’s more, thetemperature dependent law of adhesion strength is significant different when applieddifferent kinds of loads on contact surface, and the influence of temperature onadhesion strength has obvious fluctuation effect. Thin oil film is difficult to develop acomplete wetting to mesoscopic surface structure by hot melt bitumen. On the contrary,it is easier for thick oil film, which realizes the full fill of concave and convex surface.It is just the reason that leads to the consistent test result that the adhesion strengthvalue between aggregates and bitumen in shear load is generally lower than the value intensile load when the oil film is middle-thick or thick. The increase of oil film thicknesscan markedly improve total strength of mineral aggregate contact surface.
(7)The temperature dependent law of splitting strength of Panjin70#bitumen, SBSmodified bitumen, rubber modified bitumen stabilized macadam mixture is basicallyconsistent with the total tensile strength in corresponding state. However, because ofdifferent test method and theory, the value of the two kinds of strength is different. Thesplitting strength can be used to estimate the raveling resistance ability ofbituminous-stabilized macadam mixture. At the same time, on the basic of quantitativetest on mesoscopic strength, comparative decision can be carried on improving theanti-crack ability of series mixture.
(8) In normal state, adhesion effect between aggregates and bitumen is strengthened whenmixed with anti-stripping agent and the adhesion strength is markedly improved. Thereexists compatibility problem between anti-stripping agent and bitumen. In normal state,Ⅰ-type anti-stripping has a little influence on the improvement of adhesion strengthwhen the bitumen is processed by short-term and long-term aging. While, when mixedwith Ⅱ-type anti-stripping agent, the adhesion strength is obviously reduced in lowtemperature. As cohesion strength of bitumen binder is an important part of mssoscopicstrength, so the decrease of it is bad for the total strength of mineral aggregate contactsurface and adverse to related road performance.
(9) Anti-stripping agent may be likely to decrease the cohesion strength when increases theadhesion strength. A single adhesion decision or cohesion decision may lead to largererror. The total strength is a comprehensive embodiment of adhesion and cohesionstrength and an important indicator of mesoscopic strength of mineral aggregate contactsurface.
(10)If the study target is the long-term performance of mixture, the Ⅰ-type and Ⅱ-typeanti-stripping agents are not ideal choices. On the process of adding admixtures tobitumen, attention should be paid to the influence of admixtures on adhesion andcohesion strength, and awareness of avoiding unfavorable conditions. In the relatedstudy of improving the mesoscopic strength, corresponding technical measure should beadopted to realize the significant increase of total strength.Main innovation points of the paper:
(1) In traditional study, researchers mostly focus on the adhesion effect between aggregatesand bitumen, and adhesion grade is grouped by the qualitative test means just likewater-boiled method. While this study did many experiments on the separation ofaggregates and came to the conclusion that the failure form of contact surface is morecomplicated. The failure form has something to do with oil film thickness, temperatureand load effect. There exists two kinds of failure forms, one is adhesion failure betweenaggregates and bitumen, the other is cohesion failure of bitumen binder. What is worthof noticing is that the failure form on contact surface is only cohesion failure when theoil film is thick.
(2) The mesoscopic strength of mineral aggregate contact surface is comprised of adhesionstrength between aggregates and bitumen, cohesion strength of bitumen binder and totalstrength of contact surface.
(3) The quantitative test technology on mesoscopic strength of bituminous-stabilizedmacadam mineral aggregate contact surface of highway flexile base is developed by ourown design. Through the establishment of the corresponding relationship between adhesion strength, adhesion failure area, cohesion strength and cohesion failure area andthe tensile or shear failure load, the mesoscopic strength of different mechanic effectcan be tested and calculated.
(4) Through correlation analysis of total tensile strength of contact surface and the splittingstrength of mixture, it proves numerical size differences of the two strengths, but thetemperature dependent law is consistent, which means that the splitting strength can beused to estimate the raveling resistance ability of bituminous-stabilized macadammixture.
(5) Traditionally, the engineering performance evaluation of series anti-stripping agent isbased on water-boiled method. The paper adopts the influence effect of anti-strippingagent to mesoscopic strength, which is the first case. Combining with aging effect,engineering performance of the two anti-stripping agents are analyzed, and it provides areasonable measure to screen the anti-stripping agent in the future.
引文
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