语篇衔接与功能语旨
|
摘要
包括韩礼德在内的许多语言学专家都认为语域一致性是语篇形式标志成为衔接标志的决定因素。作者认为这一结论过于笼统，因为语域是情景语境中三个变量(语场、语旨和语式)的变异而形成的各种各样的语言变体。如果说语域是衔接标志形成的决定因素，那么功能语旨一定起着重要的作用，因为任何语篇都是围绕特定的功能语旨(即交际目的或意图)而展开的，并为实现这一功能语旨来组织语篇的。
本文从功能语法角度探讨了衔接与功能语旨的关系。作者认为功能语旨在语篇衔接中起着重要作用，衔接手段的选择受语篇的功能语旨所支配。
为了证明作者的观点，本文分为四大章节。第一章节回顾了有关衔接和功能语旨的理论，以寻求作者的理论基点。第二章节和第三章节分别讨论了非结构衔接与结构衔接和功能语旨的关系。第四章节得出结论。
在讨论语篇衔接和功能语旨的关系中，作者对所收集的两类不同功能语旨的有关“银行”方面的语篇进行了分析。一类选自英语杂志的劝说性广告；另—类选自英文百科全书中的词条。分析结果表明，语篇中衔接手段出现的频率随着语篇的功能语旨不同而产生变化，同时又对语旨的实现起着促进作用。但是，及物系统中的“过程”、非结构衔接中的“替代”和“省略”似乎是个例外，它们在两类语篇中的出现频率没有明显差异。
基于语篇衔接和功能语旨关系的讨论，本文指出了语域对语篇衔接的影响方式与程度。作者同时也认为本文只是对衔接与功能语旨关系的初步研究，有其局限性。但作者期望本文研究结果会对未来同一领域的研究有所启示。
Many linguists, including Halliday, hold the view that register plays an important role in the formation of cohesion (Zhang Delu, 1999). The author thinks that this conclusion is too general, for register is the variety of language used in a given situational context, which is examined on three parameters: the field of discourse, the mode of discourse, and the tenor of discourse. So if register is a controlling factor of cohesion, the functional tenor should be the crux, because it is for functional tenor that a text is composed and the message is conveyed.
This thesis focuses on the study of the relation between cohesion and functional tenor in the light of theories of the functional grammar. The author believes that functional tenor in the register plays a great role in cohesion and many choices of cohesive devices in a text are decided by the functional tenor of the text
In order to illustrate the author's belief, this thesis is organized into four chapters. Chapter One is a survey on the theories of cohesion and functional tenor, especially the competing theories about the determining factors in the formation of cohesion. Chapter Two and Chapter Three are the discussions of the relations between nonstructural cohesion, structural cohesion and functional tenor respectively. Chapter Four is the conclusion of this thesis.
In the discussion of the relation between nonstructural cohesion, structural cohesion and functional tenor, the author collects some texts of two different functional tenors in the field of bank at random and makes some careful analysis. Half of the texts are expository entries in the English encyclopedias, and the rest are persuasive advertisements in English magazines. It is found in the analysis that the occurrence and frequency of cohesive devices vary regularly with the functional tenor of the text, and cohesive devices contribute to the achievement of functional tenor. However, there are some exceptions. For example, the
functional tenor of texts makes no difference in the frequency of substitution and ellipsis.
Based on the study of textual cohesion and two different functional tenors, the author suggests in what way and to what degree textual cohesion and functional tenor are related to each other.
In addition, the author points out that this thesis is only a preliminary study on the relation between cohesion and functional tenor. It is expected that this finding can be of some help in the future study in this field.
本文从功能语法角度探讨了衔接与功能语旨的关系。作者认为功能语旨在语篇衔接中起着重要作用，衔接手段的选择受语篇的功能语旨所支配。
为了证明作者的观点，本文分为四大章节。第一章节回顾了有关衔接和功能语旨的理论，以寻求作者的理论基点。第二章节和第三章节分别讨论了非结构衔接与结构衔接和功能语旨的关系。第四章节得出结论。
在讨论语篇衔接和功能语旨的关系中，作者对所收集的两类不同功能语旨的有关“银行”方面的语篇进行了分析。一类选自英语杂志的劝说性广告；另—类选自英文百科全书中的词条。分析结果表明，语篇中衔接手段出现的频率随着语篇的功能语旨不同而产生变化，同时又对语旨的实现起着促进作用。但是，及物系统中的“过程”、非结构衔接中的“替代”和“省略”似乎是个例外，它们在两类语篇中的出现频率没有明显差异。
基于语篇衔接和功能语旨关系的讨论，本文指出了语域对语篇衔接的影响方式与程度。作者同时也认为本文只是对衔接与功能语旨关系的初步研究，有其局限性。但作者期望本文研究结果会对未来同一领域的研究有所启示。
Many linguists, including Halliday, hold the view that register plays an important role in the formation of cohesion (Zhang Delu, 1999). The author thinks that this conclusion is too general, for register is the variety of language used in a given situational context, which is examined on three parameters: the field of discourse, the mode of discourse, and the tenor of discourse. So if register is a controlling factor of cohesion, the functional tenor should be the crux, because it is for functional tenor that a text is composed and the message is conveyed.
This thesis focuses on the study of the relation between cohesion and functional tenor in the light of theories of the functional grammar. The author believes that functional tenor in the register plays a great role in cohesion and many choices of cohesive devices in a text are decided by the functional tenor of the text
In order to illustrate the author's belief, this thesis is organized into four chapters. Chapter One is a survey on the theories of cohesion and functional tenor, especially the competing theories about the determining factors in the formation of cohesion. Chapter Two and Chapter Three are the discussions of the relations between nonstructural cohesion, structural cohesion and functional tenor respectively. Chapter Four is the conclusion of this thesis.
In the discussion of the relation between nonstructural cohesion, structural cohesion and functional tenor, the author collects some texts of two different functional tenors in the field of bank at random and makes some careful analysis. Half of the texts are expository entries in the English encyclopedias, and the rest are persuasive advertisements in English magazines. It is found in the analysis that the occurrence and frequency of cohesive devices vary regularly with the functional tenor of the text, and cohesive devices contribute to the achievement of functional tenor. However, there are some exceptions. For example, the
functional tenor of texts makes no difference in the frequency of substitution and ellipsis.
Based on the study of textual cohesion and two different functional tenors, the author suggests in what way and to what degree textual cohesion and functional tenor are related to each other.
In addition, the author points out that this thesis is only a preliminary study on the relation between cohesion and functional tenor. It is expected that this finding can be of some help in the future study in this field.
引文
1. Crystal. (1985). A Dictionary of Linguisticas and Phonetics. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
2. Ehrlich, S. (1990). Point of view: A Linguistic Analysis of Literary Style. London: Routledge.
3. Enkvist, N. E. et al. (1964). Linguistics and Style. London: OUP.
4. Firth (1957). "A synopsis of linguistic theory 1930-1955", Studies in Linguistic Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell.
5. Fries, P. H. (1983). "On the status of theme in English: arguments from discourse" in J. S. Petofi & E Sozer (eds.). Micro and Macro Connexity of Text. Hamburh: Helmut Baske.
6. Gregory, M. (1967). "Aspects of varieties differentiation" in Journal of Linguistics.
7. Gregory, M. & S. Carrol (1978). Language and Situation: Language Varieties and Their Social Context. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
8. Gutwinski, W. (1976). Cohesion in Literary Texts. the Hague: Mouton.
9. Halliday, M. A. K. (1964). "The linguistic study of literary texts" in Lunt, H. (ed.) Proceeding of the Ninth International Congress of Linguistics. the Hague: Mouton.
10. Halliday, M. A. K. & Hasan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English. Longman.
11. Halliday, M. A. K. & Hasan, R.(1985). Language, Context and Text. Victoria: Deakin University Press.
12. Halliday, M. A. K. (1994). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.
13. Hasan, R. (1968). Grammatical Cohesion in Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.
14. Hoey, M. (1991). Patterns of Lexis in Text. Oxford: OUP.
15. Jakobson, R. (1960). "Closing statement: linguistics and poetics" in Sebeok, T.A. (ed.). Style in Language. Mass: MIT Press.
16. Joos, M. (1962). "The five clicks" in Supplement 22 to International Journal of American Linguistics.
17. Martin, J. K. (1992). English Text: System and Structure. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
18. Morley G. D. (1985). An Introduction to Systemic Grammar. Macmillan Publishers Ltd. London and Basingstoke.
19. Petofi, J. S. (1990). "Language as a written medium: text" in N.E. Collinge (ed.). An Encyclopedia of Language. Oxford : Basil Blackwell.
20. Saussure, E de. (1960). Course in General Linguistics. London: Peter Owen. Originally published in French. (1916).
21. Van Dijk, T. A. (1977). Text and Context: Exploration in the Semantics and Pragmatics of Discourse. Longman.
22. Wlddowson, H. G. (1978). Teaching Language as Communication. Oxford: OUE
23．程琪龙(1998)．“信息流动中的语篇连贯”．《外国语》第1期．
24．程琪龙(2001)．“语篇形接义连的认知诠释”．《解放军外国语学院学报》第1期．
25．胡壮麟(1994)．《语篇衔接与连贯》．上海：上海外语教育出版社．
26．姜治文(1998)．《语言的功能---系统，语用和认知》．重庆：重庆大学出版社．
27．黄衍(1985)．“论英语的主位与述位”．《外国语》第5期．
28．徐盛桓(1982)．“主位与述位”．《外语教学与研究》第1期．
29．张德禄(1999)．“语篇连贯纵横谈”．《外国语》第6期．
30．张德禄(2000)．“论语篇连贯”．《外语教学与研究》第2期．
31．赵静(1994)．《广告英语》．北京：外语教学与研究出版社．
2. Ehrlich, S. (1990). Point of view: A Linguistic Analysis of Literary Style. London: Routledge.
3. Enkvist, N. E. et al. (1964). Linguistics and Style. London: OUP.
4. Firth (1957). "A synopsis of linguistic theory 1930-1955", Studies in Linguistic Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell.
5. Fries, P. H. (1983). "On the status of theme in English: arguments from discourse" in J. S. Petofi & E Sozer (eds.). Micro and Macro Connexity of Text. Hamburh: Helmut Baske.
6. Gregory, M. (1967). "Aspects of varieties differentiation" in Journal of Linguistics.
7. Gregory, M. & S. Carrol (1978). Language and Situation: Language Varieties and Their Social Context. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
8. Gutwinski, W. (1976). Cohesion in Literary Texts. the Hague: Mouton.
9. Halliday, M. A. K. (1964). "The linguistic study of literary texts" in Lunt, H. (ed.) Proceeding of the Ninth International Congress of Linguistics. the Hague: Mouton.
10. Halliday, M. A. K. & Hasan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English. Longman.
11. Halliday, M. A. K. & Hasan, R.(1985). Language, Context and Text. Victoria: Deakin University Press.
12. Halliday, M. A. K. (1994). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.
13. Hasan, R. (1968). Grammatical Cohesion in Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.
14. Hoey, M. (1991). Patterns of Lexis in Text. Oxford: OUP.
15. Jakobson, R. (1960). "Closing statement: linguistics and poetics" in Sebeok, T.A. (ed.). Style in Language. Mass: MIT Press.
16. Joos, M. (1962). "The five clicks" in Supplement 22 to International Journal of American Linguistics.
17. Martin, J. K. (1992). English Text: System and Structure. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
18. Morley G. D. (1985). An Introduction to Systemic Grammar. Macmillan Publishers Ltd. London and Basingstoke.
19. Petofi, J. S. (1990). "Language as a written medium: text" in N.E. Collinge (ed.). An Encyclopedia of Language. Oxford : Basil Blackwell.
20. Saussure, E de. (1960). Course in General Linguistics. London: Peter Owen. Originally published in French. (1916).
21. Van Dijk, T. A. (1977). Text and Context: Exploration in the Semantics and Pragmatics of Discourse. Longman.
22. Wlddowson, H. G. (1978). Teaching Language as Communication. Oxford: OUE
23．程琪龙(1998)．“信息流动中的语篇连贯”．《外国语》第1期．
24．程琪龙(2001)．“语篇形接义连的认知诠释”．《解放军外国语学院学报》第1期．
25．胡壮麟(1994)．《语篇衔接与连贯》．上海：上海外语教育出版社．
26．姜治文(1998)．《语言的功能---系统，语用和认知》．重庆：重庆大学出版社．
27．黄衍(1985)．“论英语的主位与述位”．《外国语》第5期．
28．徐盛桓(1982)．“主位与述位”．《外语教学与研究》第1期．
29．张德禄(1999)．“语篇连贯纵横谈”．《外国语》第6期．
30．张德禄(2000)．“论语篇连贯”．《外语教学与研究》第2期．
31．赵静(1994)．《广告英语》．北京：外语教学与研究出版社．