热送热送过程的温度场应力场数值模拟及二次开发
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摘要
随着钢铁行业的发展,连铸坯热装热送及“热送直轧”技术的应用程度已成为衡量钢铁生产技术水平的新指标,连铸坯热送热装具有提高生产率、降低能耗和减少铸坯氧化烧损的作用,生产实践表明,在热装温度为600℃、热装比50%时,热轧加热炉的生产率可提高约30%、节约能耗约20%。然而,由于对钢种特性认识的不足,随着铸坯热送率的升高,产品缺陷暴露的种类逐渐增多,严重时难以修复、甚至报废,造成巨大的经济损失。
本文以武钢二热轧的热装热送工艺为研究对象,通过综合考虑材料热物性参数随温度的非线性变化、热传导系数及对流换热系数等边界条件,采用有限单元法,借助大型有限元分析软件ANSYS,利用VB建立ANSYS的二次开发,对铸坯的温度场应力场进行研究。
通过VB建立的ANSYS二次开发界面,输入相应的参数,模拟出所需要的温度场应力场。对比了在空冷和堆冷的情况下铸坯的温度场和应力场,利用等效热容法处理相变潜热对温度场的影响。得出了在单独空冷和堆冷两种情况下表面应力的变化曲线。通过在现场用红外测温仪测出单独冷却时的温度场,和模拟值基本吻合,验证了建立模型的正确性和方法采用的正确性；通过现场采样进行热模拟实验,测出选取钢种的抗拉强度极限和断面收缩率以及通过膨胀仪测出其膨胀曲线,对比发现,在单独空冷的情况下其表面应力超过了抗拉极限,而在堆冷时表面应力没有超过抗拉极限。
在加热阶段,通过对模拟进行简化处理,模拟出在不同的中心温度和表面温度组合时的应力情况,从而得出在何种表面温度与中心温度组合时才不会出现裂纹。
With the development of steel industry, continuous casting-hot charge rolling and"hot send direct rolling" technology have become the new target level to measure level of iron and steel production technologies, billet hot charging has increased productivity, reduced energy consumption and reduce the role of oxidation loss slab production.Practice indicates that the temperature in hot charge of 600℃, hot charge than 50%, hot rolling heating furnace productivity increased by about 30%, reduce energy consumption by about 20%. However, because of the shortage knowledge of steel properties,with the rate increased in continuous casting-hot charge rolling, product defect gradually increased including serious, or even scrapped problem, causing huge economic losses.
In this paper, in study with hot charge rolling process of The second hot rolling plant in WISCO, With comprehensive consideration of thermal properties of nonlinear parameters, Thermal conductivity and convection heat transfer coefficient change with temperature, use large finite element analysis software ANSYS, and Using VB to establish the secondary development interface of ANSYS to simulate the stress field and temperature field of the slab.
VB created secondary development interface of ANSYS, enter the appropriate parameters needed to simulate the temperature field, stress field. Comparison temperature and stress fields of slab Air cooling and the slab heap cooling, using the Equivalent heat capacity method to treat latent heat effect on the temperature field. Obtained in a separate air-cooled, and heaps of cold stress in both cases the surface of the curve. Through measured the temperature the site with infrared thermometer on slab of separate air cooling, and it basic equal to simulated results, Verify the validity of the model and methods to establish the correctness of using; through on-site sampling to thermal Simulation simulation experiment, measured selected steel kind ultimate tensile strength and area reduction rates and measured by dilatometer curve of its expansion, contrast found in the separate case of air cooling the surface stress exceeds the tensile limit, and in the heap cooling surface of the tensile stress does not exceed the limit.
In the heating stage, to simplify handling of simulation, to simulate the stress conditions at different core temperature and at different surface temperature combination so as to arrive at what combination of surface temperature and core temperature when the cracks is not appear.
本文以武钢二热轧的热装热送工艺为研究对象,通过综合考虑材料热物性参数随温度的非线性变化、热传导系数及对流换热系数等边界条件,采用有限单元法,借助大型有限元分析软件ANSYS,利用VB建立ANSYS的二次开发,对铸坯的温度场应力场进行研究。
通过VB建立的ANSYS二次开发界面,输入相应的参数,模拟出所需要的温度场应力场。对比了在空冷和堆冷的情况下铸坯的温度场和应力场,利用等效热容法处理相变潜热对温度场的影响。得出了在单独空冷和堆冷两种情况下表面应力的变化曲线。通过在现场用红外测温仪测出单独冷却时的温度场,和模拟值基本吻合,验证了建立模型的正确性和方法采用的正确性；通过现场采样进行热模拟实验,测出选取钢种的抗拉强度极限和断面收缩率以及通过膨胀仪测出其膨胀曲线,对比发现,在单独空冷的情况下其表面应力超过了抗拉极限,而在堆冷时表面应力没有超过抗拉极限。
在加热阶段,通过对模拟进行简化处理,模拟出在不同的中心温度和表面温度组合时的应力情况,从而得出在何种表面温度与中心温度组合时才不会出现裂纹。
With the development of steel industry, continuous casting-hot charge rolling and"hot send direct rolling" technology have become the new target level to measure level of iron and steel production technologies, billet hot charging has increased productivity, reduced energy consumption and reduce the role of oxidation loss slab production.Practice indicates that the temperature in hot charge of 600℃, hot charge than 50%, hot rolling heating furnace productivity increased by about 30%, reduce energy consumption by about 20%. However, because of the shortage knowledge of steel properties,with the rate increased in continuous casting-hot charge rolling, product defect gradually increased including serious, or even scrapped problem, causing huge economic losses.
In this paper, in study with hot charge rolling process of The second hot rolling plant in WISCO, With comprehensive consideration of thermal properties of nonlinear parameters, Thermal conductivity and convection heat transfer coefficient change with temperature, use large finite element analysis software ANSYS, and Using VB to establish the secondary development interface of ANSYS to simulate the stress field and temperature field of the slab.
VB created secondary development interface of ANSYS, enter the appropriate parameters needed to simulate the temperature field, stress field. Comparison temperature and stress fields of slab Air cooling and the slab heap cooling, using the Equivalent heat capacity method to treat latent heat effect on the temperature field. Obtained in a separate air-cooled, and heaps of cold stress in both cases the surface of the curve. Through measured the temperature the site with infrared thermometer on slab of separate air cooling, and it basic equal to simulated results, Verify the validity of the model and methods to establish the correctness of using; through on-site sampling to thermal Simulation simulation experiment, measured selected steel kind ultimate tensile strength and area reduction rates and measured by dilatometer curve of its expansion, contrast found in the separate case of air cooling the surface stress exceeds the tensile limit, and in the heap cooling surface of the tensile stress does not exceed the limit.
In the heating stage, to simplify handling of simulation, to simulate the stress conditions at different core temperature and at different surface temperature combination so as to arrive at what combination of surface temperature and core temperature when the cracks is not appear.
引文
[1]韩孝永.连铸坯热送热装技术的应用[J].有色金属,2007,59(1)：56-57.
[2]吴巍,干勇等.含铌、钛船板钢中板表面微裂纹研究[J].钢铁,2002,37(7)：41-44.
[3]王新华,昌波,李景捷等.700～1000℃间含Nb钢铸坯的延塑性降低与Nb(c, N)析出[J].金属学报,1997,23(5)：485-491.
[4]Tabata Y,Ogura H,etal.Total Production control system of BF-Mill with Expert system in NKK Keihin Works. Proceeding of International Conference on Computerized Production Control in steel plan South Korea,1993.156-164
[5]Lopez Leo, Carter Michael W, Gendreau Michel. The hot strip mill production scheduling problem:A tabu search approach[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1998 (106):317
[6]Arai O. The Integrated Production Planning and Scheduling System in Kashima Steel.Works.Proceeding of IBM International Steel&Metals Confemce Belguim,1995.433-438
[7]温治.连铸坯热送热装和直接轧制工艺的研究和开发[J].冶金能源.1996(1)：22--26
[8]李苏剑.武钢热送热装生产物流一体化管理北京科技大学学报,2000(6)增刊：27-30
[9]马竹梧.连铸一连轧自动化[J].冶金自动化,1998(3)：1-6
[10]曹前.炼钢一轧制生产一体化的计算机生产管理系统综述.全国轧钢自动化学术会议集1991.52-57
[11]赵海峰.邯钢连铸坯的热送热装工艺[J].河北冶金,1999(4)：29-30
[12]王岭.武钥连铸坯热送热装生产管理技术[J].武钢技术,2002(4)：1-5
[13]戴铁军,崔耀辉.唐钢连铸坯热送热装工艺实践[J].钢铁,2001,36(9)：28-29
[14]黄永强.长钢连轧厂连铸坯热送热装工艺及实践[J].山西能源与节能,1999(4)：12-13
[15]许维成.鞍钢热轧带钢厂钢坯热装热送技术分析[J].鞍钢技术,2000(11)：14-15
[16]余志祥.连铸坯热送热装技术[M].北京：冶金工业出版社2002(5)：1-16
[17]Wang W R.Production management system for hot charge process between Continuous casting and hot strip millor plate mill at Baosteel. Science and Research Report,1992(6):18-26
[18]Samways N L.LTV Steel new direct hot charge complex and anneal line at Cleveland. Iron and Steel Engineering,1994(6):111-121.
[19]Baldzichi E. LTV Cleveland direct hot charge complex caster. Iron and Steel Engineering,1995(5):17-24
[20][美]D.皮茨,L.西索姆著,葛新石等译.传热学[M].北京：科学出版社,2002：1-2
[21]卓宁,孙家庆.工程对流换热[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1982：1-7
[22][美]F.P.因克罗普拉,D.P.德威特.传热基础[M].北京：科学出版社,1987：2-7
[23]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].第四版.北京高等教育出版社,2006：33-76
[24]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2005
[25]薛守义.有限单元法[M].北京：中国建材出版社.2005
[26]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].第四版.北京高等教育出版社,2006：33-76
[27]徐秉业,刘信声.应用弹塑性力学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005：97-118
[28]曾攀.有限元分析及应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：318-323
[29]O.C.Zienkiewicz and GS.Holister,Stress Analysis,Wiley,New York,1965
[30]R.E.Greene,R.E.Jones,R.W.Melay and D.R.Strome,Generalized Variational Principles in the Finite-Element Method,AJAA J.7.7.1254-1260, July,1969.
[31]B.A.Finlayson,Weighted Residual Methods and their Relation to Fiite Element.Methods in Flow Problems,Finite Element in Fluids,Vol,2,PP.1～31,WILEY,1975.
[32]E.R.de Arantes e Oliverra,Theoretical Foundations of the Finite Element Method,International Journal of Solids and Structures.4.929,1968.
[33]张昱翊,孙雪坤,王国栋等.数值模拟技术在我国钢铁工业中的应用现状与展望[J].钢铁研究,2000(3)：53-58.
[34]张朝晖,李树奎.有限元分析理论与工程应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007：1-3
[35]盛和太ANSYS有限元原理与工程应用实例大全[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006：443-450
[36]张国智,胡仁喜,陈继刚等ANSYS10.0热力学有限元分析实例指导教程[M].北京：机械工业业出版社,2007
[37]彭公孚.基于VB控件开发的ANSYS程序调用方法[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版)2004(01)
[38]张海军,王高平.刘曜Visual Basic 6.0对Ansys调用的技术研究[J].机电产品开发与创新2008(03)
[39]李小易,杨志军,李会杰,等.VB调用ANSYS与MATLAB在可靠性计算中的应用[J].机电技术2008(01)
[40]ANSYS HELP
[41]ANSYS Inc., ANSYS theory reference,1994
[42]ANSYS Inc., Guide to ANSYS user programmable features,1994
[43]ANSYS Inc., Guide to Interface with ANSYS,1994
[44]ANSYS Inc., The APDL Programmer'S Guide,1994
[45]张庆峰,谢禹钧,李翔.基于ANSYS二次开发的管系结构应力分析系统[J].机械设计与制造,2006(3)
[46]杨秀萍.王鹏林基于ANSYS APDL语言的零件参数化有限元分析[J].设计与研究,2005(11)
[47]何援军,曹金勇,李强.基于参数化零部件的自动装配设计[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001
[48]李如忠Ansys软件中的单位制分析[J].机械设计与制造,2008(2)
[49]梁兵.量纲分析及无量纲比例系数的实验确定法[J].广西物理,2001(2)
[50]帅习元.热送直装亚包晶桥板钢表面疤状缺陷原因分析[J].轧钢,2006(4)
[2]吴巍,干勇等.含铌、钛船板钢中板表面微裂纹研究[J].钢铁,2002,37(7)：41-44.
[3]王新华,昌波,李景捷等.700～1000℃间含Nb钢铸坯的延塑性降低与Nb(c, N)析出[J].金属学报,1997,23(5)：485-491.
[4]Tabata Y,Ogura H,etal.Total Production control system of BF-Mill with Expert system in NKK Keihin Works. Proceeding of International Conference on Computerized Production Control in steel plan South Korea,1993.156-164
[5]Lopez Leo, Carter Michael W, Gendreau Michel. The hot strip mill production scheduling problem:A tabu search approach[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1998 (106):317
[6]Arai O. The Integrated Production Planning and Scheduling System in Kashima Steel.Works.Proceeding of IBM International Steel&Metals Confemce Belguim,1995.433-438
[7]温治.连铸坯热送热装和直接轧制工艺的研究和开发[J].冶金能源.1996(1)：22--26
[8]李苏剑.武钢热送热装生产物流一体化管理北京科技大学学报,2000(6)增刊：27-30
[9]马竹梧.连铸一连轧自动化[J].冶金自动化,1998(3)：1-6
[10]曹前.炼钢一轧制生产一体化的计算机生产管理系统综述.全国轧钢自动化学术会议集1991.52-57
[11]赵海峰.邯钢连铸坯的热送热装工艺[J].河北冶金,1999(4)：29-30
[12]王岭.武钥连铸坯热送热装生产管理技术[J].武钢技术,2002(4)：1-5
[13]戴铁军,崔耀辉.唐钢连铸坯热送热装工艺实践[J].钢铁,2001,36(9)：28-29
[14]黄永强.长钢连轧厂连铸坯热送热装工艺及实践[J].山西能源与节能,1999(4)：12-13
[15]许维成.鞍钢热轧带钢厂钢坯热装热送技术分析[J].鞍钢技术,2000(11)：14-15
[16]余志祥.连铸坯热送热装技术[M].北京：冶金工业出版社2002(5)：1-16
[17]Wang W R.Production management system for hot charge process between Continuous casting and hot strip millor plate mill at Baosteel. Science and Research Report,1992(6):18-26
[18]Samways N L.LTV Steel new direct hot charge complex and anneal line at Cleveland. Iron and Steel Engineering,1994(6):111-121.
[19]Baldzichi E. LTV Cleveland direct hot charge complex caster. Iron and Steel Engineering,1995(5):17-24
[20][美]D.皮茨,L.西索姆著,葛新石等译.传热学[M].北京：科学出版社,2002：1-2
[21]卓宁,孙家庆.工程对流换热[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1982：1-7
[22][美]F.P.因克罗普拉,D.P.德威特.传热基础[M].北京：科学出版社,1987：2-7
[23]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].第四版.北京高等教育出版社,2006：33-76
[24]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2005
[25]薛守义.有限单元法[M].北京：中国建材出版社.2005
[26]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].第四版.北京高等教育出版社,2006：33-76
[27]徐秉业,刘信声.应用弹塑性力学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005：97-118
[28]曾攀.有限元分析及应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：318-323
[29]O.C.Zienkiewicz and GS.Holister,Stress Analysis,Wiley,New York,1965
[30]R.E.Greene,R.E.Jones,R.W.Melay and D.R.Strome,Generalized Variational Principles in the Finite-Element Method,AJAA J.7.7.1254-1260, July,1969.
[31]B.A.Finlayson,Weighted Residual Methods and their Relation to Fiite Element.Methods in Flow Problems,Finite Element in Fluids,Vol,2,PP.1～31,WILEY,1975.
[32]E.R.de Arantes e Oliverra,Theoretical Foundations of the Finite Element Method,International Journal of Solids and Structures.4.929,1968.
[33]张昱翊,孙雪坤,王国栋等.数值模拟技术在我国钢铁工业中的应用现状与展望[J].钢铁研究,2000(3)：53-58.
[34]张朝晖,李树奎.有限元分析理论与工程应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007：1-3
[35]盛和太ANSYS有限元原理与工程应用实例大全[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006：443-450
[36]张国智,胡仁喜,陈继刚等ANSYS10.0热力学有限元分析实例指导教程[M].北京：机械工业业出版社,2007
[37]彭公孚.基于VB控件开发的ANSYS程序调用方法[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版)2004(01)
[38]张海军,王高平.刘曜Visual Basic 6.0对Ansys调用的技术研究[J].机电产品开发与创新2008(03)
[39]李小易,杨志军,李会杰,等.VB调用ANSYS与MATLAB在可靠性计算中的应用[J].机电技术2008(01)
[40]ANSYS HELP
[41]ANSYS Inc., ANSYS theory reference,1994
[42]ANSYS Inc., Guide to ANSYS user programmable features,1994
[43]ANSYS Inc., Guide to Interface with ANSYS,1994
[44]ANSYS Inc., The APDL Programmer'S Guide,1994
[45]张庆峰,谢禹钧,李翔.基于ANSYS二次开发的管系结构应力分析系统[J].机械设计与制造,2006(3)
[46]杨秀萍.王鹏林基于ANSYS APDL语言的零件参数化有限元分析[J].设计与研究,2005(11)
[47]何援军,曹金勇,李强.基于参数化零部件的自动装配设计[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001
[48]李如忠Ansys软件中的单位制分析[J].机械设计与制造,2008(2)
[49]梁兵.量纲分析及无量纲比例系数的实验确定法[J].广西物理,2001(2)
[50]帅习元.热送直装亚包晶桥板钢表面疤状缺陷原因分析[J].轧钢,2006(4)